Politics of Mozambique takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mozambique is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Assembly of the Republic. List of Heads of State of Mozambique The official residence is the Palácio da Ponta Vermelha. ... President Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza (b. ... List of Heads of Government of Mozambique Affliations:- FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique (Liberation Front of Mozambique, authoritarian/socialist, renounces Marxist-Leninism 30 Jul 1989) RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana (Mozambican National Resistance) Categories: Politics of Mozambique ... Luísa Dias Diogo (born April 11, 1958) has been prime minister of Mozambique since February [[ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhJJjjhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaLuisa Diogo represents the party FRELIMO. In September 2005, she was the international guest speaker at the British Labour Party Conference. ... The unicameral Assembly of the Republic is Mozambiques legislative body. ... Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in Mozambique. ... Mozambique held a presidential election on 1–2 December 2004. ... Political parties in Mozambique lists political parties in Mozambique. ... Mozambique is divided into 11 provinces: Cabo Delgado Gaza Inhambane Manica Maputo (city) Maputo Nampula Niassa Sofala Tete Zambezia Categories: Provinces of Mozambique ... There are 128 districts in Mozambique: Alto Molocue Ancuabe Angoche Angónia Balama Báruè Bilene Macia Boane Buzi Cahora-Bassa Caia Changara Chemba Cheringoma Chibabava Chibuto Chicuacuala Chifunde Chigubo Chinde Chiúre Chiuta Chókwè Cuamba Dondo Eráti Funhalouro Gilé Gondola Gorongosa Govuro Guijá Guro Gurué Homoine Ibo... While allegiances dating back to the liberation struggle remain relevant, Mozambiques foreign policy has become increasingly pragmatic. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose governance is based on popular representation and control. ... List of Heads of State of Mozambique The official residence is the Palácio da Ponta Vermelha. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The unicameral Assembly of the Republic is Mozambiques legislative body. ...

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Political history before the introduction of democracy

The last 25 years of Mozambique's history have encapsulated the political developments of the entire 20th century. Portuguese colonialism collapsed in 1974 after a decade of armed struggle, initially led by American-educated Eduardo Mondlane, who was assassinated in 1969. When independence was proclaimed in 1975, the leaders of FRELIMO's military campaign rapidly established a one-party state allied to the Soviet bloc, eliminating political pluralism, religious educational institutions, and the role of traditional authorities. It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... Mondlane on a Mozambican 1000 metical note. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... During the Cold War, the Eastern Bloc (or Soviet Bloc) comprised the following Central and Eastern European countries: Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Poland, Albania (until the early 1960s, see below), the Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia. ...

The new government gave shelter and support to South African (ANC) and Zimbabwean (ZANU-PF) liberation movements while the governments of apartheid South Africa and Rhodesia fostered and financed an armed rebel movement in central Mozambique called the Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO). Civil war, sabotage from neighboring states, and economic collapse characterized the first decade of Mozambican independence. Also marking this period were the mass exodus of Portuguese nationals, weak infrastructure, nationalization, and economic mismanagement. During most of the civil war the government was unable to exercise effective control outside of urban areas, many of which were cut off from the capital. An estimated one million Mozambicans perished during the civil war, 1.7 million took refuge in neighboring states, and several million more were internally displaced. In the third FRELIMO party congress in 1983, President Samora Machel conceded the failure of socialism and the need for major political and economic reforms. His death, along with several advisers, in a suspicious plane crash in 1986 interrupted progress. For political parties with similar names in other countries, see Northern Rhodesian African National Congress and Zambian African National Congress. ... The Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF) has been the ruling party in Zimbabwe since independence in 1980, led by Robert Mugabe, first as Prime Minister with the party simply known as ZANU, and then as President from 1988 after taking over ZAPU and renaming the party ZANU... Southern Rhodesia, todays Zimbabwe. ... The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative political party in Mozambique led by Afonso Dhlakama. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... US President Reagan and President Samora Machel of Mozambique Samora Moisés Machel (September 29, 1933 - October 19, 1986) was President of Mozambique from 1975 until he died eleven years later, when his presidential aircraft crashed in mountainous terrain where the borders of Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland converge. ...

His successor, Joaquim Chissano, continued the reforms and began peace talks with RENAMO. The new constitution enacted in 1990 provided for a multi-party political system, market-based economy, and free elections. The civil war ended in October 1992 with the Rome General Peace Accords. Pres. ... The Rome General Peace Accords between the Mozambican civil war parties, the Frelimo (government) and the Renamo (rebels), put an end to the Mozambique Civil war. ...

