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Somalia

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of Somalia Image File history File links Current_event_marker. ... Highlights The so-called iTunes Law, which Apple has called state-sponsored piracy, is approved by the French Parliament (coat of arms pictured). ... Image File history File links Coat_of_arms_of_Somalia. ...

Transitional Federal Charter Executive Transitional Federal Government President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed Prime Minister of Somalia Ali Mohammed Ghedi Ministry of Defense Barre Adan Shire Hiiraale Military of Somalia Ministry of Interior Mohamoud Mohamed Gacmodhere Legislative Transitional Federal Parliament List of MPs Judiciary Judiciary of Somalia States Puntland Southwestern Somalia See also: Politics of Somaliland The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February 2004 in Nairobi, Kenya. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ... List of the Heads of Government of Somalia (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Political Affiliations SNL - Somali National League SRSP - Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party SYL - Somali Youth League USC - United Somali Congress Mil - Military n-p - Non-partisan See also History of Somalia Presidents of Somalia... Ali Mohammed Ghedi Ali Mohammed Ghedi or Mohammed Ali Ghedi (Somali: ; born 1952) is the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia. ... Main article: Military of Somalia The Ministry of Defense of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of the Somali Republic is the government body in charge of the TFG armed forces // The Somali National Army (SNA) had dissolved after the downfall of the government of Siad Barre in the early 1990s. ... Barre Aadan Shire Barre Adan Shire (Somali: ), also known as Barre Hiiraale is the Minister of Defense of the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) which was formed in Nairobi, Kenya in 2004. ... The Somali National Army was made up of the army, navy, air force, and air defense command. ... Dr Mohamed Sheikh Mohamud Guled (Gacmadheere) — also Mohamed Mohamud Guled (Gamadere), Mohamoud Mohamed Gacmodhere, or Gaamo Dhere— is currently Somalias Interior Minister[1], and formerly the Minister of Public Works and Housing; his portfolio was swapped on February 7, 2007, with that of Hussein Mohamed Farah Aidid. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ... The List of selected members of the Somali Transitional Federal Parliament was first published on August 29, 2004. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box:      In law, the judiciary or judicial is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... The Judiciary of Somalia as defined by the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC) began its formative stages in early 2007 with the swearing in of the first jurists recognized by the Transitional Federal Government (TFG). ... The term state may refer to: a sovereign political entity, see state unitary state nation state a non-sovereign political entity, see state (non-sovereign). ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Politics of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President as head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Regions Districts Elections Political parties Foreign relations Human Rights

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The politics of Somalia are defined by the state of civil war which, since 1991, has divided the country into various warring entities and autonomist and seccessionist regions. One area in the northwest, Somaliland, forms a stable although internationally unrecognized de facto sovereign state. For information on its politics, see Politics of Somaliland. The regions (gobolka) of Somalia are (capitals in parentheses): Awdal (*) (Baki) Bakool (Oddur) Banaadir (Mogadishu) Bari (Bender Cassim) Bay (Baidoa) Galguduud (Dusa Mareb) Gedo (Garbahaarey) Hiraan (Beledweyne) Jubbada Dhexe (Buaale) Jubbada Hoose (Kismaayo) Mudug (Galcaio) Nugaal (Garoowe) Sanaag (*) (Erigavo) Saaxil (*) (Berbera) Shabeellaha Dhexe (Giohar) Shabeellaha Hoose (Merca) Sool (*) (Laascaanood... The regions of Somalia are subdivided into 75 districts. ... Elections in Somalia gives information on election and election results in Somalia. ... Political parties in Somalia lists political parties in Somalia. ... Somalias only major international dispute is with Ethiopia over the Ogaden. ... Although a transitional government was established in 2000 at the Djibouti Conference, Somalia has not had a central government since President Mohamed Siad Barre fled the country in 1991. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... A civil war is a war in which parties within the same culture, society or nationality fight against each other for the control of political power. ... For other uses, see Secession (disambiguation). ... Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic... Diplomatic recognition is the act in which a states government is formally recognized by another state as being legitimate. ... The Politics of Somaliland take place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, with the President as head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

