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Encyclopedia > Politics of global warming
Energy Portal

The politics of global warming looks at the current political issues relating to global warming, as well as the historical rise of global warming as a political issue. Image File history File links Portal. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1850 to 2006 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and the projected...


Note: although this may include some discussion of the science involved, the details of the scientific issues are to be found elsewhere (see e.g. global warming). The primary focus is the political aspect of the mitigation of global warming. Global mean surface temperatures 1850 to 2006 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and the projected... Global carbon dioxide emissions 1800–2000 Global average surface temperature 1850 to 2006 Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. ...

Contents

Political sphere

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) is an international environmental treaty produced at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), informally known as the Earth Summit, held in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. ... The European Climate Change Programme (ECCP) was launched in June 2000 by the European Unions European Commission. ... Official G8 2005 Portrait. ...

Political alignment and global warming

In most English-speaking countries, support for action to mitigate global warming, such as ratification and implementation of the Kyoto Protocol is strong on the political left. In some countries the political right are fighting on a platform of taking tough action against global warming[1], while in others the political right either dispute the scientific consensus on global warming or oppose action to mitigate global warming, instead favoring adaption.[citation needed] All European countries have ratified the Kyoto Protocol, and all have supported strong reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ... Pronouncements Various prominent bodies have commented on global warming, most notably the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). ... Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ...

  • In the United States, a February 2007 survey found that 95% of the 41 Congressional Democrats surveyed agreed "it's been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the Earth is warming because of man-made problems" while only 13% of the 31 Republicans surveyed agreed.[2]

The Australian is a national daily broadsheet newspaper published by Rupert Murdochs News Corporation. ... This article deals with The Daily Telegraph in Britain, see The Daily Telegraph (Australia) for the Australian publication The Daily Telegraph is a British broadsheet newspaper founded in 1855. ... The National Post is a major Canadian English-language national newspaper based in Don Mills, Ontario, a district of Toronto. ...

United States

Federal government

The United States, although a signatory to the Kyoto Protocol, has neither ratified nor withdrawn from the protocol — though their one-time representative, Condoleezza Rice, remarked that the Protocol was "unacceptable" at the time it was presented to her.[citation needed] The protocol is non-binding over the United States unless ratified. The current President, George W. Bush, has indicated that he does not intend to submit the treaty for ratification, not because he does not support the general idea, but because of the strain he believes the treaty would put on the economy; he emphasizes the uncertainties he asserts are present in the climate change issue.[5] Ratification is the process of adopting an international treaty, or a constitution or other nationally binding document (such as an amendment to a constitution) by the agreement of multiple subnational entities. ... Condoleezza Rice (born November 14, 1954) is the 66th United States Secretary of State, and the second in the administration of President George W. Bush to hold the office. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...


In October 2003, the Pentagon published a report titled An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security by Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall. The authors conclude by stating that "this report suggests that, because of the potentially dire consequences, the risk of abrupt climate change, although uncertain and quite possibly small, should be elevated beyond a scientific debate to a U.S. national security concern."[3] This article is about the United States military building. ... Peter Schwartz is the cofounder and chairman of Global Business Network (a partner of the Monitor Group), a company based in Emeryville, California that works to help big companies think about the future. ...


In June 2005, US State Department papers showed the administration thanking Exxon executives for the company's "active involvement" in helping to determine climate change policy, including the U.S. stance on Kyoto. Input from the business lobby group Global Climate Coalition was also a factor. [6] The United States Department of State, often referred to as the State Department, is the Cabinet-level foreign affairs agency of the United States government, equivalent to foreign ministries in other countries. ... Exxon logo Exxon is a brand of fuel sold by ExxonMobil. ... The Global Climate Coalition was a group of mainly United States businesses opposing immediate action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. ...


From 1989 to 2005, oil and gas industries gave $179.5 million to U.S. federal candidates and parties. [4] In October 2003 and again in June 2005, the McCain-Lieberman Climate Stewardship Act failed a vote in the US Senate.[7]. In the 2005 vote, Republicans opposed the Bill 49-6, while Democrats supported it 37-10. [5]. The Climate Stewardship Act (S. 139, H.R. 4067) was an environmental bill with United States Senator John McCain (R-AZ) and Sen. ...


