Politics of Peru takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Peru is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Congress. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Elections in Peru provides information pertaining to the election process and the results of Peruvian presidencial elections. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provinces, Cities, and Districts... Political parties in Peru lists political parties in Peru. ... APRA could refer to the: American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, a Peruvian political party Australian Prudential Regulation Authority Australasian Performing Rights Association This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Political parties in Peru lists political parties in Peru. ... Subnational entity is a generic term for an administrative region within a country — on an arbitrary level below that of the sovereign state — typically with a local government encompassing multiple municipalities, counties, or provinces with a certain degree of autonomy in a varying number of matters. ... Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a state or province. ... AMA ANC APU ARE AYA CAJ CUS HUC HUV ICA JUN LAL LAM LIM LOR MDD MOQ PAS PIU PUN TAC TUM SAM UCA Regional Governments, in the Government of Peru, is a government organization which organizes, conducts, and manages, each one of the twenty-five Regions of Peru. ... // Municipalities, in Peru, are the government organizations that govern the provinces and districts of that country. ... // Municipalities, in Peru, are the government organizations that govern the provinces and districts of that country. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Representative democracy is a form of government founded on the principles of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... Look up republic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... List of presidents of Peru : The Independence War 1821-1822: José de San Martín 1822-1823: José de La Mar 1823: Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano 1823: José de la Riva Agüero 1823-1824: José Bernardo de Tagle 1824-1826: Simón Bolívar 1826-1827: Andrés... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... The head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... Congress (Spanish: Congreso) is the name given to Perus unicameral legislature under the current (1993) constitution. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      In the law, the judiciary or judicial system is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ...

Democratic reform

The Republic of Peru is in a state of ongoing democratization. Led by President Alan García, the executive branch is attempting to be transparent and accountable. Previously a rubberstamp body, Peru's unicameral Congress is emerging as a strong counterbalance to the once-dominant executive branch, with increased oversight and investigative powers. The executive branch and Congress are attempting to reform the judicial branch, antiquated and rife with corruption. For other uses, see Democracy (disambiguation). ... Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of the Republic is the Chief of the State and represents the republic in official international matters. ... Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (born May 23, 1949 in Lima) is the current President of Peru after winning the 2006 elections on June 4, 2006 in a run-off against Union for Peru candidate Ollanta Humala. ... Congress (Spanish: Congreso) is the name given to Perus unicameral legislature under the current (1993) constitution. ...

Peruvians, whose expectations were raised during the 2000 and 2001 election campaigns, are frustrated at the slow pace of economic recovery and job creation. As discontent rises, the Toledo administration is in a race to strengthen the economy so that popular pressures do not force a shift to more radical measures. So far, the Toledo government remains committed to neoliberal economic policies and structural reform in the hope of attracting sufficient international investment to generate growth and job creation. For the school of international relations, see Neoliberalism (international relations). ...

Other important political currents stem from the ongoing investigation of Fujimori-era corruption (notably the proceedings against Fujimori's former advisor, Vladimiro Montesinos), and an increase in activities by the insurgent group Sendero Luminoso. The recent trial of Abimael Guzmán has been suspended, due in part to Guzmán's use of it as a forum for broadcasting Sendero Luminoso propaganda. Alberto Kenya Fujimori (Spanish IPA: , Japanese IPA: ) (born in Lima, Peru on July 28, 1938), also known as Kenya Fujimori ) was President of Peru from July 28, 1990 to November 17, 2000. ... Vladimiro Montesinos Vladimiro Lenin Montesinos Torres (born May 20, 1945) was the long-time, powerful head of Perus intelligence service, Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional (SIN), under President Alberto Fujimori. ... The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish: El Partido Comunista del Perú), more commonly known as the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), is a Maoist guerrilla organization in Peru that launched the internal conflict in Peru in 1980. ... Guzmán as a prisoner Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso, also known by his nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo (English: President Gonzalo), a former professor of philosophy, was the leader of the Maoist insurgency often referred coloquially to as Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso in Spanish). ...

Regarding the latter, the Toledo government has been forced to consider putting resources back into the security forces which they had been hoping to use to fund social programs.

Another relevant opposition leader is nationalist and former military commander Ollanta Humala. Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso Uñña (born June 26, 1963) is a Peruvian left-leaning nationalist politician. ...

