NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Politics of Turkey

Politics of Turkey takes place in a framework of a secular parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Turkey is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the Grand National Assembly of Turkey. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature. Its current constitution was adopted on November 7, 1982 after a period of military rule, and enshrines the principle of secularism. Presidential flag of Turkey. ... There have been ten Presidents of the Republic of Turkey since its inception. ... Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born September 13, 1941 in Afyonkarahisar) is the tenth and current President of the Republic of Turkey. ... This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ... Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan (born February 26, 1954), became the Prime Minister of Turkey on March 14, 2003. ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... BÃ¼lent ArÄ±nÃ§ (1948) is a Turkish politician and the 22nd Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey. ... Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. ... Elections in Turkey gives information on election and election results in Turkey. ... The 11th President of Turkey will be elected by the Turkish Grand National Assembly in late April and early May 2007 onwards (in at most four rounds of voting to be held on 27 April 2007, 2 May 2007, 9 May 2007 and 15 May 2007[1]), before Ahmet Necdet... Turkeys 16th general election is scheduled to be held on 22 July 2007. ... Foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey are primarily with the Western world and its neigboring countries. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The National Security Council (Milli GÃ¼venlik Kurulu (MGK) in Turkish) is a powerful body that unites the top civilian and military leaders, and issues â€˜recommendationsâ€™ to the government upon all matters vaguely defined as touching on the security of the state of the Turkish Republic. ... It has been suggested that Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey be merged into this article or section. ... // Since the establishment of the republic in 1923, there has been a strong tradition of secularism in Turkey. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ... The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilÃ§eler; sing. ... Below each region you will find associated Cities with the region. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... George Jacob Holyoake (1817-1906), British writer who coined the term secularism. ... A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in U.S. English), is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... Representative democracy is a form of democracy founded on the exercise of popular sovereignty by the peoples representatives. ... in particular, for the archaizing senses of republic, as a translation of politeia or res publica Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: A republic is a form of government maintained by a state or country whose sovereignty is based on popular consent and whose... This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... Under the doctrine of the separation of powers, the executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law. ... A legislature is a governmental deliberative body with the power to adopt laws. ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... The Politics series Politics Portal This box: In law, the judiciary or judicial is the system of courts which administer justice in the name of the sovereign or state, a mechanism for the resolution of disputes. ... is the 311th day of the year (312th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

Turkey's political system is based on a separation of powers. Its constitution is called Anayasa or Constitution.

Executive branch

The function of Head of State is performed by the President (Cumhurbaşkanı). A president is elected every seven years by the Grand National Assembly. The President does not have to be a member of parliament. The current President Ahmet Necdet Sezer, was elected by Parliament on May 16, 2000. Executive power rests in the Prime Minister (Başbakan) and the Council of Ministers (Bakanlar Kurulu). The Ministers don't have to be members of Parliament (eg. Kemal Derviş). The Prime Minister is elected by the parliament through a vote of confidence in his government. The Prime Minister is Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, whose Islamic conservative AKP won a majority of parliamentary seats in the 2002 general elections. The Chairman of the Parliament is Bülent Arınç from the same party. The current President of the Constitutional Court is Tülay Tugcu. She is the first woman to become the President of the Constitutional Court. The Chief of Staff of the Turkish military is Yaşar Büyükanıt. There have been ten Presidents of the Republic of Turkey since its inception. ... Ahmet Necdet Sezer (born September 13, 1941 in Afyonkarahisar) is the tenth and current President of the Republic of Turkey. ... May 16 is the 136th day of the year (137th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ... Kemal DerviÅŸ is a Turkish economist and politician. ... Recep Tayyip ErdoÄŸan (born February 26, 1954), became the Prime Minister of Turkey on March 14, 2003. ... The Justice and Development Party (Turkish: Adalet ve KalkÄ±nma Partisi or AKP, or AK Parti[1]) is a right-wing, moderately conservative Turkish political party. ... Turkeys 15th general election was held two years early on Sunday 3 November 2002, following the collapse of the DSP-MHP-ANAP coalition led by BÃ¼lent Ecevit. ... BÃ¼lent ArÄ±nÃ§ (1948) is a Turkish politician and the 22nd Speaker of the Parliament of Turkey. ... General Mehmet YaÅŸar BÃ¼yÃ¼kanÄ±t (born 1940 in Istanbul) is the commander of the Turkish Land Forces. ...