In January 2007, Democratic House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced she would form a United States Congress subcommittee to examine global warming.[6] The US government announced that it was withdrawing funding from the lobby groups it had been supporting that aimed to discount the evidence for global warming.[citation needed] Democracy is a form of government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of government lies, ultimately, with the citizenry. ... The term Speaker is usually the title given to the presiding officer of a countrys lower house of parliament or congress (ie: the House of Commons or House of Representatives). ... Nancy Patricia DAlesandro Pelosi (born March 26, 1940) is currently the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives. ... Type Bicameral Houses Senate House of Representatives President of the Senate President pro tempore Dick Cheney, (R) since January 20, 2001 Robert C. Byrd, (D) since January 4, 2007 Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi, (D) since January 4, 2007 Members 535 plus 4 Delegates and 1 Resident Commissioner Political...


Sen. Joe Lieberman said, "I'm hot to get something done. It's hard not to conclude that the politics of global warming has changed and a new consensus for action is emerging and it is a bipartisan consensus." [8] Joseph Isadore Joe Lieberman (born February 24, 1942) is an American politician from Connecticut. ...


See also Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate. The Asia-Pacific Partnership for Clean Development and Climate is an international non-treaty agreement between Australia, India, Japan, the Peoples Republic of China, South Korea, and the United States announced July 28, 2005 at an Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) Regional Forum meeting and launched on...


The Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007 was introduced by Senators Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Barbara Boxer (D-CA) on January 15, 2007. The measure would provide funding for R&D on geologic sequestration of carbon dioxide, set emissions standards for new vehicles and a renewable fuels requirement for gasoline beginning in 2016, establish energy efficiency and renewable portfolio standards beginning in 2008 and low-carbon electric generation standards beginning in 2016 for electric utilities, and require periodic evaluations by the National Academy of Sciences to determine whether emissions targets are adequate.[7] The Global Warming Pollution Reduction Act of 2007 (S. 309) was proposed in the 110th United States Congress by Senators Bernie Sanders (I-VT) and Barbara Boxer (D-CA) on January 15, 2007. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Politics Portal      The United States Senate is one of the two chambers of the bicameral United States Congress, the... Bernard Bernie Sanders (born September 8, 1941) is the current big willy floppah junior United States Senator from big blob of brown poo Vermont. ... Barbara Levy Boxer (born November 11, 1940) is an American politician and the current junior U.S. Senator from the State of California. ... C02 sequestration is the capture, extraction, separation, collection, etc, of carbon dioxide and a means for its storage or use. ... Emissions trading (or cap and trade) is an administrative approach used to control pollution by providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the emissions of pollutants. ...


Political pressure on scientists

US officials, such as Philip Cooney, have repeatedly edited scientific reports from US government scientists, [8] many of whom, such as Thomas Knutson, have been ordered to refrain from discussing climate change and related topics.[9][10][11] Philip Cooney is the former chief of staff for President George W. Bushs Council on Environmental Quality and a former energy industry lobbyist. ... Thomas Knutson is a climate modeller at the US Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, a division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). ...


Climate scientist James Hansen, director of NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, claimed in a widely cited New York Times article [12] in 2006 that his superiors at the agency were trying to "censor" information "going out to the public." NASA denied this, saying that it was merely requiring that scientists make a distinction between personal, and official government, views in interviews conducted as part of work done at the agency. Several scientists working at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have made similar complaints;[13] once again, government officials said they were enforcing long-standing policies requiring government scientists to clearly identify personal opinions as such when participating in public interviews and forums. Dr. James Hansen (born 1941) heads the NASA Institute for Space Studies[1] in New York City, a division of Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, MD, Earth Sciences Directorate. ... Goddard Institute for Space Studies building. ... This article is about the American space agency. ... The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a scientific agency of the United States Department of Commerce focused on the conditions of the oceans and the atmosphere. ...


The BBC's long-running current affairs series Panorama recently investigated the issue, and was told that "scientific reports about global warming have been systematically changed and suppressed."[14] The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Panorama is a long-running current affairs documentary series on BBC television, launched on 11 November 1953 and focusing on investigative journalism. ...