After the impeachment of Fujimori (at present in jail), Alejandro Toledo could not run for the presidency again. The most recent presidential election was held on Sunday, April 9, 2006, and more than 16 million Peruvians were eligible to vote worldwide. No candidate received more than 50% of the vote, so a runoff election was held in June. Alejandro Toledo (Alejandro Celestino Toledo Manrique) (born 28 March 1946) is a Peruvian politician. ... The first round of the 2006 Peruvian national election was held on April 9, 2006 to elect the President of the Republic, two Vice-Presidents, 120 Members of Congress, and five Peruvian members of the Andean Parliament (plus 10 substitutes), for the 2006-2011 period. ... is the 99th day of the year (100th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Runoff voting is a voting system used in single-seat elections. ...

After a bitter and often vitriolic campaign, disgraced former President Alan Garcia won with 53.1% of the vote. Nationalist rival and former coup-plotter, Ollanta Humala, received 46.9%. Mr Garcia, whose first presidency in 1985-1990 was blighted by record-breaking hyperinflation, debt-default, wide-scale corruption and a Maoist insurgency, says that he's learned from his mistakes.

Executive branch

The President of Peru is popularly elected for a five-year term, and the 1993 constitution permits one consecutive re-election. All citizens above the age of eighteen are entitled and in fact compelled to vote. The first and second vice presidents also are popularly elected but have no constitutional functions unless the president is unable to discharge his duties. Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of the Republic is the Chief of the State and represents the republic in official international matters. ... Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (born May 23, 1949 in Lima) is the current President of Peru after winning the 2006 elections on June 4, 2006 in a run-off against Union for Peru candidate Ollanta Humala. ... The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) also known as the Partido Aprista Peruano (Peruvian Aprista Party) is a Peruvian left-wing social democratic political party. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Prime Ministers of Peru (1963–1980) The Morales Bermúdez Administration (1975–1980) Prime Ministers of Peru (1980–2000) The Belaunde 2th Administration (1980–1985) The Garcia Administration (1985–1990) The Fujimori Administration (1990–2000) Prime Ministers of Peru (2000–2020) The Paniagua Administration (2000–2001) The Toledo Administration (2000... Jorge Alfonso Alejandro del Castillo Gálvez (Lima, July 2, 1950) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. ... The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) also known as the Partido Aprista Peruano (Peruvian Aprista Party) is a Peruvian left-wing social democratic political party. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Established in the Constitution of 1993, the President of the Republic is the Chief of the State and represents the republic in official international matters. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Compulsory voting is a practice that requires citizens to vote in elections or to attend a polling place to get their name crossed off the electoral roll. ...

The President appoints the Council of Ministers (Consejo de Ministros, or Cabinet) and Prime Minister (primer ministro). All presidential decree laws or draft bills sent to Congress must be approved by the Council of Ministers. The Prime Minister Jorge Del Castillo has occupied his position since 28 July 2006, replacing Pedro Pablo Kuczynski. A cabinet is a body of high-ranking members of government, typically representing the executive branch. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Jorge Alfonso Alejandro del Castillo Gálvez (Lima, July 2, 1950) is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard (born 1938) is a Peruvian economist and politician, and the current prime minister of the country. ...

Legislative branch

The legislative branch consists of a unicameral Congress (Congreso) of 120 members. elected for a five-year term by proportional representation In addition to passing laws, Congress ratifies treaties, authorizes government loans, and approves the government budget. The president has the power to block legislation with which the executive branch does not agree. Congress (Spanish: Congreso) is the name given to Perus unicameral legislature under the current (1993) constitution. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ...