At the beginning of 2007 Somalia was consolidating under the Transitional Federal Government (TFG), which recently completed a military campaign against the Islamic Court Union (ICU). The TFG is supported by the United Nations. Until recently, it governed out of an administrative capital in Baidoa. In the last days of 2006, forces of the transitional government supported by Ethiopian forces ousted the ICU from Mogadishu. Peace keeping forces from the African Union are expected to support the transitional government in its bid to control the country. 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... The Islamic Court Union (ICU, Arabic: اتحاد المحاكم الإسلامية) also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, is a group of Islamic leaders banded together in a self-appointed court system with Sheikh Sharif Ahmed as overall leader. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Baidoa (Somali: Baydhabo) is a city in south-central Somalia, situated 256 kilometers (159 miles) by road northwest of the capital Mogadishu. ... Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar; Arabic: ‎ ; Italian: ), is the largest city in Somalia, and its nominal capital. ... Anthem: Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together Capital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Membership 53 member states Official languages The languages of Africa, as well as Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Formation - As Organisation of African Unity - As AU - May 25, 1963 - July 9, 2002 Chairman of the African Union John...

During the war against the ICU, the autonomous states of Puntland, Jubaland, Southwestern Somalia and Galmudug had closely aligned themselves with the TFG and the supporting Ethiopian forces. The term state may refer to: a sovereign political entity, see state unitary state nation state a non-sovereign political entity, see state (non-sovereign). ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... Jubaland (also Jubbaland, Trans-Juba, It: Oltre Giuba) is the southwesternmost part of Somalia, on the far side of the Jubba River (thus the trans- name), bordering on Kenya. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Motto: None Anthem: Somalia Tosow Capital (and largest city) Galcayo Official languages Somali and English Government  - President Mohamed Warsame Ali Autonomy Part of Federated Somalia   - Declared August 14, 2006   - Recognition self-elected state autonomy  Area  - Total 100,000 km² (not ranked) ~40,000 sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ...

Somalia became a united independent state on 1 July 1960 upon the merger of British Somaliland, which had become independent from the British five days earlier on 26 June 1960 and Italian Somaliland, which became independent from the Italian-administered United Nations trusteeship on 1 July to form the Somali Republic. The territory that was once British Somaliland is the area that now forms Somaliland. July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... The British Somaliland was a British protectorate in the north part of the Horn of Africa, and later part of Somalia and presently the unrecognized Republic of Somaliland. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... Italian Somaliland was an Italian colony that lasted, apart from a brief interlude of British rule, from the late 19th century until 1960 in the territory of the modern-day East African nation of Somalia. ... The United Nations Trusteeship Council, one of the principal organs of the United Nations, was established to help ensure that non-self-governing territories were administered in the best interests of the inhabitants and of international peace and security. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ...

Political overview

Political Situation of lands inhabited by Somalis, January 12, 2007

Somalia had no central functioning government following the United Somali Congress (USC) ouster of Major General Mohamed Siad Barre on January 27, 1991. The political situation of the Somali Civil War has been marked by chaos, interclan fighting, random banditry, internecine warfare between proto-governments and resistance to the state apparently consistent with the stateless capitalist ideal. The breakaway states such as Somaliland and Puntland put together functional regional governance. In the rest of the country there are a wide range of semi-functional governments and anarchic conditions under various warlords. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1400x1512, 90 KB) Political Situation in Somalia as of January 12th 2007 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Somalia Greater Somalia War in Somalia (2006–present) ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1400x1512, 90 KB) Political Situation in Somalia as of January 12th 2007 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Somalia Greater Somalia War in Somalia (2006–present) ... January 12 is the 12th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... The United Somali Congress is a politico-military organization in Somalia based around the Habr Gidr clan (itself part of the larger Hawiye clan). ... Mohamed Siad Barre (Somali: Maxamed Siyaad Barre) (1919 – January 2, 1995) was the Head of State of Somalia from 1969 to 1991. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988. ... Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ...

In 2000, the international community recognised the Transitional National Government, originally headed by Abdulkassim Salat Hassan, as the government for the entire country. The government only recently was able to enter the capital because of the violence (see Fall of Mogadishu). The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (Somali: ; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... Abdiqasim Salad Hassan (Somali: Cabdiqaasim Salaad Xasan) (born 1941) is a former de jure president of the internationally-recognised government of Somalia, the Transitional National Government. ... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Foreign fighters Transitional Federal Government Ethiopia[1][2] The Fall of Mogadishu began on December 27, 2006, when the militaries of Somalias United Nations-approved Transitional Federal Government and Ethiopia surrounded the Somalian capital of Mogadishu after a swift string of TFG...