Mike Hulme, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Research, wrote how increasing use of pejorative terms like "catastrophic," "chaotic" and "irreversible," had altered the public discourse around climate change: "This discourse is now characterised by phrases such as 'climate change is worse than we thought', that we are approaching 'irreversible tipping in the Earth's climate', and that we are 'at the point of no return'. I have found myself increasingly chastised by climate change campaigners when my public statements and lectures on climate change have not satisfied their thirst for environmental drama and exaggerated rhetoric."[15]


According to an Associated Press release on January 30, 2007, is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

"Climate scientists at seven government agencies say they have been subjected to political pressure aimed at downplaying the threat of global warming.
"The groups presented a survey that shows two in five of the 279 climate scientists who responded to a questionnaire complained that some of their scientific papers had been edited in a way that changed their meaning. Nearly half of the 279 said in response to another question that at some point they had been told to delete reference to "global warming" or "climate change" from a report."[16]

Critics writing in the Wall Street Journal editorial page claim that the survey [17] was itself unscientific.[18]


Attempts to suppress scientific information on global warming and other issues have been described by Chris Mooney as constituting a Republican War on Science. Chris C. Mooney is an American journalist who focuses on science in political policy. ... The Republican War on Science is a book by Chris C. Mooney. ...


Also according to testimony taken by the U.S. House of Representatives, the U.S. government has pressured American scientists to suppress discussion of global warming[19][20]


"High-quality science" was "struggling to get out," as the Bush administration pressured scientists to tailor their writings on global warming to fit the Bush administration's skepticism, in some cases at the behest of an ex-oil industry lobbyist. "Nearly half of all respondents perceived or personally experienced pressure to eliminate the words 'climate change,' 'global warming' or other similar terms from a variety of communications."


Similarly, according to the testimony of senior officers of the Government Accountability Project, the White House attempted to bury the report "National Assessment of the Potential Consequences of Climate Variablity and Change," produced by U.S. scientists pursuant to U.S. law.[21] Some U.S. scientists resigned their jobs rather than give in to White House pressure to underreport global warming.[22] The Government Accountability Project (GAP) is a 29-year-old nonprofit public interest group that promotes government and corporate accountability by advancing occupational free speech, defending whistleblowers, and empowering citizen activists. ...


Allegations of U.S. government attempts to mislead the public

The United States government has implemented an industry-formulated disinformation campaign designed to actively mislead the American public on global warming and to forestall limits on "climate polluters," according to a report in Rolling Stone magazine which reviews hundreds of internal government documents and former government officials.[23]."'They've got a political clientele that does not want to be regulated,' says Rick Piltz, a former Bush climate official who blew the whistle on White House censorship of global-warming documents in 2005. 'Any honest discussion of the science would stimulate public pressure for a stronger policy. They're not stupid.' This article is about the magazine. ...


"Bush's do-nothing policy on global warming began almost as soon as he took office. By pursuing a carefully orchestrated policy of delay, the White House has blocked even the most modest reforms and replaced them with token investments in futuristic solutions like hydrogen cars. 'It's a charade,' says Jeremy Symons, who represented the EPA on Cheney's energy task force, the industry-studded group that met in secret to craft the administration's energy policy. 'They have a single-minded determination to do nothing -- while making it look like they are doing something.' . . .


"The CEQ became Cheney's shadow EPA, with industry calling the shots. To head up the council, Cheney installed James Connaughton, a former lobbyist for industrial polluters, who once worked to help General Electric and ARCO skirt responsibility for their Superfund waste sites. "two weeks after Bush took office - ExxonMobil's top lobbyist, Randy Randol, demanded a housecleaning of the scientists in charge of studying global warming. . . .Exxon's wish was the CEQ's command. [24]


Global warming litigation

Several lawsuits have been filed over global warming. For example, Massachusetts v. Environmental Protection Agency before the Supreme Court of the United States forced the US government to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act. A similar approach was taken by California Attorney General Bill Lockyer who filed a lawsuit California v. General Motors Corp. to force car manufacturers to reduce vehicles' emissions of carbon dioxide. A third case, Comer v. Murphy Oil, was filed by Gerald Maples, a trial attorney in Mississippi, in an effort to force fossil fuel and chemical companies to pay for damages caused by global warming.[25] Holding Greenhouse gases are air pollutants, and the EPA may regulate their emission Court membership Chief Justice: John Roberts Associate Justices: John Paul Stevens, Antonin Scalia, Anthony Kennedy, David Souter, Clarence Thomas, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Stephen Breyer, Samuel Alito Case opinions Majority by: Stevens Joined by: Kennedy, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries  Atlas  Politics Portal      The Supreme Court of the United States (sometimes colloquially referred to by the acronym... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... William Westwood Bill Lockyer (born May 8, 1941) is the current State Treasurer of California. ...