Legislative branch

Legislative power is invested in the 550-seat Grand National Assembly of Turkey (Türkiye Büyük Millet Meclisi), representing 81 provinces. The members are elected for a five year term by mitigated proportional representation with an election threshold of 10%. To be represented in Parliament, a party must win at least 10% of the national vote in a national parliamentary election. Independent candidates may run, and to be elected, they must only win 10% of the vote in the province from which they are running. The Turkish military plays an informal political role, seeing itself as the guardian of the secular, unitary nature of the republic. Political parties deemed anti-secular or separatist by the judiciary can be banned. Turkey has a multi-party system, with several strong parties. A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... Proportional representation (sometimes referred to as full representation, or PR), is a category of electoral formula aiming at a close match between the percentage of votes that groups of candidates (grouped by a certain measure) obtain in elections and the percentage of seats they receive (usually in legislative assemblies). ... In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to get any seats in the parliament. ... Political separatism is a movement to obtain sovereignty and split a territory or group of people (usually a people with a distinctive national consciousness) from one another (or one nation from another; a colony from the metropolis). ... A multi-party system is a type of party system. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ...

Political principles of importance in Turkey

The Turkish Constitution and most mainstream political parties are built on the following principles:

Other political ideas have also influenced Turkish politics and modern history. Of particular importance are: Motto of the French republic on the tympanum of a church, in Aups (Var dÃ©partement) which was installed after the 1905 law on the Separation of the State and the Church. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

These principles are the continuum around which various - and often rapidly changing - political parties and groups have campaigned (and sometimes fought). Capitalism generally refers to an economic system in which the means of production are mostly privately[1] owned and operated for profit, and in which investments, distribution, income, production and pricing of goods and services are determined through the operation of a free market. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Islamic fundamentalism is a religious ideology which advocates literalistic interpretations of the sacred texts of Islam, Sharia law, and an Islamic State. ... The Kurdistan Workers Party (Kurdish: Partiya KarkerÃªn Kurdistan or PKK), also known as KADEK and Kongra-Gel, is a militant organization, dedicated to creating an independent Kurdish state in a territory (sometimes referenced as Kurdistan) that consists of parts of southeastern Turkey, northeastern Iraq, northeastern Syria and northwestern Iran. ... Turkic peoples listed geographically. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...

Political parties and elections

Since 1950, parliamentary politics has been dominated by conservative parties. Even the ruling AKP, although its core cadres root from the Islamist current, tends to identify itself with the "tradition" of DP. The leftist parties, most notable of which is CHP, with a stable electorate, draw much of their support from big cities, coastal regions, professional middle-class, and minority groups such as Alevis and Kurds. A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in Turkey gives information on election and election results in Turkey. ... Year 1950 (MCML) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article deals with conservatism as a political philosophy. ... The Justice and Development Party (Turkish: Adalet ve KalkÄ±nma Partisi or AKP, or AK Parti[1]) is a right-wing, moderately conservative Turkish political party. ... Islamism is a political ideology derived from the conservative religious views of Muslim fundamentalism. ... The Democratic Party (Demokrat Parti) was a Turkish moderately right wing political party, and the countrys second legal opposition party. ... In politics, left-wing, political left, leftism, or simply the left, are terms which refer (with no particular precision) to the segment of the political spectrum typically associated with any of several strains of socialism, social democracy, or liberalism (especially in the American sense of the word), or with opposition... The Republican Peoples Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi or CHP) is the oldest Turkish political party, which has established the Republican regime and the parliament in Turkey. ... In politics, an electorate is the group of people entitled to vote in an election. ... The middle class, in colloquial usage, consists of those people who have a degree of economic independence, but not a great deal of social influence or power. ... Alevis or Alevi-Bektashis (Kurdish: Alevi, Turkish: Aleviler or Alevilik) are a religious community in Turkey, and they make up some 20% of the population of the country. ... Kurds are one of the Iranian peoples and speak Kurdish, a north-Western Iranian language related to Persian. ...

