Mauritania

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Coup d'état Military Council for Justice and Democracy Chairman Ely Ould Mohamed Vall Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar Parliament Senate National Assembly Elections: 2006 referendum 2003 pres. - 2007 pres. 2007 Senate 2001 parl. - 2006 parl. Political parties Regions Departments Foreign relations

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Politics of Mauritania takes place in a framework of a military ruled republic, whereby the Chairman of the Military Council for Justice and Democracy is both head of state and head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the two chambers of parliament, the National Assembly and the Senate. The 2005 Mauritanian coup détat took place on 3 August 2005. ... The Military Council for Justice and Democracy (Arabic: المجلس العسكري للعدالة والديمقراطية; French: Le Conseil militaire pour la Justice et la Démocratie) is currently the supreme political body of Mauritania. ... Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (Arabic: ‎; born 1953 in Nouakchott) has been the military leader of Mauritania since a coup détat in August 2005. ... List of Heads of Government of Mauritania Affiliations:- PPM = Partie des Personnes de Mauritanian (Mauritanian Peoples Party, to 1961 PRM) - authoritarian PRDS = Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (Social and Democratic Republican Party, estd. ... Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (born 1945) is the current Prime Minister of Mauritania. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... Politics of Mauritania Categories: Election related stubs | Elections in Mauritania ... A constitutional referendum was held in Mauritania on June 25, 2006 and approved by nearly 97% of voters. ... A presidential election was held in Mauritania on November 7, 2003. ... A Mauritanian presidential election is scheduled for 11 March 2007. ... Senatorial elections were held in Mauritania on 21 January 2007and on 4 February 2007. ... Parliamentary and municipal elections in Mauritania occurred on 19 November and 3 December 2006. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Mauritania is divided into 12 regions (capitals in parentheses): Adrar (Atar) Assaba (Kiffa) Brakna (Aleg) Dakhlet Nouadhibou (Nouadhibou) Gorgol (Kaédi) Guidimaka (Sélibaby) Hodh Ech Chargui (Néma) Hodh El Gharbi (Aioun el Atrouss) Inchiri (Akjoujt) Tagant (Tidjikdja) Tiris Zemmour (Zouérate) Trarza (Rosso) The national capital, Nouakchott, comprises... Departments of Mauritania The Regions of Mauritania are subdivided into 44 departments. ... The Foreign relations of The Islamic Republic of Mauritania have been dominated since independence by the issues of the Spanish Sahara (now Western Sahara or Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic as well as recognition of its independence by its neighbours, particularly Morocco. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ... The Military Council for Justice and Democracy (Arabic: المجلس العسكري للعدالة والديمقراطية; French: Le Conseil militaire pour la Justice et la Démocratie) is currently the supreme political body of Mauritania. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ...

Personalities have long exercised an important influence in the politics of Mauritania - the effective exercise of political power in the country depends on control over resources; perceived ability or integrity; and tribal, ethnic, family, and personal considerations. Conflict between white Moor, black Moor, and non-Moor ethnic groups, centering on language, land tenure, and other issues, continues to pose challenges to the idea of national unity. Moorish Ambassador to Queen Elizabeth I of England The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Gibraltar, Spain and Portugal) as well as the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ...

Political administration

The government bureaucracy comprises traditional ministries, special agencies, and parastatal companies. The Ministry of Interior controls a system of regional governors and prefects modeled on the French system of local administration. Under this system, Mauritania has 13 regions (wilaya), including the capital district, Nouakchott. Control remains tightly concentrated in the executive branch of the central government, but a series of national and municipal elections since 1992 have produced some limited decentralization. Nouakchott (Arabic: نواكشوط or انواكشوط; population estimate 1999: 881,000) is the capital and by far the largest city of Mauritania. ...