On October 14, 2004 Somali members of parliament elected warlord Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, previously president of Puntland, to be the next president. He appointed a cabinet led by Prime Minister Ali Mohamed Ghedi. Because of the situation in Mogadishu, the election was held in a sports centre in Nairobi, Kenya. Yusuf was elected transitional President by Somalia's transitional parliament. He won 189 of the 275 votes from members of parliament. The session of Parliament was also held in neighbouring Kenya. His government is recognized by most western nations as legitimate, although his actual authority is still limited. October 14 is the 287th day of the year (288th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A Member of Parliament, or MP, is a representative elected by the voters of an electoral district to a parliament; in the Westminster system, specifically to the lower house. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ... Ali Mohammed Ghedi Ali Mohammed Ghedi or Mohammed Ali Ghedi (Somali: ) (born 1951) is the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia. ... Nairobi (pronounced ) is the capital city of Kenya. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ...

Many other small political organizations exist, some clan-based, others seeking a Somalia free from clan-based politics (such as the United Somali Front). Many of them have come into existence since the new president was chosen.

On June 5, 2006, the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) defeated the Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) in the Second Battle of Mogadishu, bringing the ICU to power in the capital. The ICU took control of much of southern Somalia, with the goal of resorting law and order and instituting Islamic sharia law. Talks between the ICU and the TFG did not lead to reconciliation or settlement^[1]. In September 2006, a proposal by the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development and the African Union to introduce an 8,000 strong peacekeeping force into Somalia was rejected by the ICU (see IGASOM). Islamist leaders threatened to turn the country into a graveyard for foreign solders should peacekeepers be introduced.^[2] June 5 is the 156th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (157th in leap years), with 209 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized... The Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism (ARPCT) is a Somali alliance made by powerfull warlords and businesspeople, while some of them were ministers in the transitional federal government of Somalia. ... Combatants Alliance for the Restoration of Peace and Counter-Terrorism Militia loyal to the Islamic Court Union Commanders Mohamed Qanyare, Muse Sudi, Nuur Daqle Sheikh Sharif Ahmed Strength unknown unknown Casualties unknown unknown The Second Battle of Mogadishu was a battle fought for control of Mogadishu, the capital city of... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ... September 2006 is the ninth month of 2006 and has begun on a Friday. ... The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a seven-country regional development organization in East Africa. ... Anthem: Let Us All Unite and Celebrate Together Capital Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Membership 53 member states Official languages The languages of Africa, as well as Arabic, English, French, and Portuguese Formation - As Organisation of African Unity - As AU - May 25, 1963 - July 9, 2002 Chairman of the African Union John... The IGAD Peace Support Mission to Somalia or IGASOM, is an Intergovernmental Authority on Development regional peacekeeping force to Somalia which was approved by the African Union on September 14, 2006. ...

The Transitional Federal Government has ambassadors in a few countries, including but not limited to Arab League states such as Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Egypt and Libya. It also represents Somalia in the United Nations, the Organization of African Unity (OAU), the Arab League, IGAD, and other multilateral organizations. The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: ‎), is an organization of predominately Arab states (compare Arab world). ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: ‎), is an organization of predominately Arab states (compare Arab world). ... The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a seven-country regional development organization in Eastern Africa. ...

Until the start of 2007 the Islamic Courts Union operated a government in Mogadishu, after consolidating power from factions of warlords that previously shared control. The UIC leaders are Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, head of the executive committee, and Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, head of Shura. The USA accuses Aweys and other ICU leaders of links with terrorism. The ICU introduced order in a previously chaotic situation. It operated Sharia Islamic law. After the UIC oust, order is maintained largely by Ethiopian troops, as the transitional government does not command sufficient forces. Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized... Mogadishu (Somali: Muqdisho, popularly Xamar; Arabic: ‎ ; Italian: ), is the largest city in Somalia, and its nominal capital. ... Sheikh Sharif Ahmed (born January 1964) is the leader of the Islamic Court Union (ICU), which currently controls Somalias capital of Mogadishu. ... Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, age 71[1], is the head of the 90-member shura council of the Islamic Courts Union of Somalia. ... Shura is an Arabic word for consultation. It is believed to be the method by which pre-Islamic Arabian tribes selected leaders and made major decisions. ... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ...