is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... The Justice and Development Party (Turkish: Adalet ve KalkÄ±nma Partisi or AKP, or AK Parti[1]) is a right-wing, moderately conservative Turkish political party. ... The Republican Peoples Party (Turkish: Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi or CHP) is the oldest Turkish political party, which has established the Republican regime and the parliament in Turkey. ... The True Path Party (Turkish: Dogru Yol Partisi or DYP) is a right-wing, secularist conservative Turkish political party, established by Suleyman Demirel in 1983. ... The Nationalist Movement Party (also translated as Nationalist Action Party) (MilliyetÃ§i Hareket Partisi (MHP)), is a far-right nationalist political party in Turkey. ... The Youth Party (Genç Parti) is a nationalist, protectionist political party in Turkey. ... The Democratic Peoples Party (Demokratik Halk Partisi, DEHAP) was a left-wing, pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey. ... The Motherland Party of Turkey, (Turkish: Anavatan Partisi or ANAP) is a political party in Turkey. ... Saadet Partisi The Felicity Party (Saadet Partisi) is a Turkish political party of strongly Islamist views, often seen as the main voice of sensitive Muslims in Turkey. ... The Democratic Left Party (Turkish: Demokratik Sol Parti, DSP) is a Turkish political party. ... Yeni Türkiye Partisi (Turkish for New Turkey Party) is a political party in Turkey. ... The Great Union Party (Büyük Birlik Partisi) is afar-right nationalist, Islamist political party in Turkey. ... This August 2006 needs to be wikified. ... Workers Party (Turkey) (in Turkish: Ä°ÅŸÃ§i Partisi) is a left-wing maoist political party in Turkey led by DoÄu PerinÃ§ek. ... The Independent Turkey Party (Turkish: BaÄŸÄ±msÄ±z TÃ¼rkiye Partisi, abbreviated BTP) is a nationalist and Islamic political party founded in 25 September 2001 by Prof Dr. Haydar BaÅŸ. The party flag is red with a white crescent surrounded with a ring of white stars. ... This article is about the political party, for the web directory abbreviated ODP see Open Directory Project. ... The Liberal Democratic Party (Liberal Demokrat Parti) is a liberal party in Turkey. ... TKP demonstrators at the EU summit in Thessaloniki 2003 TKP symbol TKP is a party, which critically embraces the entire legacy of the leftist and revolutionary movement in Turkey. ... Fazilet Partisi Virtue Party (Turkish: Fazilet Partisi) was a political party in Turkey. ... The Democratic Peoples Party (Demokratik Halk Partisi, DEHAP) was a left-wing, pro-Kurdish political party in Turkey. ...

Judicial branch

The freedom and independence of the Judicial System is protected within the constitution. There is no organization, person, or institution which can interfere in the running of the courts, and the executive and legislative structures must obey the courts' decisions. The courts, which are independent in discharging their duties, must explain each ruling on the basis of the provisions of the Constitution, the laws, jurisprudence, and their personal convictions. // Constitutional Court Administrative Justice Regional Administrative Courts Administarive Courts Haciz Courts Military Justice Criminal Justice Uyusmazlik Court Categories: Articles to be expanded ...

The Judicial system is highly structured. Turkish courts have no jury system; judges render decisions after establishing the facts in each case based on evidence presented by lawyers and prosecutors. For minor civil complaints and offenses, justices of the peace take the case. This court has a single judge. It has jurisdiction over misdemeanors and petty crimes, with penalties ranging from small fines to brief prison sentences. Three-judge courts of first instance have jurisdiction over major civil suits and serious crimes. Any conviction in a criminal case can be taken to a court of Appeals for judicial review.