Political history

Mauritania achieved independence from France in 1960. After independence, President Moktar Ould Daddah, originally installed by the French, formalized Mauritania into a one-party state in 1964 with a new constitution, which set up an authoritarian presidential regime. Daddah's own Parti du Peuple Mauritanien (PPM) became the ruling organization. The President justified this decision on the grounds that he considered Mauritania unready for western-style multi-party democracy. Under this one-party constitution, Daddah was reelected in uncontested elections in 1966, 1971 and 1976. Daddah was ousted in a bloodless coup on July 10, 1978. Moktar Ould Daddah Moktar Ould Daddah (Arabic: مختار ولد داده; December 25, 1924 - October 14, 2003) was the President of Mauritania from 1960, when his country gained its independence from France, to 1978, when he was deposed in a military coup detat. ... A single-party state or one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system and form of government where only a single political party dominates the government and no opposition parties are allowed. ... Bold text:This article applies to political ideologies. ... Parti du Peuple Mauritanien (PPM, French Mauritanian Peoples Party) was the sole legal party of Mauritania from 1961 to 1978. ... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ...

A committee of military officers governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. A referendum approved the current constitution in July 1991.

Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's rule (1984-2005)

The Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (PRDS), led by President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya, has dominated Mauritanian politics since the country's first multi-party elections in April 1992 following the approval by referendum of the current constitution in July 1991. President Taya, who won elections in 1992 and 1997, first became chief of state through a December 12, 1984 bloodless coup which made him chairman of the committee of military officers that governed Mauritania from July 1978 to April 1992. The Republican Party for Democracy and Renewal (PRDR) (Parti Républicain Démocratique et Renouvellement) is a political party in Mauritania. ... Maaouya Ould SidAhmed Taya (Arabic: ) (b. ... Ballots of the Argentine plebiscite of 1984 on the border treaty with Chile A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite (from Latin plebiscita, originally a decree of the Concilium Plebis) is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... December 12 is the 346th day (347th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 19 days remaining. ... 1984 (MCMLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Military Committee for National Salvation (French, Comité Militaire de Salut National, CMSN) was a military government of the Islamic Republic of Mauritania that took power in 1979. ...

Political parties were legalized again in 1991. By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 16 major political parties had been recognized; 12 major political parties were active in 2004. By April 1992, as civilian rule returned, 15 political parties had gained recognition. Among the mostly small groupings, two main opposition parties emerged: A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ...

1. the Rally of Democratic Forces (RFD)
2. the Action for Change (AC)--traditionally considered the party of the Haratines.

Most opposition parties boycotted the first legislative election in 1992, and for nearly a decade the Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS) dominated the parliament. The opposition participated in municipal elections in January-February 1994 and in subsequent elections for the Senate, gaining representation at the local level as well as one seat in the Senate. Noting procedural changes and opposition gains in municipal and legislative contests, most local observers considered the October 2001 elections open and transparent. The opposition participated in municipal elections in January-February 1994 and subsequent Senate elections, most recently in April 2004, gaining representation at the local level as well as three seats in the Senate. The Rally of Democratic Forces (Regroupement des Forces Démocratiques) is a political party in Mauritania. ... The Action for Change (Action for Change) is a political party in Mauritania. ... Haratin (also transliterated Haratins, Harratins or Haratine, etc, singular Hartani) is a Saharan / Sahelian word of obscure origin applied mainly in Mauritania, southern Morocco, Western Sahara, Algeria, Senegal and Mali to largely sedentary oasis-dwelling black populations speaking either Berber or Arabic dialects. ... The Democratic and Social Republican Party (Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social) is a political party in Mauritania. ... A senate is a deliberative body, often the upper house or chamber of a legislature. ...

In October 2001, Mauritania held its third legislative and fifth municipal elections since the establishment of multi-party politics under the 1991 constitution. In an effort to forestall the sort of widespread accusations of fraud and manipulation which had accompanied previous elections, the government introduced new safeguards, including published voter lists and a hard-to-falsify voter identification card. Reversing a trend of election boycotts, 15 opposition parties nominated candidates for more than 3,000 municipal posts and for the 81-member National Assembly. Four opposition parties won a combined 11 seats in the National Assembly and took 15% of the municipal posts. The ruling Democratic and Social Republican Party (PRDS), in conjunction with two coalition parties, won the remaining contests. See 2003 Mauritania election The Democratic and Social Republican Party (Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social) is a political party in Mauritania. ... (Redirected from 2003 Mauritania election) A presidential election was held in Mauritania on November 7, 2003. ...