The Transitional Federal Government is not a liberal democracy because it operates not from a Constitution, but from its authority outlined in the Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic which was ratified by the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP) comprised of mostly de facto powers, such as warlords and other closely selected representatives. There were no general elections for parliament. The Parliment also elected President Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed; he was not elected by popular vote. The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Transitional Federal Charter of the Somali Republic, or TFC is the principle organizing document of the Somali Republic, written and approved in February 2004 in Nairobi, Kenya. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ... This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ...

Politics since 1991

The flag of Somaliland

In the wake of the collapse of the Somali Government in 1991, factions organized around military leaders took control of Somalia, a form of government referred to as warlordism. The resulting chaos and loss of life provided the context for the international intervention led by the United Nations and the United States (see UNOSOM I, UNITAF and UNOSOM II). Because of local resistance to external interference, culminating in the First Battle of Mogadishu, UN operations in Somalia were curtailed, then finally withdrawn in 1995. Image File history File links Flag_of_Somaliland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Somaliland. ... German Emperors bore the title of Warlord (German: Kriegsherr), sometimes as a formal label of honour, sometimes in grim earnest. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... Operation Provide Relief (UNOSOM I) was a United Nation (UN) sponsored effort to provide humanitarian relief for the people of Somalia who were facing a severe famine, initiated and exacerbated by the ongoing Somoli civil war. ... On December 3, 1992 the UN Security Council Resolution 794 was unanimously passed, creating the Unified Task Force (UNITAF), which was to work in coordination with UNOSOM. This was an unprecedented resolution because it authorized Member States to “use all necessary means to establish as soon as possible a secure... Operation Restore Hope was an American military operation with the support of the United Nations which was formed to deliver humanitarian aid and restore order to the African nation of Somalia which was suffering from a severe famine, general anarchy, and domination by a number of warlords following the collapse... Combatants USSOF, UNOSOM II Somali National Alliance-affiliated militias Commanders William F. Garrison Mohamed Farrah Aidid Strength 160 2,000+ Casualties U.S. 18 killed 73 wounded 1 captured Malaysia 1 killed 7 wounded Pakistan 2 wounded Militia and civilians 1,000+ killed 3,000+ wounded Task Force Ranger achieved...

Main article: Factions in the Somali Civil War

Since 1991, there have been fourteen efforts at national reconciliation; to date, none has been successful.^[3] Various groupings of Somali factions have sought to control the national territory (or portions thereof) and have fought small wars with one another. Over the course of the Somali Civil War, there have been many revolutionary movements and militia groups run by competing warlords which have held de facto control over vast areas of the country. ...

In comparison to the rest of Somalia, Somaliland has been rather stable. Mohamed Ibrahim Egal was selected by elders in 1991 as President of the Republic of Somaliland, which is made up of the former northwest provinces of the republic. Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic... Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal (or Maxamed Xaaji Ibraahim Cigaal) (b. ... President is a title held by many leaders of organizations, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic...

The flag of Puntland, Jubaland, and the Transitional Federal Government

Neighboring Puntland also moved tentatively toward a recognized, elected government. In February 1996, the EU agreed to finance the reconstruction of the port of Berbera; other aid projects were also assumed by the EU and by an Italian non-governmental organization. Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... Jubaland (also Jubbaland, Trans-Juba, It: Oltre Giuba) is the southwesternmost part of Somalia, on the far side of the Jubba River (thus the trans- name), bordering on Kenya. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... NGO is an abbreviation or code for: Non-governmental organization Nagoya Airport (IATA code) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In 1998, the area of Puntland in the northeast declared itself autonomous (although not independent) as the State of Puntland, with its capital at Garowe. Puntland declared it would remain autonomous until a federated Somalia state was established. Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, Puntland’s original president, ruled until mid-2001. In November 2001, a convention of elders, in a process disputed by Abdullahi, selected Col. Jama Ali Jama to succeed him. Forces loyal to Abdullahi, who had retreated to Galkayo, attacked Garowe in November, resulting in a de facto division of Puntland. As many as 30 other factions vie for some degree of authority in the country. Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... Garōwe, also spelled Garoowe and Garowe, is the capital city of Puntland, Somalia. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Gaalkacyo is the second largest city in Puntland, Somalia, with an estimated population of 190,000. ... Garōwe, also spelled Garoowe and Garowe, is the capital city of Puntland, Somalia. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): Puntland Somalian National Anthem Capital Garowe Largest city Bosaso Official language(s) Somali and Arabic Government  - President Mohamud Muse Hersi  - Vice-President Hasan Dahir Independence From Somalia   - Declared 1998   - Recognition none  Area  - Total ~250,000 km² (not ranked) n/a sq mi   - Water (%) Negl. ...