All courts are open to the public. When a case is closed to the public, the court has to publish the reason. Judge and prosecution structures are secured by the constitution. Except with their own consent, no judge or prosecutor can be dismissed, have his/her powers restricted, or be forced to retire. However, the retirement age restrictions do apply. The child courts have their own structure.

A judge can be audited for misconduct only with the Ministry of Justice's permission, in which case a special task force of justice experts and senior judges is formed.

The High Council of Judges and Public Prosecutors is the principal body charged with responsibility for ensuring judicial integrity, and determines professional judges acceptance and court assignments. Turkey's prime minister, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, is still in head of the High Council.

Turkey is adapting a new national "Judicial Networking System" (UYAP). The court decisions and documents (case info, expert reports, etc) will be accessible via the Internet.

Turkey accepts the European Court of Human Rights' decisions as a higher court decision. Turkey also accepts as legally binding any decisions on international agreements. European Court of Human Rights building in Strasbourg The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), often referred to informally as the Strasbourg Court, was created to systematise the hearing of human rights complaints against States Parties to the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, adopted by...

Factor of the military

Since Mustafa Kemal Atatürk founded the modern secular Republic of Turkey in 1923, the Turkish military has perceived itself as the guardian of Kemalism, the official state ideology, even though Atatürk himself insisted on separating the military from politics. The Turkish Armed Forces still maintains an important degree of influence over Turkish politics and the decision making process regarding issues related to Turkish national security, albeit decreased in the past decades, via the National Security Council. â€œMustafa Kemalâ€ redirects here. ... Mustafa Kemal Atatürk Mustafa Kemal Atatürk (1881 – November 10, 1938), Turkish soldier and statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Turkish Armed Forces (TAF) (Turkish: TÃ¼rk SilahlÄ± Kuvvetleri (TSK)) consists of the Army, the Navy (includes Naval Air and Naval Infantry) and the Air Force. ... The National Security Council (Milli GÃ¼venlik Kurulu (MGK) in Turkish) is a powerful body that unites the top civilian and military leaders, and issues â€˜recommendationsâ€™ to the government upon all matters vaguely defined as touching on the security of the state of the Turkish Republic. ...

The military has had a record of intervening in politics. Indeed, it assumed power for several periods in the latter half of the 20th century. It executed coup d'etats in 1960, 1971, and 1980. Most recently, it maneuvered the removal of an Islamic-oriented president, Necmettin Erbakan, in 1997. [1] A coup détat, or simply a coup, is the sudden overthrow of a government, usually done by a small group that just replaces the top power figures. ... Necmettin Erbakan (born October 29, 1926) is a Turkish engineer, academician, politician, political party leader and prime minister of Turkey between 1996 and 1997. ...

In April 27, 2007, in advance of the November 4, 2007 presidential election, and in reaction to the politics of the ruling Justice and Development Party, which has the majority of seats in the parliament, the army issued a statement of its interests. It said that the army is a party in "arguments" over secularism. Its statement closed with a veiled warning that the Turkish Armed Forces stood ready to intercede in politics, "The Turkish Armed Forces maintain their sound determination to carry out their duties stemming from laws to protect the unchangeable characteristics of the Republic of Turkey. Their loyalty to this determination is absolute." [2] [3] The name Justice and Development Party is used by a number of political parties, including Justice and Development Party (Morocco) Justice and Development Party (Turkey) See also: List of political parties. ... George Jacob Holyoake (1817-1906), British writer who coined the term secularism. ...