Mauritania's presidential election, its third since adopting the democratic process in 1992, took place on November 7, 2003. Six candidates, including Mauritania's first female and first Haratine (former slave family) candidates, represented a wide variety of political goals and backgrounds. Incumbent President Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya won reelection with 67.02% of the popular vote, according to the official figures, with ex-head-of-state Col. Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla finishing second. A presidential election was held in Mauritania on November 7, 2003. ... Democracy (literally rule by the people, from the Greek demos, people, and kratos, rule[1]) is a form of government. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... November 7 is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 54 days remaining. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Haratin (also transliterated Haratins, Harratins or Haratine, etc, singular Hartani) is a Saharan / Sahelian word of obscure origin applied mainly in Mauritania, southern Morocco, Western Sahara, Algeria, Senegal and Mali to largely sedentary oasis-dwelling black populations speaking either Berber or Arabic dialects. ... The Buxton Memorial Fountain, celebrating the emancipation of slaves in the British Empire in 1834, London. ... The incumbent, in politics, is the current holder of a political office. ... Maaouya Ould SidAhmed Taya (Arabic: ) (b. ... Colonel (Ger: Oberst) is a military rank, usually the highest below general grades, and just above Lieutenant Colonel. ... Mohamed Khouna Ould Haidalla (Arabic: ; born 1940) was the President of Mauritania and Chairman of the Military Committee for National Salvation from 4 January 1980 to 12 December 1984. ...

Sid'Ahmed Taya recognized the State of Israel some years before his fall, and started cooperating with the United States in antiterrorism activities. His antiterrorist crackdowns were criticized by some human rights NGOs, who talked of an exaggeration and instrumentalization of alleged terrorist activities for political aims. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Counter-terrorism. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

A group identifying itself as the Military Council for Justice and Democracy overthrew the Taya government on 3 August 2005 during the absence of the President in Saudi Arabia. The military dictatorship said it would remain in power for two years in order to allow time for implementing democratic institutions. The Military Council for Justice and Democracy (Arabic: المجلس العسكري للعدالة والديمقراطية; French: Le Conseil militaire pour la Justice et la Démocratie) is currently the supreme political body of Mauritania. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Augusto Pinochet (sitting) as head of the newly established military junta in Chile, September 1973. ...

August 2005 military coup

In August 2005, a military coup led by Col. Ely Ould Mohamed Vall ended Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya's 21 years of strong-arm rule. Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (Arabic: ‎; born 1953 in Nouakchott) has been the military leader of Mauritania since a coup détat in August 2005. ...

On August 3, the Mauritanian military, including members of the presidential guard, seized control of key points in the capital of Nouakchott. They took advantage of President Taya's attendance at the funeral of Saudi King Fahd to organize the coup, which took place without loss of life. The officers, calling themselves the Military Council for Justice and Democracy, released the following statement: August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... Nouakchott (Arabic: نواكشوط or انواكشوط; population estimate 1999: 881,000) is the capital and by far the largest city of Mauritania. ... King Fahd of Saudi Arabia King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz (born in Riyadh in 1923) is the king and prime minister of Saudi Arabia and leader of the House of Saud. ...

The national armed forces and security forces have unanimously decided to put a definitive end to the oppressive activities of the defunct authority, which our people have suffered from during the past years. (BBC)

The Military Council later issued another statement naming as president Col. Mohamed Vall, director of the national police force, the Sûreté Nationale, since 1987, and listing 16 other officers as members.

Col. Mohamed Vall was once regarded as a firm ally of the now-ousted president Sid'Ahmed Taya, even aiding him in the original coup that brought him to power, and later serving as his security chief. This high-level betrayal of the former president suggests broad discontent within the branches of local government, which is further supported by the lack of bloodshed and the population's support of the rebel militaries.

Applauded by the Mauritanian people, but cautiously watched by the international community, the coup has since been generally accepted, while the military junta has promised to organize elections within two years.