By mid-1995 the over 1.7 million Mozambican refugees who had sought asylum in neighboring Malawi, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, Zambia, Tanzania, and South Africa as a result of war and drought had returned, as part of the largest repatriation witnessed in Sub-Saharan Africa. Additionally, a further estimated 4 million internally displaced returned to their areas of origin. Sub-Saharan Africa, Africa south of the Sahara Desert, is the term used to describe those countries of Africa that are not part of North Africa. ...

Under supervision of the ONUMOZ peacekeeping force of the United Nations, peace returned to Mozambique. In 1994 the country held its first democratic elections. Joaquim Chissano was elected president with 53% of the vote, and a 250-member National Assembly was voted in with 129 FRELIMO deputies, 112 RENAMO deputies, and 9 representatives of three smaller parties that formed the Democratic Union (UD). United Nations Operations in Mozambique (ONUMOZ). ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Pres. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      The National Assembly is either a legislature, or the lower house of a bicameral legislature in some countries. ... The Democratic Union can be: Croatian Democratic Union Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mongolian Democratic Union This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Executive branch

The president is elected by popular vote for a five-year term. The prime minister is appointed by the president. List of Heads of State of Mozambique The official residence is the Palácio da Ponta Vermelha. ... President Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza (b. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... February 2 is the 33rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... List of Heads of Government of Mozambique Affliations:- FRELIMO = Frente da Libertação de Moçambique (Liberation Front of Mozambique, authoritarian/socialist, renounces Marxist-Leninism 30 Jul 1989) RENAMO = Resistencia Nacional Moçambicana (Mozambican National Resistance) Categories: Politics of Mozambique ... Luísa Dias Diogo (born April 11, 1958) has been prime minister of Mozambique since February [[ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhJJjjhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaaaahhhhhhhhhhhhhhaaaaaaaaaaaaLuisa Diogo represents the party FRELIMO. In September 2005, she was the international guest speaker at the British Labour Party Conference. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Legislative branch

The Assembly of the Republic (Assembleia da República) has 250 members, elected for a five year term by proportional representation. The unicameral Assembly of the Republic is Mozambiques legislative body. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...

Political parties and elections

For other political parties see List of political parties in Mozambique. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in Mozambique.

In 1994 the country held its first democratic elections. Joaquim Chissano was elected President with 53% of the vote, and a 250-member National Assembly was voted in with 129 FRELIMO deputies, 112 RENAMO deputies, and 9 representatives of three smaller parties that formed the Democratic Union (UD). Since its formation in 1994, the National Assembly has made progress in becoming a body increasingly more independent of the executive. By 1999, more than one-half (53%) of the legislation passed originated in the Assembly. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Mozambique lists political parties in Mozambique. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in Mozambique. ... President Armando Guebuza Armando Emílio Guebuza (b. ... The Liberation Front of Mozambique (better known under its abbreveration FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... Afonso Marceta Macacho Dhlakama (born 1 January 1953 in Mangunde, Mozambique) is a Mozambican politician. ... The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative political party in Mozambique led by Afonso Dhlakama. ... Raul Domingos is a Mozambican politician who was part of Renamo until being thrown out on July 7, 2000. ... The Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development (Partido para a Paz Democracia e Desenvolvimento) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Independent Party of Mozambique (Partido Independente de Moçambique) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The unicameral Assembly of the Republic is Mozambiques legislative body. ... The Liberation Front of Mozambique (better known under its abbreveration FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative political party in Mozambique led by Afonso Dhlakama. ... The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative political party in Mozambique led by Afonso Dhlakama. ... The Independent Alliance of Mozambique (Aliança Independente de Moçambique) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Mozambican Nationalist Movement (Movimento Nacionalista Moçambicano) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The National Convention Party (Partido de Convenção Nacional) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The National Unity Party (Partido de Unidade Nacional) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Front of Patriotic Action (Frente de Ação Patriotica) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Peoples Party of Mozambique (Partido Popular de Moçambique) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The United Front of Mozambique (Frente Unida de Moçambique) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Party for Peace, Democracy, and Development (Partido para a Paz Democracia e Desenvolvimento) is a political party in Mozambique. ... The Independent Party of Mozambique (Partido Independente de Moçambique) is a political party in Mozambique. ... Elections in Mozambique gives information on election and election results in Mozambique. ... The Mozambican Liberation Front (FRELIMO, pronounced fray-LEE-moo; Portuguese: Frente de Libertação de Moçambique) is a political party that has ruled Mozambique since independence in 1975. ... The Mozambican National Resistance (RENAMO; Portuguese: Resistência Nacional Moçambicana) is a conservative political party in Mozambique led by Afonso Dhlakama. ... The Democratic Union can be: Croatian Democratic Union Croatian Democratic Union of Bosnia and Herzegovina Mongolian Democratic Union This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

After some delays, in 1998 the country held its first local elections to provide for local representation and some budgetary authority at the municipal level. The principal opposition party, RENAMO, boycotted the local elections, citing flaws in the registration process. Independent slates contested the elections and won seats in municipal assemblies. Turnout was very low.