See also

v • d • e

Politics of Europe

Albania · Andorra · Armenia² · Austria · Azerbaijan⁴ · Belarus · Belgium · Bosnia and Herzegovina · Bulgaria · Croatia · Cyprus² · Czech Republic · Denmark · Estonia · Finland · France · Georgia⁴ · Germany · Greece · Hungary · Iceland · Ireland · Italy · Kazakhstan¹ · Latvia · Liechtenstein · Lithuania · Luxembourg · Republic of Macedonia · Malta · Moldova · Monaco · Montenegro · Netherlands · Norway · Poland · Portugal · Romania · Russia¹ · San Marino · Serbia · Slovakia · Slovenia · Spain · Sweden · Switzerland · Turkey¹ · Ukraine · United Kingdom · Vatican City Following is a list of speakers of the Parliament of Turkey. ... Following is a list of Ministers of Foreign Affairs of Turkey. ... This is a list of Turkey-related articles. ... This is a list of notable Turkish people, both historic and contemporary, either by occupation or achievement. ... This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... â€œTurkishnessâ€ redirects here. ... The People of Turkey covers the changes to Turkish people during the 20th century. ... Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk Mustafa Kemal AtatÃ¼rk (1881â€“November 10, 1938), Turkish army officer, revolutionary, and anti-imperialist statesman, was the founder and first President of the Republic of Turkey. ... Mustafa Ä°smet Ä°nÃ¶nÃ¼ (September 24, 1884â€“December 25, 1973) was a Turkish soldier, statesman and the second President of Turkey. ... Mustafa BÃ¼lent Ecevit (May 28, 1925â€“November 5, 2006; pronounced ), was a Turkish politician, poet, writer and journalist. ... Turkey is a successor state of the Ottoman Empire, a multi-ethnic empire consolidated by gradual conquest during medieval and early modern times (1300-1700). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Anatolian beyliks (also Turkmen beyliks, TevÃ¢if-i mÃ¼lÃ»k (in Ottoman Turkish) were small Turkish emirates or muslim principalities (beylik) governed by tribal beys, which were founded in several locations of Anatolia as of the end of the 13th century. ... Motto Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299â€“1326) Bursa (1326â€“65) Edirne (1365â€“1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453â€“1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â€“1326 Osman I - 1918â€“22 Mehmed VI... In the late 13th century the Seljuq empire had collapsed and Anatolia was divided into many small states. ... This article is in need of attention. ... The Battle of Vienna of 1683 was the real point at which the Empire began its decline. ... Graphical timeline Decline of the Ottoman Empire covers the military and political events between 1828 to 1908. ... This article describes the process of dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, in particular its final years in the early part of the 20th century. ... History of Turkey redirects here. ... Combatants Turkish Revolutionaries Soviet Union[1][2][3] United Kingdom Greece France Armenia Ottoman Empire Georgia Commanders Mustafa Kemal Ä°smet Ä°nÃ¶nÃ¼ KazÄ±m Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy Fevzi Ã‡akmak George Milne Henri Gouraud Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan SÃ¼leyman Åžefik Pasha The Turkish War of Independence... AtatÃ¼rk, modern Turkeys founder and first President The history of modern Turkey begins with the foundation of the republic on October 29, 1923 (the Republic was declared on January 20, 1921), with Mustafa Kemal (AtatÃ¼rk) as its first president. ... This page summarizes the history after the Multi-party period. ... The Military history of Turkey is a listing of ancient or previous history of military actions or information. ... // Over the centuries, Turkey has had many constitutions and can be caracterized by the steady establishment of a nation-state, democratization and internationalisation. ... At the time of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire (see Economy of the Ottoman Empire) during World War I, the Turkish economy was underdeveloped: agriculture depended on outmoded techniques and poor-quality livestock, and the few factories producing basic products such as sugar and flour were under foreign control. ... A graphical timeline is available here: History of the Republic of Turkey // The wearing of the turban and the fez, a traditional Ottoman hat, is outlawed. ... Presidential flag of Turkey. ... This is a chronological list of every government formed by the Prime Ministers of the Republic of Turkey. ... The Grand National Assembly (TÃ¼rkiye BÃ¼yÃ¼k Millet Meclisi in Turkish) is the unicameral parliament of Turkey which carries out legislative functions. ... Political parties in Turkey lists political parties in Turkey. ... Elections in Turkey gives information on election and election results in Turkey. ... Because of geopolitical reasons, foreign relations of the Republic of Turkey are primarily with the Western world and its neighboring countries. ... // Since the establishment of the republic in 1923, there has been a strong tradition of secularism in Turkey. ... // Overview Part Four, Section Two of the Turkish Constitution has established the Constitutional Court of Turkey that statutes on the conformity of laws and decrees to the Constitution, and it can be seized by the President of the Republic, the government, the members of Parliament or any judge before whom... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... â€” Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal Tourism in Turkey is focused largely on a variety of archaeological and historical sites, and on seaside resorts along its Aegean and Mediterranean coasts. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Î‘Î½Î±Ï„Î¿Î»Î¯Î± - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... Below each region you will find associated Cities with the region. ... Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ... The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilÃ§eler; sing. ... This is a list of cities in Turkey by population (according to the 2000 census). ... Combination of nature and history in Kekova bay near Antalya View of KuÅŸadasÄ± from bird island. ... Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal This is a list of companies from Turkey. ... // BayÄ±ndÄ±rbank A.Åž. Albaraka Turk Arap TÃ¼rk BankasÄ± A.Åž. BankEuropa BankasÄ± A.Åž. Kuveyt TÃ¼rk BankasÄ± A.Åž. Citibank A.Åž. Deutsche Bank A.Åž. Fortis Bank A.Åž. HSBC Bank A.Åž. ABN AMRO Bank N.V. Banca di Roma S.P.A. Bank Mellat Habib Bank Limited J P Morgan Chase... On 31 December 1995 the customs union between Turkey and the European Union came into effect. ... Other Turkish Topics Culture - Education Geography - History - Politics Turkey Portal The Southeastern Anatolia Project (Turkish: GÃ¼neydoÄŸu Anadolu Projesi, GAP) is a multi-sector integrated regional development project based on the concept of sustainable development for the 9 million people [1] living in a region. ... TRY banknotes and coins The Turkish new lira is the current currency of Turkey and of the de facto state Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. ... As of 2005, the population of Turkey stood at 72. ... Turkish (, ) is a language spoken by 65â€“73 million people worldwide, predominantly in Turkey, with smaller communities of speakers in Cyprus, Greece and Eastern Europe, as well as by several million immigrants in Western Europe, particularly Germany, making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey be merged into this article or section. ... Traditional Turkish coffee The culture of Turkey is a diverse one, derived from various elements of the Ottoman Empire, European, and the Islamic traditions. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Turkish art is a term referring to the visual arts and plastic arts (often including architecture, woodwork, textiles and ceramics) originating from the geographical area of what is present day Turkey. ... Turkish cuisine inherited its Ottoman heritage which could be described as a fusion and refinement of Turkic, Arabic, Greek and Persian cuisines. ... Turkish dances include Halay, Zeybek, Horon, and Karsilama. ... More than 100 festivals are held in Turkey every year. ... Ahi Evren Ahriyan Al Basti Alaturbi Ancomah Bardi Cazi GermakoÃ§i Karakoncolos Karakura Kolot Tavara // Breaking vine In Trabzon region folklore (Ã‡arÅŸÄ±baÅŸi town) For testing whether the new bride is propitious, when she comes to the house, she is asked to break a vine from three points and... The official holidays in Turkey are established by the Act 2429 of March 19, 1981 that replaced the Act 2739 of May 27, 1935. ... A page from the DÃ®vÃ¢n-Ä± FuzÃ»lÃ®, the collected poems of the 16th-century Ottoman poet FuzÃ»lÃ® Turkish literature (Turkish: TÃ¼rk edebiyatÄ± or TÃ¼rk yazÄ±nÄ±) is the collection of written and oral texts composed in the Turkish language, either in its Ottoman form or... History (Timeline and Samples) Genres: Alternative - Classical - Dance - Folk - Hip hop - Jazz - Military - Ottoman - Opera - Pop - Religious - Rock Music awards Kral Music & Video Awards - MÃœ-YAP Industry Awards - MGD Celebrity Awards Charts MTV TÃ¼rkiye - Billboard Charts Annual festivals Istanbul International Music Festival - Istanbul International Jazz Festival - Izmir European Jazz... Turkish theatre can be observed under two main titles: Traditional Turkish theatre and Westernized Turkish theatre. ... This is a list of radio stations in Turkey. ... The Republic of Turkey is one of the states that do not have an official coat of arms. ... The flag of Turkey consists of a white crescent moon and a star on a red background. ... The Ä°stiklÃ¢l MarÅŸÄ± (i. ... This article deals with the politics of the European continent. ... Politics of the Republic of Macedonia: From the CIA World Factbook 2000/2001, partially updated Country name: conventional long form: The Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia conventional short form: none local long form: Republika Makedonija local short form: Makedonija abbreviation: F.Y.R.O.M. Data code: MK Government type... Politics of Montenegro will undergo rapid change since its independence. ... Politics of Serbia and Montenegro takes place in a framework of a federal parliamentary republic, with a multi-party system. ...