Parliamentary and municipal elections were held on the 19 November 2006[1]. November 19 is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ...

Israel's recognition by the Islamic Republic of Mauritania was maintained by the new regime.

Dispute with Woodside Petroleum

In February 2006, the Mauritanian government denounced amendments to an oil contract made by former leader Maaouiya Ould Taya with Woodside Petroleum, an Australian company. In 2004, Woodside had agreed to invest $US 600 million in developing Mauritania's Chinguetti offshore oil project. The controversial amendments, which Mauritanian authorities declared had been signed "outside the legal framework of normal practice, to the great detriment of our country", could cost Mauritania up to $200 million a year, according to BBC News. Signed by Woodside two weeks after the February 1, 2005 legislation authorizing the four amendments, they provided for a lower state quota in the profit-oil, and reduced taxes by 15 percent in certain zones. They also eased environmental constraints, and extended the length and scope of the exploitation and exploration monopoly, among other measures. Media:Example. ... Woodside Petroleum Limited is an Australian petroleum mining company. ... The Chinguetti deposit is a petroleum deposit off the Mauritanian coast, discovered by the Australian firm Woodside Petroleum in 2001. ... The current BBC News logo BBC News and Current Affairs is a major arm of the BBC responsible for the corporations newsgathering and production of news programmes on BBC television, radio and online. ... February 1 is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An environment is a complex of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. ... In economics, a monopoly (from the Latin word monopolium - Greek language monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a product or service. ...

The disputed amendments were signed by former oil minister Zeidane Ould Hmeida in February 2004 and March 2005. Hmeida was arrested in January 2006 on charges of "serious crimes against the country's essential economic interests". January 2006 : ← - January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad accuses European nations of trying to complete the Holocaust by creating a Jewish camp Israel in the Middle East. ...

Nouakchott's authorities declared that the government would likely seek international arbitration, which Woodside (which operated for Hardman, BG Group, Premier, ROC Oil, Fusion, Petronas, Dana Petroleum, Energy Africa and the Hydrocarbons Mauritanian Society) also contemplated. Hardman is a surname, which could refer to several people, including: Edward Hardman E. Chambré Hardman Bill Hardman Lamartine Griffin Hardman Category: ... BG Group Plc is an energy production and distribution company which is headquartered in Reading outside London, England. ... A premier is an executive official of government. ... Motto: شرف إخاء عدل  (Arabic) Honneur, Fraternité, Justice  (French) Honor, Fraternity, Justice Anthem: National Anthem of Mauritania Capital (and largest city) Nouakchott Arabic (de jure) also Hassaniya and French Government Military junta  - President Ely Ould Mohamed Vall[1]  - Prime Minister Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar Independence from France   - Date November 28, 1960  Area  - Total... PETRONAS, short for Petroliam Nasional Berhad, is Malaysias owned oil and gas company that was founded on August 17, 1974. ...

Discovered in 2001, Chinguetti has proven reserves of about 120 million barrels of oil. At the end of December 2005, authorities estimated that in 2006, the oil profits would be 47 billion ouguiyas (about US$180 million) and represent a quarter of the state budget, according to RFI ^[1]. December 2005 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December- → 31 December 2005 (Saturday) 25-year-old Scottish human rights worker Kate Burton and her parents are freed unharmed in the Gaza Strip by the Palestinian gunmen who kidnapped them two days earlier. ... MRO is also the acronym for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter The Mauritanian ouguiya ( ISO 4217: MRO) is the currency of Mauritania. ... Budget generally refers to a list of all planned expenses and revenues. ... ...