Political parties and elections

A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Peru lists political parties in Peru. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in Peru provides information pertaining to the election process and the results of Peruvian presidencial elections. ... List of presidents of Peru : The Independence War 1821-1822: José de San Martín 1822-1823: José de La Mar 1823: Manuel Salazar y Baquíjano 1823: José de la Riva Agüero 1823-1824: José Bernardo de Tagle 1824-1826: Simón Bolívar 1826-1827: Andrés... Ollanta Moisés Humala Tasso Uñña (born June 26, 1963) is a Peruvian left-leaning nationalist politician. ... Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) was originally a liberal or centrist political party in Peru. ... Alan Gabriel Ludwig García Pérez (born May 23, 1949 in Lima) is the current President of Peru after winning the 2006 elections on June 4, 2006 in a run-off against Union for Peru candidate Ollanta Humala. ... The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) also known as the Partido Aprista Peruano (Peruvian Aprista Party) is a Peruvian left-wing social democratic political party. ... Lourdes Flores Lourdes Flores Nano (born 1959) is a Peruvian politician and lawyer. ... National Unity (Spanish: Unidad Nacional) is a Peruvian political party. ... Martha Gladys Chávez Cossío de Ocampo (b. ... Logo Alliance for the Future (Alianza por el Futuro) is a Peruvian political alliance formed by pro-Fujimori parties Cambio 90 and Nueva Mayoría for the 2006 national election. ... Valentín Paniagua Corazao (b. ... Logo The Center Front (Frente de Centro) is a Peruvian political coalition formed by parties Acción Popular (AP), Somos Perú (SP) and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes (CNI) for the 2006 national election. ... Pastor Humberto Lay Sun is an Peruvian evangelical minister of the Assemblies of God, an architect at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, and a politician. ... National Restoration (Restauración Nacional) is a Peruvian political party, that contends in the 2006 national election. ... Susana Villarán de la Puente is a Peruvian educator, journalist and politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Logo... Jaime Salinas López-Torres (born 8 March, 1963 in Lima, Peru) is a Peruvian politician, son of General Jaime Salinas Sedó. He was Justicia Nacionals presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      National... Javier Diez Canseco is a Peruvian politician and former member of the Peruvian Congress representing the party Partido Democrático Descentralista (PDD), of which he is a co-founder. ... Logo Socialist Party of Peru (in Spanish: Partido Socialista del Perú), a political party in Peru. ... Natale Juan Amprimo Pla is a Peruvian politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Pedro Koechlin von Stein is a Peruvian politician and entrepreneur. ... CFP Party Logo With Force Peru (Spanish: Con Fuerza Perú) is a Peruvian political party founded on March 1995. ... Alberto Moreno Rojas del Río (b. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. Union for Peru List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provincial... Alberto Borea Odría is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Ulises Humala Tasso[[1]] is a professor at the Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería and a Peruvian politician who is running for president in the 2006 election on the Avanza País ticket. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Go... Ciro Alfredo Gálvez Herrera is a Peruvian lawyer and politician. ... Andean Renaissance (Renacimiento Andino) is a political party in Peru. ... Javier Felipe Espinoza Ayaipoma is a Peruvian politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Let... José Cardó Guarderas is a Peruvian and was Reconstrucción Democráticas presidential candidate for the 2006 national election. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Ántero Asto Flores is a Peruvian educator and politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Peruvian... Ricardo Wong Kuoman is a Peruvian politician of Chinese race. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      And... Luis Bernardo Guerrero Figueroa is a Peruvian politician. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Congress (Spanish: Congreso) is the name given to Perus unicameral legislature under the current (1993) constitution. ... States of CAN The Andean Community of Nations (in Spanish: Comunidad Andina de Naciones, abbreviated CAN) is a trade bloc comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela. ... Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) was originally a liberal or centrist political party in Peru. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provinces, Cities, and Districts... APRA banner The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), today officially known as Partido Aprista Peruano (Peruvian Aprista Party) is Perus oldest and one of its best-established political parties. ... National Unity (Spanish: Unidad Nacional) is a Peruvian political party. ... The Christian Peoples Party (in Spanish: Partido Popular Cristiano) is a right-wing political party based on Christian Democracy. ... National Solidarity (Solidaridad Nacional) is a Peruvian political party. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provinces, Cities, and Districts... Logo Alliance for the Future (Alianza por el Futuro) is a Peruvian political alliance formed by pro-Fujimori parties Cambio 90 and Nueva Mayoría for the 2006 national election. ... Cambio 90 (Change 90) was a Peruvian political party which only entered the political spectrum in early 1990, but by June 1991 was the most powerful political force in the nation. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Cambio... Logo The Center Front (Frente de Centro) is a Peruvian political coalition formed by parties Acción Popular (AP), Somos Perú (SP) and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes (CNI) for the 2006 national election. ... The Popular Action (Acción Popular) is a conservative liberal party in Peru. ... We are Peru (Somos Perú) is a political party in Peru. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      National... Possible Peru (Spanish: Perú Posible) is a Peruvian political party. ... National Restoration (Restauración Nacional) is a Peruvian political party, that contends in the 2006 national election. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Independent Moralizing Front (Spanish: Frente Independiente Moralizador) is a Peruvian political party. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      National... Logo Socialist Party of Peru (in Spanish: Partido Socialista del Perú), a political party in Peru. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. Union for Peru List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provincial... FAI symbol Broad Left Front (in Spanish: Frente Amplio de Izquierda), often just referred to as Frente Amplio, is a coalition of leftist parties and movements in Peru. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Go... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Logo... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... The Agricultural Peoples Front of Pery (Frente Popular Agrícola del Perú) is a political party in Peru. ... Andean Renaissance (Renacimiento Andino) is a political party in Peru. ... CFP Party Logo With Force Peru (Spanish: Con Fuerza Perú) is a Peruvian political party founded on March 1995. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      The... Project Country (Proyecto País) is a political party in Peru. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Peruvian... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      And... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Electoral system Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties APRA List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Provincial Municipalities Districtal Municipalities Other countries Atlas  Politics Portal      Let...