In the aftermath of the 1998 local elections, the government resolved to make more accommodations to the opposition's procedural concerns for the second round of multiparty national elections in 1999. Working through the National Assembly, the electoral law was rewritten and passed by consensus in December 1998. Financed largely by international donors, a very successful voter registration was conducted from July to September 1999, providing voter registration cards to 85% of the potential electorate (more than 7 million voters).

The second general elections were held December 3-5, 1999, with high voter turnout. International and domestic observers agreed that the voting process was well organized and went smoothly. Both the opposition and observers subsequently cited flaws in the tabulation process that, had they not occurred, might have changed the outcome. In the end, however, international and domestic observers concluded that the close result of the vote reflected the will of the people. Voters lining up outside a Baghdad polling station during the 2005 Iraqi election. ...

President Chissano won the presidency with a margin of 4% points over the RENAMO-Electoral Union coalition candidate, Afonso Dhlakama, and began his 5-year term in January 2000. FRELIMO increased its majority in the National Assembly with 133 out of 250 seats. RENAMO-UE coalition won 116 seats, one went independent, and no third parties are represented.

The opposition coalition did not accept the National Election Commission's results of the presidential vote and filed a formal complaint to the Supreme Court. One month after the voting, the court dismissed the opposition's challenge and validated the election results. The opposition did not file a complaint about the results of the legislative vote.

The second local elections, involving 33 municipalities with some 2.4 million registered voters, took place in November 2003. This was the first time that FRELIMO, RENAMO-UE, and independent parties competed without significant boycotts. The 24% turnout was well above the 15% turnout in the first municipal elections. FRELIMO won 28 mayoral positions and the majority in 29 municipal assemblies, while RENAMO won 5 mayoral positions and the majority in 4 municipal assemblies. The voting was conducted in an orderly fashion without violent incidents. However, the period immediately after the elections was marked by objections about voter and candidate registration and vote tabulation, as well as calls for greater transparency.

Mozambique's president, Armando Guebuza

In May 2004, the government approved a new general elections law that contained innovations based on the experience of the 2003 municipal elections. Image File history File links Armando_Guebuza_2005. ... Image File history File links Armando_Guebuza_2005. ...

Presidential and National Assembly elections took place on December 1-2, 2004. FRELIMO candidate Armando Guebuza won with 64% of the popular vote. His opponent, Afonso Dhlakama of RENAMO, received 32% of the popular vote. FRELIMO won 160 seats in Parliament. A coalition of RENAMO and several small parties won the 90 remaining seats. Armando Guebuza was inaugurated as the President of Mozambique on February 2, 2005.

Judicial branch

The judiciary comprises a Supreme Court and provincial, district, and municipal courts.

Administrative divisions

Mozambique is divided in 10 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Cabo Delgado, Gaza, Inhambane, Manica, Maputo, Nampula, Niassa, Sofala, Tete, Zambezia

International organization participation

Mozambique is member of ACP, AfDB, C, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO (correspondent), ITU, MONUC, NAM, OAU, OIC, OPCW, SADC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISET, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. ... The African Development Bank (ADB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of States dollar|$]]47. ... The Commonwealth of Nations as of 2006 Headquarters Marlborough House, London Leaders  -  Queen Elizabeth II  -  Secretary-General Don McKinnon (since 1999)  -  Ransford Smith Establishment  -  as British Commonwealth 1926   -  as the Commonwealth 1949  Membership 53 sovereign states Website thecommonwealth. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established in 1958 to encourage economic cooperation among its member states (the nations of the African continent). ... The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name. ... The International Development Association (IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. ... Islamic Development Bank (also known as IDB), is a multilateral development financing institution. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name. ... The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental international organization established in 1921. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. ... “IMF” redirects here. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... Interpol, or International Criminal Police Organization, was established as The International Criminal Police Commission in 1923 to assist international criminal police cooperation. ... Alternative meanings at IOC (disambiguation) The International Olympic Committee is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin in 1894 to reinstate the Ancient Olympic Games held in Greece, and organize this sports event every four years. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union internationale des télécommunications, Spanish: Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... MONUC is a French acronym for Mission de l Organisation des Nations unies en République démocratique du Congo, in English: Mission of the United Nations (UN) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) OIC redirects here. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is not an agency of the United Nations. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1963 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... On May 20, 2002, East Timor was internationally recognized as an independent state and the United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET) came to an end. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps Members (currently Customs administrations from 169 countries) communicate and co-operate on customs issues. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. ... Headquarters in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... World Tourism Organization Building in Madrid The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...