Executive branch

This page contains a list of Presidents and Heads of State of Mauritania. ... The Military Council for Justice and Democracy (Arabic: المجلس العسكري للعدالة والديمقراطية; French: Le Conseil militaire pour la Justice et la Démocratie) is currently the supreme political body of Mauritania. ... Colonel Ely Ould Mohamed Vall (Arabic: ‎; born 1953 in Nouakchott) has been the military leader of Mauritania since a coup détat in August 2005. ... August 3 is the 215th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (216th in leap years), with 150 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... List of Heads of Government of Mauritania Affiliations:- PPM = Partie des Personnes de Mauritanian (Mauritanian Peoples Party, to 1961 PRM) - authoritarian PRDS = Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social (Social and Democratic Republican Party, estd. ... Sidi Mohamed Ould Boubacar (born 1945) is the current Prime Minister of Mauritania. ... The Democratic and Social Republican Party (Parti Républicain Démocratique et Social) is a political party in Mauritania. ... August 7 is the 219th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (220th in leap years), with 146 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. The National Assembly (Al Jamiya al-Wataniyah/Assemblée Nationale) has 81 members, elected for a five year term in single-seat constituencies. The Senate (Majlis al-Shuyukh/Sénat) has 56 members, 53 members elected for a six year term by munical councillors with one third renewed every two years and 3 members elected by Mauritanians abroad. The position of the parliament in the present situation is unclear. The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... The bicameral legislature of the United States is housed in a capitol building with two wings. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ... A constituency is any cohesive corporate unit or body bound by shared structures, goals or loyalty. ... The Parliament (Barlamane/Parlement) has two chambers. ...

Political parties and elections

The following election results include names of political parties. See for additional information about parties the List of political parties in Mauritania. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Mauritania . These elections were held before the coup d'état.

Administrative divisions

Mauritania is divided in 12 regions (regions, singular - region) and 1 capital district*; Adrar, Assaba, Brakna, Dakhlet Nouadhibou, Gorgol, Guidimaka, Hodh Ech Chargui, Hodh El Gharbi, Inchiri, Nouakchott*, Tagant, Tiris Zemmour, Trarza Adrar (Arabic: ولاية آدرار) is a large region in Mauritania, named for the Adrar Plateau. ... Assaba is a region in southern Mauritania. ... Brakna is a region in south-west Mauritania. ... Dakhlet Nouadhibou is the western-most region of Mauritania. ... Other use: see Gorgol (region) for the region of Mauritania. ... Guidimaka is the southern-most region of Mauritania. ... Hodh Ech Chargui is a large region in eastern Mauritania. ... Hodh El Gharbi is a region in southern Mauritania. ... Inchiri is a region in western Mauritania. ... Nouakchott (Arabic: نواكشوط or انواكشوط; population estimate 1999: 881,000) is the capital and by far the largest city of Mauritania. ... Tagant is a region in south-central Mauritania named for the Tagant plateau. ... Tiris Zemmour (Arabic: ولاية تيرس زمور) is the northern-most region of Mauritania. ... Trarza is a region in south-west Mauritania. ...

International organization participation

ABEDA, ACCT (associate), ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO (pending member), ILO, IMF, International Maritime Organization, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO The Agence de coopération culturelle et technique (ACCT, French for Agency of cultural and technical cooperation) is an organisation that is part of La Francophonie. ... The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. ... The African Development Bank (ADB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of States dollar|$]]47. ... The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, or AFESD, is a Kuwait based, pan-Arab development finance institute. ... The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: ‎), is an organization of predominately Arab states (compare Arab world). ... The Arab Maghreb Union is a Pan-Arab trade agreement aiming for economic and political unity in northern Africa. ... The Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) was established in 3 June 1957, and became effective 30 May 1964, with the ultimate goal of achieving complete economic unity among its member states. ... World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps member states communicate and cooperate on customs issues. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established in 1958 to encourage economic cooperation among its member states (the nations of the African continent). ... The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional group of fifteen countries, founded on May 28, 1975 when fifteen West African countries signed the Treaty of Lagos. ... The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name. ... The International Development Association (IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. ... Islamic Development Bank (also known as IDB), is a multilateral development financing institution. ... 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Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... Intelsat, Ltd. ... Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, was established as The International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 to assist international criminal police cooperation. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... 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References

1. ^ "Mauritania and firm row over oil", BBC News, February 6, 2006."Crise ouverte avec la compagnie pétrolière Woodside", Radio France International, February 6, 2006.