Judicial branch

The judicial branch of government is headed by a 16-member Supreme Court seated in Lima. The National Council of the Judiciary appoints judges to this court. The supreme court functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be challenged, in some countries, provinces and states. ... For other uses, see Lima (disambiguation). ...

The Constitutional Court (Tribunal Constitucional) interprets the constitution on matters of individual rights. Superior courts in departmental capitals review appeals from decisions by lower courts. Courts of first instance are located in provincial capitals and are divided into civil, penal, and special chambers. The judiciary has created several temporary specialized courts in an attempt to reduce the large backlog of cases pending final court action.

Peru's legal system is based on civil law system. Peru has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction. In 1996 a human rights ombudsman's office (defensor del pueblo) was created to address human rights issues. The International Court of Justice (known colloquially as the World Court or ICJ; French: ) is the primary judicial organ of the United Nations. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... An ombudsman (English plural: ombudsmans or ombudsmen) is an official, usually (but not always) appointed by the government or by parliament, who is charged with representing the interests of the public by investigating and addressing complaints reported by individual citizens. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ...

Administrative divisions

Peru's territory, according to the Regionalization Law which was passed on 18 November 2002, is divided into 25 regions (regiones). These regions are subdivided into provinces, which are composed of districts. There are a total of 180 provinces and 1747 districts in Peru. is the 322nd day of the year (323rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... Look up Region in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A province is a territorial unit, almost always a country subdivision. ... Local government areas called districts are used, or have been used, in several countries. ...

Lima Province is not part of any political region. Lima Province is located in the central coast of Peru and is the only province in the country not belonging to any of the twenty-five regions. ...

Amazonas is a region in northern Peru. ... See other Peruvian regions President Ricardo Narváez Soto Capital Huaraz Largest city Chimbote Area 35,039. ... See other Peruvian regions President Luis Barra Capital Abancay Area 20,895. ... Arequipa is a region in southwestern Peru. ... Ayacucho is a region of Peru, located in the south-central Andes of the country. ... Cajamarca is a department in Peru. ... See other Peruvian regions President Alexander Kouri Bumachar Capital Callao Area 146. ... See other Peruvian regions President Carlos R. Cuaresma Capital Cusco Area 71,986. ... Huancavelica is a department in Peru. ... Huánuco is a region in central Peru. ... Ica is a region in Peru. ... Junín is a region in the central highlands of Peru. ... La Libertad is a region in northwestern Peru. ... Lambayeque is a region in northwestern Peru, known for its rich Chimú and Moche historical past. ... The Lima Region, also known as Lima Provincias, is one of twenty-five regions in Peru. ... See other Peruvian regions President Robinson Rivadeneira Capital Iquitos Area 368,851. ... Madre de Dios is a region in southeastern Peru, bordering Brazil, Bolivia and the Peruvian regions of Puno, Cusco and Ucayali. ... Moquegua is one of the 25 regions of Peru. ... Pasco is a department in Peru. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... See other Peruvian regions President David Jiménez Sardón Capital Puno Largest city Juliaca Area 71,999 km² Population   - Total   - Density 1 297 103 (2004 estimate) 18. ... San Martín is a region in Peru. ... Tacna is Perus southernmost region. ... Tumbes is a coastal region in northwestern Peru. ... Categories: Stub | Departments of Peru ...