Dependencies, autonomies, and other territories
Abkhazia⁴ · Adjara² · Akrotiri and Dhekelia · Åland · Azores · Crimea · Faroe Islands · Gagauzia · Gibraltar · Guernsey · Jan Mayen · Jersey · Kosovo · Man, Isle of · Madeira⁵ · Nagorno-Karabakh² · Nakhchivan² · South Ossetia⁴ · Svalbard · Transnistria · Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus^2, 3 A dependent territory, dependent area or dependency is a territory that does not possess full political independence or sovereignty as a State. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Types of administrative and/or political territories include: A legally administered territory, which is a non-sovereign geographic area that has come under the authority of another government. ... Abkhazia (Abkhaz: Аҧсны/Apsny, Georgian: აფხაზეთი/Apkhazeti, Russian: Абха́зия) is a region of 8,600 km² in the Caucasus. ... Politics of the Ã…land Islands takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic autonomous, demilitarised and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland, whereby the LantrÃ¥d is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Motto ÐŸÑ€Ð¾Ñ†Ð²ÐµÑ‚Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ Ð² ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ð½ÑÑ‚Ð²Ðµ(Russian) Protsvetanie v edinstve(transliteration) Prosperity in unity Anthem ÐÐ¸Ð²Ñ‹ Ð¸ Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ñ‹ Ñ‚Ð²Ð¾Ð¸ Ð²Ð¾Ð»ÑˆÐµÐ±Ð½Ñ‹, Ð Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð½Ð°(Russian) Nivy i gory tvoi volshebny, Rodina(transliteration) Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) with respect to Ukraine (light blue). ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Ngorno Karabakh is region of Azerbaijan, currently under Armenian occupation with 7 more regions around. ... The Republic of South Ossetia is not a territorially contiguous entity. ... Politics of Transnistria, a de facto independent region of the Republic of Moldova in Eastern Europe, takes place in a framework of a presidential republic, whereby the President of Transnistria is both head of state and head of government. ... Politics of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is head of state and the Prime Minister head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

¹ Has significant territory in Asia. ² Entirely in West Asia, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. ³ Only recognised by Turkey. ⁴ Partially or entirely in Asia, depending on the definition of the border between Europe and Asia. ⁵ Entirely in the African Plate, but considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons. A transcontinental country is a country belonging to more than one continent. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... A map showing Southwest Asia - The term Middle East is more often used to refer to both Southwest Asia and some North African countries Southwest Asia, or West Asia, is the southwestern part of Asia. ... The African plate, shown in pinkish-orange The African Plate is a tectonic plate covering the continent of Africa and extending westward to the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. ...

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