State and local governments

However, 195 US cities representing more than 50 million Americans - have committed to reducing carbon emissions to 7% below 1990 levels. In 2005, California (the world's sixth largest economy) committed to reducing emissions to 2000 levels by 2010, 1990 levels by 2020, and 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. Measures to meet these targets include tighter automotive emissions standards, and requirements for renewable energy as a proportion of electricity production. The Union of Concerned Scientists has calculated that by 2020, drivers would save $26 billion per year if California’s automotive standards were implemented nationally.[9] Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is an advocacy organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. ...


On August 31, 2006, the California leaders of both political parties agreed to terms in the California Global Warming Solutions Act. When this legislation goes into effect it will limit the state’s global warming emissions to 1990 levels by 2020, and institute a mandatory emissions reporting system to monitor compliance. The legislation will also allow for market mechanisms to provide incentives to businesses to reduce emissions while safeguarding local communities. [10] The bill was signed into law on September 27, 2006, by Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, who declared, "We simply must do everything we can in our power to slow down global warming before it is too late... The science is clear. The global warming debate is over." is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... The Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006, a law in California, was signed by Governor of California Arnold Schwarzenegger on September 27, 2006. ... is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (German pronunciation (IPA): ) (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American bodybuilder, actor, and politician, currently serving as the 38th Governor of the U.S. state of California. ...


Gov. Schwarzenegger also announced he would seek to work with Prime Minister Tony Blair of Great Britain, and various other international efforts to address global warming, independently of the federal government. [26] For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency...


On September 8, 2006, Arizona Governor Janet Napolitano signed an executive order calling on the state to create initiatives to cut greenhouse gas emissions to the 2000 level by the year 2020 and to 50 percent below the 2000 level by 2040.[11] is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English Spoken language(s) English 74. ... Janet Georgia Napolitano (b. ...


RGGI

Seven Northeastern US states are involved in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative, a state level emissions capping and trading program. It is believed that the state-level program will apply pressure on the federal government to support Kyoto Protocol.

  • Participating states[12]:

Beginning in 2009, carbon dioxide emissions from power plants will be capped by state:

Official language(s) English Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport Largest metro area Hartford Area  Ranked 48th  - Total 5,543[2] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... This article is about the U.S. State of Delaware. ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... Official language(s) English Capital Concord Largest city Manchester Area  Ranked 46th  - Total 9,350 sq mi (24,217 km²)  - Width 68 miles (110 km)  - Length 190 miles (305 km)  - % water 4. ... “NJ” redirects here. ... “NY” redirects here. ... Official language(s) None Capital Montpelier Largest city Burlington Area  Ranked 45th  - Total 9,620 sq mi (24,923 km²)  - Width 80 miles (130 km)  - Length 160 miles (260 km)  - % water 3. ... Capital Harrisburg Largest city Philadelphia Area  Ranked 33rd  - Total 46,055 sq mi (119,283 km²)  - Width 280 miles (455 km)  - Length 160 miles (255 km)  - % water 2. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... ... The four Atlantic Provinces. ...

Vatican

Pope Benedict XVI, told up to half a million people over a hillside near the Adriatic city of Loreto on the day Catholic Church marks it annual Save Creation Day, that world leaders must make courageous decisions to save the planet "before it is too late" [27]. This article is becoming very long. ... The Adriatic Sea is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea separating the Apennine peninsula (Italy) from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges. ... Loreto is the Italian word for laurel-wood. ... The politics of global warming looks at the current political issues relating to global warming, as well as the historical rise of global warming as a political issue. ...