Political pressure groups and leaders

Leftist guerrilla groups include Shining Path Abimael Guzmán (imprisoned), Gabriel Macario (top leader at-large); Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or MRTA Victor Polay (imprisoned), Hugo Avellaneda Valdez (top leader at-large). Both Shining Path & MRTA are considered terrorist organizations. The Communist Party of Peru (Spanish: El Partido Comunista del Perú), more commonly known as the Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso), is a Maoist guerrilla organization in Peru that launched the internal conflict in Peru in 1980. ... Guzmán as a prisoner Manuel Rubén Abimael Guzmán Reynoso, also known by his nom de guerre Presidente Gonzalo (English: President Gonzalo), a former professor of philosophy, was the leader of the Maoist insurgency often referred coloquially to as Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso in Spanish). ... Comrade Artemio is the alias of the man believed by many to be the current leader of the Shining Path, a Maoist guerrilla group in Peru. ... The Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement or Movimiento Revolucionario Túpac Amaru (MRTA) was an insurgent guerrilla movement active in Peru from 1984 to 1997. ... Víctor Polay Campos (born April 6, 1951) is one of the founders of the Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement, a Peruvian guerrilla organization that fought in the internal conflict in Peru. ... Terrorist redirects here. ...

International organization participation

Peru or Peruvian organizations participate in the following international organizations:

• Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
• Andean Community of Nations (CAN)
• Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
• Group of Fifteen (G-15)
• Group of Twenty-Four (G-24)
• Group of 77 (G-77)
• Inter-American Development Bank (IADB)
• International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)
• International Criminal Court (ICC)
• International Chamber of Commerce (ICC)
• International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU)
• International Red Cross
• International Development Association (IDA)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD)
• International Finance Corporation (IFC)
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS)
• International Hydrographic Organization (IHO)
• International Labour Organization (ILO)
• IMF, International Maritime Organization (IMO)
• Interpol
• IOC
• International Organization for Migration (IOM)
• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (correspondent)
• International Telecommunication Union (ITU)
• Latin American Economic System (LAES)
• Latin American Integration Association (LAIA)
• United Nations Organization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUC)
• Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
• OAS
• Agency for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPANAL)
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA)
• Rio Group (RG)
• Union of South American Nations(Unasul-Unasur)
• United Nations
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
• United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE)
• United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL)
• Universal Postal Union (UPU)
• World Confederation of Labor (WCL)
• World Customs Organization (WCO)
• World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU)
• World Health Organization (WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization (WMO)
• World Tourism Organization (WToO)
• World Trade Organization (WTrO)