The flag of Southwestern Somalia

Main article: Disarmament in Somalia

Efforts at mediation of the Somali internal dispute have been undertaken by many regional states. In the mid-1990s, Ethiopia played host to several Somali peace conferences and initiated talks at the Ethiopian city of Sodere, which led to some degree of agreement between competing factions. The Governments of Egypt, Yemen, Kenya, and Italy also have attempted to bring the Somali factions together. In 1997, the Organization of African Unity and the Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) gave Ethiopia the mandate to pursue Somali reconciliation. In 2000, Djibouti hosted a major reconciliation conference (the 13th such effort), which in August resulted in creation of the Transitional National Government, with a 3-year mandate to pursue national reconciliation. In early 2002, Kenya organized a further reconciliation effort under IGAD auspices. Image File history File links Flag_of_Southwestern_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Southwestern_Somalia. ... A technical in Somalia after the Fall of Mogadishu, December, 2006 Further information: Diplomatic and humanitarian efforts in the Somali Civil War After the Fall of Mogadishu and Kismayo to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia, in late 2006, the country took steps to disarm the militias of the... // Mediation comprises an act of bringing two states, sides or parties in a dispute closer together toward agreement through alternative dispute resolution (ADR), a dialogue in which a (generally) neutral third party, the mediator, using appropriate techniques, assists two or more parties to help them negotiate an agreement, with concrete... Sodere is a spa town in the Oromia region of Ethiopia. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a seven-country regional development organization in Eastern Africa. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (Somali: ; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ...

On October 10, 2004, the Transitional Federal Parliament elected Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed, president of Puntland, to be the next President and formed a new Transitional Federal Government. Because of the situation in Mogadishu, the election was held in a sports centre in Nairobi, Kenya. The government located for a time to Baidoa. It has suffered internal crises, such as ministers quiting and a no confidence vote, but has survived. October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... Nairobi (pronounced ) is the capital city of Kenya. ... Baidoa (Somali: Baydhabo) is a city in south-central Somalia, situated 256 kilometers (159 miles) by road northwest of the capital Mogadishu. ...

The flag of the Supreme Islamic Courts Council

Main articles: Rise of the Islamic Courts Union (2006) and War in Somalia (2006–present)

In 2006 there emerged the Islamic Courts Union, supported by local businessmen who wanted to reclaim the country from factions of warlords, which effectively ruled it. Sharia Islamic law was briefly enforced in areas controlled by the Islamic Courts Union. They steadily widened the area they controlled and stopped just short of Baidoa, where the transitional government with support by Ethiopia managed to check their advance. Subsequent fighting resulted in the complete oust of the UIC. Image File history File links Somalia_Islamic_Courts_Flag. ... Image File history File links Somalia_Islamic_Courts_Flag. ... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist Militias Alleged: Eritrea Foreign Jihadists ARPCT, comprising Various Warlords Transitional Federal Government Puntland Autonomous Region Rahanweyn Resistance Army Ethiopia[1] Alleged:  Uganda[2] Commanders Muhammad Ibraheem Bilal Hasan Hersi Turki Yusuf Siad Inda-Addeh Mukhtar Robow Adan Ayrow Barre Adan Shire Hirale (Jubaland), Abdi... Combatants Islamic Courts Union Pro-Islamist militias Alleged:  Eritrea Foreign Mujahideen Transitional Government of Somalia  Ethiopia Puntland Galmudug Alleged:  Uganda[1] Maritime Patrol: United States [2][3] Commanders Hassan Aweys Sharif Ahmed Hasan Hersi Adan Ayrow Barre Adan Shire Hirale Abdi Qeybdid Adde Musa (Puntland) Meles Zenawi Strength 10,000... Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized... Sharia (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic law. ...

The absence of a functioning central government in Somalia since 1991 has allowed outside forces to become more influential by supporting various groups and persons in Somalia. Djibouti, Eritrea, and Arab states have supported the Transitional Federal Government but, following the emergence of the Islamic Courts Union, and the intercession of its regional rival, Ethiopia, Eritrea switched support.