APEC redirects here. ... The Andean Community of Nations (in Spanish: Comunidad Andina de Naciones, abbreviated CAN) is a trade bloc comprising the South American countries of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela (which is in the process of leaving the bloc). ... The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... G15 countries. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... The Inter-American Development Bank (preferred abbreviation: IDB; but frequently given as IADB), was established in 1959 to support Latin American and Caribbean economic/social development and regional integration by lending mainly to public institutions. ... The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to inhibit its use for military purposes. ... The World Bank logo The World Bank (the Bank) is a part of the World Bank Group (WBG), is a bank that makes loans to developing countries for development programs with the stated goal of reducing poverty. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... Official logo of the ICC. The International Criminal Court (ICC) was established in 2002 as a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, crime of aggression, and war crimes, as defined by several international agreements, most prominently the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. ... The International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) is an international organization that works to promote and support global trade and globalization. ... Claiming 157 million members in 225 affiliated organisations in 148 countries and territories, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) came into being on December 7, 1949 following a split within the World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU). ... Red Cross redirects here. ... The International Development Association (IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) is an intergovernmental international organization established in 1921. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues. ... IMF redirects here. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Stamp The International Olympic Committee (French: Comité International Olympique) is an organization based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin and Demetrios Vikelas on June 23, 1894. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. ... “ISO” redirects here. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union internationale des télécommunications, Spanish: Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... The Latin American Economic System, officially known as Sistema Económico Latinoamericano (SELA), is an organization founded in 1975 to promote economic cooperation and social development between Latin American countries. ... The Asociación Latinoamericana de Integración (the Latin American Integration Association; known as ALADI or, occasionally, by the English acronym LAIA) is a Latin American trade integration association, based in Montevideo. ... MONUC peacekeepers MONUC is a French acronym for Mission de l Organisation des Nations unies en République démocratique du Congo, in English: Mission of the United Nations (UN) in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... Headquarters Washington, D.C. Official languages English, French, Spanish, Portuguese Membership 35 countries Leaders  -  Secretary General José Miguel Insulza (since 26 May 2005) Establishment  -  Charter first signed 30 April 1948 in effect 1 December 1951  Website http://www. ... United Nations Secretary-General U Thant, 1969 The Treaty of Tlatelolco is the conventional name given to the Treaty for the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in Latin America and the Caribbean. ... The Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) is an agency of the United Nations. ... The Permanent Court of Arbitration (PCA), also known as the Hague Tribunal is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands. ... The Rio Group is an international organization of Latin American states. ... Pro Tempore Secretariat Brasília Official languages 4 Spanish Portuguese English Dutch Member states 12 Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador Guyana Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela Leaders  -  President Rodrigo Borja  -  Tempore Secretary Jorge Taunay Filho Formation  -  Cuzco Declaration 8 December 2004  Area  -  Total 17,715,335 km² (1st2)  sq... UN and U.N. redirect here. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1945. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The United Nations Mission in Ethiopia and Eritrea (UNMEE) was originally formed to monitor a ceasefire in the border war that began in 1998 between Ethiopia and Eritrea. ... UNMIL is the acronym for the United Nations Mission in Liberia, a peace-keeping force for Liberia, which was established by Resolution 1509 of the United Nations Security Council in 2003. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Confederation of Labour was founded in 1920 under the name of the International Federation of Christian Trade Unions as a confederation of unions associated with the Christian Democratic parties of Europe. ... The World Customs Organization (WCO) is an intergovernmental organization that helps Members (currently Customs administrations from 169 countries) communicate and co-operate on customs issues. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... “WHO” redirects here. ... The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) (French: Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle or OMPI) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... WMO flag The World Meteorological Organization (WMO, French: , OMM) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 188 Member States and Territories. ... World Tourism Organization Building in Madrid The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. ... “WTO” redirects here. ...

See also

Image File history File links Flag_of_Peru_(state). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... 3000 BC - 1800 BC: Norte Chico 900 BC - 200 BC: Chavín 300 BC - AD 1480 Moche, Chimu 300 BC - AD 800 Nazca_culture 300 - 1100 Tiwanaku 500 - 1000 Huari 1100 - 1572: Inca Empire 1532 - 1572: Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire 1542 - 1821: Viceroyalty of Peru 1836 - 1839: Peru-Bolivian... The map of the Tahuantinsuyo An Andean bronze bottle made by Chimú artisans from circa 1300 A.D. The Stele from the Chavin Culture, Ancash, Peru Moche pottery, Lambayeque, Peru (Image © PROMPERU, used with permission) The Tiahuanaco Gate of the Sun, Puno, Peru An Andean bronze bottle made by Chim... Capital Cusco 1197-1533 Vilcabamba 1533-1572 Language(s) Quechua, Aymara, Jaqi family, Mochic and scores of smaller languages. ... There lies Peru with its riches; Here, Panama and its poverty. ... Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru (in Spanish, Virreinato del Perú) contained most of Spanish-ruled South America until the creation of the separate viceroyalties of New Granada (now Colombia, Ecuador, Panamá and Venezuela, the last-named previously in the Viceroyalty of New Spain) in 1717 and Río... The economic crisis favored the indigenous rebellion from 1780 to 1781. ... Combatants Republic of Peru Republic of Bolivia Republic of Chile Commanders Juan Buendía Andrés Cáceres Miguel Grau Manuel Baquedano Patricio Lynch Juan Williams Strength Peru-Bolivian Army 7,000 soldiers in 1878 Peruvian Navy 2 ironclad, 1 corvette, 1 gunboat Army of Chile 4,000 soldiers in... Colombia-Peru War theater of operations. ... Combatants Republic of Peru Republic of Ecuador Commanders Gen. ... Combatants Republic of Peru Shining Path Túpac Amaru Revolutionary Movement Commanders Fernando Belaúnde Terry Alan García Alberto Fujimori Abimael Guzmán Óscar Ramírez Comrade ArtemioVíctor Polay Nestor Cerpa Cartolini It has been estimated that nearly 70,000 people died in the internal conflict in Peru... The demographic history of Peru can be reconstructed through the population censuses carried out throughout the history of Peru. ... // Inca economy was mainly agricultural, although it reached some animal husbandry and mining development. ... This is a list of cities in Peru. ... Safe zone in case of an earthquake. ... This is a list of mountains in Peru. ... Peruvian Physiographic Regions When the Spanish arrived, they divided Peru (because of political reasons) in three main regions: the Coastal region, that is bounded by the Pacific Ocean; the Highlands, that is located on the Andean Heights, and the Jungle, that is located on the Amazonian Jungle. ... This is a list of rivers that are at least partially in Peru. ... The Subdivisions of Peru have changed from time to time, since the nation gained independence from Spain in the early 19th century. ... In October 1998, Peru and Ecuador signed a peace accord which definitively resolved border differences which had, over the years, resulted in armed conflict. ... The Judicial System of Peru usually known as the Judicial Power in Peru, is an organism of the government of the Republic of Peru composed of a hierarchic organization of institutions, that excersice equal justice to all people. ... The national police force in Perú is called Policía Nacional del Perú or PNP. They are the state police force, but serve many of the same roles in the cities that local police forces assume in other countries, such as traffic control at intersections. ... According to the Peruvian Constitution and nationality legislation passed in 1996 as well as an executive order declared in 1997, Peruvian nationality can be passed by birth via jus soli or by registration if born overseas and duly registered at a Peruvian embassy or consulate before the child reaches 18... Political parties in Peru lists political parties in Peru. ... The American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA) also known as the Partido Aprista Peruano (Peruvian Aprista Party) is a Peruvian left-wing social democratic political party. ... Union for Peru (Spanish: Unión por el Perú) was originally a liberal or centrist political party in Peru. ... National Unity (Spanish: Unidad Nacional) is a Peruvian political party. ... Logo Alliance for the Future (Alianza por el Futuro) is a Peruvian political alliance formed by pro-Fujimori parties Cambio 90 and Nueva Mayoría for the 2006 national election. ... A lawsuit is a civil action brought before a court in order to recover a right, obtain damages for an injury, obtain an injunction to prevent an injury, or obtain a declaratory judgment to prevent future legal disputes. ... Peru Possible (Spanish: Perú Posible) is a Peruvian political party. ... Judicial System Supreme Court of the Republic Superior Courts of Justice Courts of First Instance Courts of Peace Elections Presidential elections National elections Peruvian Constituent Assembly elections, 1978 Political Parties A.P.R.A. List of political parties in Peru Region & Local government Regional Governments Governors Provinces, Cities, and Districts... Elections in Peru provides information pertaining to the election process and the results of Peruvian presidencial elections. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require rewriting and/or reformatting. ... Ajegroup Alicorp Banco de Credito del Peru Cementos Lima Cemento Pacasmayo Empresa Nacional de Ferrocarriles del Peru Wong (supermarket) Saga Falabella Telefonica del Peru Category: ... The Culture of Peru was shaped by the relationship between Hispanic and Amerindian cultures. ... Machu Picchu is a worldwide known example of peruvian architecture. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Peruvian cuisine is usually considered one of the most diverse in the world and is on par with French, Chinese and Indian cuisine. ... Almost half of all Peruvians are Amerindian, or 45 percent of the total population. ... In the history of Peruvian literature, the oral indigenous tradition and the technical resources of writing (incorporated by Spaniards) converge in each other. ... Peruvian music is an amalgamation of sounds and styles drawing on the Perus Andean musical roots and Spanish musical influences. ... This is an incomplete list of public holidays in Peru. ... This is a list of famous Peruvians. ... The following are international rankings of Peru. ... Binomial name (Linnaeus, 1758) The llama (Lama glama) is a South American camelid, widely used as a pack animal by the Incas[1] and other natives of the Andes mountains. ... View of Machu Picchu Machu Picchu (sometimes called the Lost City of the Inca) is a well preserved Pre-Columbian town located on a high mountain ridge (at an elevation of about 6,750 feet) above the Urubamba valley in modern-day Peru. ...

External links

• Center for Reproductive Rights Report (PDF format)
• Council on Foreign Relations: Peru's Elections
• Local governments in Peru
• Peru's 2006 Elections
• Peru's 2006 Elections
• Peru's Political Situation and Debate Forum
• Public Opinion in Peru