Ethiopia has provided political support to Somaliland and for a time assisted a group of southern warlords organized as the Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC), which opposed the TFG. The warlords were also supported by the United States. Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic... Warlords may refer to: The plural of Warlord, a name for a figure who has military authority but not legal authority over a subnational region. ... The Somalia Reconciliation and Restoration Council (abbreviated SRRC) was a political movement, as well as an armed militia, founded by Hussein Mohamed Farrah Aidid, son of the late warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid. ...

Ethiopia and the United States strongly opposed the Islamic Courts Union and both now support the nascent federal government. Ethiopian forces are located throughout southern and central Somalia, including the capital Mogadishu.

Executive branch

Further information: Transitional Federal Government

The Transitional Federal Parliament is an interim parliament of Somalia formed in neighbouring Kenya in 2004. ... This page contains a list of the Presidents of Somalia. ... It has been suggested that 2006 Abdullahi Yusuf Ahmed assassination attempt be merged into this article or section. ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years). ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... List of the Heads of Government of Somalia (Dates in italics indicate de facto continuation of office) Political Affiliations SNL - Somali National League SRSP - Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party SYL - Somali Youth League USC - United Somali Congress Mil - Military n-p - Non-partisan See also History of Somalia Presidents of Somalia... Ali Mohammed Ghedi Ali Mohammed Ghedi or Mohammed Ali Ghedi (Somali: ; born 1952) is the Prime Minister of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia. ... November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Motto: none Anthem: none Capital formerly Mogadishu and Kismayu Largest city n/a Official languages Somali and Arabic Government Sharia Krytocracy  - Executive Chairman Sharif Sheikh Ahmed  - Shura Chairman Hassan Dahir Aweys Civil War Faction Has not declared autonomy or independence   - Established June 6th 2006 in Mogadishu  Area  - Total not finalized... Sheikh Sharif Ahmed (born January 1964) is the leader of the Islamic Court Union (ICU), which currently controls Somalias capital of Mogadishu. ... Shura is an Arabic word for consultation. It is believed to be the method by which pre-Islamic Arabian tribes selected leaders and made major decisions. ... Sheikh Hassan Dahir Aweys, age 71[1], is the head of the 90-member shura council of the Islamic Courts Union of Somalia. ...

Legislative branch

Further information: Transitional Federal Parliament

The Transitional Federal Parliament has 275 members, with each of Somalia's four major clans getting 61 seats in the parliament, while an alliance of minority clans was awarded 31 seats. The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ... The Transitional Federal Parliament is the parliament of Somalia. ...

Political parties and elections

Main article: List of political parties in Somalia

Main article: Elections in Somalia

Political parties in Somalia lists political parties in Somalia. ... Elections in Somalia gives information on election and election results in Somalia. ...

Administrative divisions

Somalia is divided in 18 regions (plural - NA, singular - gobolka); Awdal, Bakool, Banaadir, Bari, Bay, Galguduud, Gedo, Hiiraan, Jubbada Dhexe, Jubbada Hoose, Mudug, Nugaal, Sanaag, Shabeellaha Dhexe, Shabeellaha Hoose, Sool, Togdheer, Woqooyi Galbeed. The North-Western regions seceded as Somaliland Awdal is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Bakool is a region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ... Is is in Banadircounty where Mogadishu stand. ... Location within Italy Bari is the capital of the province of Bari and of the Apulia (or Puglia) region, on the Adriatic sea, in Italy. ... Bay is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Location of Gedo in Somalia Gedo is also the stage name of Japanese professional wrestler Keiji Takayama, and the name of a fictional high school in the film Battlefield Baseball Gedo (Somali: Gedo; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in southwestern Somalia. ... Hiiraan (Somali: Hiiraan; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ... Categories: Stub | Regions of Somalia ... Jubbada Hoose is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ... Location of Mudug in Somalia Mudug (Somali: Mudug; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in central Somalia. ... The Horn of Africa as seen from the NASA Space Shuttle, in May of 1993. ... Location of Sanaag in Somaliland/Somalia Sanaag (Somali: Sanaag; Arabic: سناغ‎ Sanāgh) is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Shabeellaha Dhexe, also Central Shabele is a region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ... Location of Shabeellaha Hoose in Somalia Lower Shabele (Somali: Shabeellaha Hoose; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in southern Somalia. ... Location of Sool in Somaliland/Somalia Sool (Somali: Sool; Arabic: ‎ ) is an administrative region (gobolka) in northern Somalia and is claimed by the two self-proclaimed, but internationally unrecognized, states of Somaliland and Puntland, its ruled by Puntland. ... Togdheer is a region (gobolka) in Somalia. ... Woqooyi Galbeed is a region (gobolka) in northern Somalia. ... Motto: لا إله إلا الله محمد رسول الله  (Arabic) Lā ilāhā illā-llāhu; muhammadun rasÅ«lu-llāhi  (transliteration) There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah And also : Justice, Peace, Freedom, Democracy and Success for All Anthem: Saamo ku waar Capital Hargeisa (1941-1960, 1991 - present) Official languages Somali, Arabic...

International organization participation

Somalia is member of ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ITU, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO (observer) ACP States The ACP States are the countries that are signatories of the Lomé Convention. ... The African Development Bank (ADB) is a development bank established in 1964 with the intention of States dollar|$]]47. ... The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development, or AFESD, is a Kuwait based, pan-Arab development finance institute. ... The Arab League or League of Arab States (Arabic: ‎), is an organization of predominately Arab states (compare Arab world). ... The Council of Arab Economic Unity (CAEU) was established in 3 June 1957, and became effective 30 May 1964, with the ultimate goal of achieving complete economic unity among its member states. ... The United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA or ECA) was established in 1958 to encourage economic cooperation among its member states (the nations of the African continent). ... The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. ... link titlelink titlelink titlelink titlelink title--210. ... Logo of the World Bank The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of the five institutions consisting the World Bank Group. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The Red Cross and the Red Crescent emblems, the symbols from which the Movement derives its name. ... The International Development Association (IDA) created on September 24, 1960, is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. ... Islamic Development Bank (also known as IDB), is a multilateral development financing institution. ... The International Fund for Agricultural Development is an agency of the United Nations. ... The International Finance Corporation (IFC) promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries as a way to reduce poverty and improve peoples lives. ... The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) is an international humanitarian organisation, often better known as the Red Cross or the Red Crescent. ... The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) is a seven-country regional development organization in East Africa. ... The International Labour Organization (ILO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations to deal with labour issues. ... The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by observing exchange rates and balance of payments, as well as offering financial and technical assistance when requested. ... Headquarters of the International Maritime Organisation in Lambeth, adjacent to the east end of Lambeth Bridge Headquarters building taken from the west side of the Thames Headquartered in London, U.K., the International Maritime Organization (IMO) promotes cooperation among governments and the shipping industry to improve maritime safety and to... Intelsat is the worlds largest commercial satellite communications services provider. ... This article is about the International Criminal Police Organization - Interpol. ... Bold textralf is gay IOC redirects here. ... The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. ... The International Telecommunication Union (ITU; French: Union internationale des télécommunications, Spanish: Unión Internacional de Telecomunicaciones) is an international organization established to standardize and regulate international radio and telecommunications. ... The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ... Flag of the Organisation of African Unity, later also used by the African Union. ... The flag of the Organization of the Islamic Conference (OIC) OIC redirects here. ... The foundation of the U.N. The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate co-operation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress and human rights issues. ... The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) was established in 1963 as a permanent intergovernmental body, UNCTAD is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment and development issues. ... UNESCO logo The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations system established in 1946. ... Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) (established December 14, 1950) protects and supports refugees at the request of a government or the United Nations and assists in their return or resettlement. ... United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) is an agency of the United Nations with the mission of helping countries pursue sustainable industrial development, it is a specialist in industrial affairs. ... The Universal Postal Union (UPU, French: Union postale universelle) is an international organization that coordinates postal policies between member nations, and hence the world-wide postal system. ... The World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) was established in the wake of the Second World War to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations. ... The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ... Headquarters in Geneva The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. ... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... WTO redirects here. ...

See also

• Somali Civil War
• Factions in the Somali Civil War
• Kritarchy

The Somali Civil War is an armed conflict in Somalia that started in 1988. ... Over the course of the Somali Civil War, there have been many revolutionary movements and militia groups run by competing warlords which have held de facto control over vast areas of the country. ... Kritarchy is a form of government ruled by judges and is based on natural rights. ...

References

For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... September 7 is the 250th day of the year (251st in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... October 2006 is the tenth month of that year and has yet to occur. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... January 9 is the 9th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• BBC Country Profile for Somalia
• report about Somalian Economy (perhaps dated)