America

  • Canada's Liberal Government during the 1990s had agreed to Kyoto but oversaw the increase of greenhouse gas emissions during their terms in office and did little to meet Kyoto's targets. Canada's current Conservative Government has claimed that, due to increased emissions since 1990, it is realistically impossible to meet their Kyoto targets and attempting to do so would be disastrous for the Canadian economy. Current Prime Minister Stephen Harper has come under fire for being adamant in leaving Kyoto and working on a different climate plan. Consequently, this issue has become something of an Achilles Heel for the Government in recent months. The current Liberal Party has been quick in their condemnation of the Government but has also been accused of using Global Warming for political purposes as seen in the naming of leader Stephane Dion's dog 'Kyoto'. Recent polls have indicated that, if there were to be an election soon, the environment would be the top issue for Canadians.

Alternative meaning: Conservative Party of Canada (pre-1942) The Conservative Party of Canada is a right wing political party in Canada, formed by the merger of the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance and the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada in December 2003. ... Stephen Joseph Harper (born April 30, 1959) is the 22nd and current Prime Minister of Canada and leader of the Conservative Party of Canada. ... In Greek mythology, Achilles is made invulnerable by being dipped in the river Styx by his mother, Thetis. ... The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti libéral du Canada) is a Left of center political party in Canada. ... The Hon. ...

Asia and Oceany

  • Australia's current position is that it will not ratify the Kyoto Protocol, in particular because of concerns over a loss of competitiveness with the US, which rejects the treaty [13]. The Australian TV series 4 Corners screened a program titled Greenhouse Mafia which described how some business lobby groups including the Australian Industry Greenhouse Network have successfully influenced the Australian government to prevent Australia from reducing greenhouse gas emissions.[28] Industries that have been able to successfully lobby Australian governments to not reduce emissions include the coal, oil, cement, aluminium, mining and electricity industries.[29] Leaked minutes from a meeting between leaders of energy intensive industries and the Australian government describe how both groups are worried that mandatory renewable energy targets were working too well and were "market skewed" towards wind power.[30] Despite expectations, the Federal government failed to increase the Mandatory Renewable Energy Targets (MRET Scheme) to more than 2%. [14] Various Australian Labor Party state governments have announced that they will introduce an MRET Scheme of their own [15][16]. On 3 February 2007, the Australian government announced that it will not be pursuing mitigation of global warming, and instead will be adopting a policy of adaptation.[31]

Four Corners is Australias longest-running and most respected investigative journalism/current affairs television program. ... Greenhouse Mafia is the title of a program aired by the ABC on the February 13, 2006 episode of its weekly documentary program Four Corners. ... The Australian Industry Greenhouse Network (AIGN) is an organisation that lobbies Australian State and Federal Governments about climate change issues on behalf of some sectors of Australian Industry. ... This article describes the national government of Australia. ... Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. ... An example of a wind turbine. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... Global carbon dioxide emissions 1800–2000 Global average surface temperature 1850 to 2006 Mitigation of global warming involves taking actions aimed at reducing the extent of global warming. ... Adaptation to global warming covers all actions aimed at reducing the negative effects of global warming. ...

Europe

  • Russia signed the Kyoto Protocol in November 2004, after a deal with the European Union over WTO membership. Russia's ratification completed the requirements of the treaty to come into force, based on nations totaling 55% of world greenhouse gas emissions.
  • The UK government-commissioned Stern Review into the economic effects of climate change was published in October 2006. Tony Blair's assessment was that it showed that scientific evidence of global warming was "overwhelming" and its consequences "disastrous". He added, "We can't wait the five years it took to negotiate Kyoto — we simply don't have the time. We accept we have to go further [than Kyoto]."[32]
  • Britain's government launched an official calculator in the week of June 18, 2007 that enables every person in the country to work out how much carbon dioxide he produces and how to cut it.[33]. Tory group sets out plans for Green Revolution. [34]

For other uses of the initials WTO, see WTO (disambiguation). ... Sir Nicholas Stern, author of the report. ... For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency... is the 169th day of the year (170th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... For other uses, see Tory (disambiguation). ...

Positions of the Energy Industries

See also: climate change denial

One of the biggest opponents of action on global warming has been the fossil fuels energy industry, and particularly the oil industry, such as ExxonMobil, which regularly publishes papers minimizing the threat of global warming. In 1998, the company started providing financial support to organizations and individuals who disagreed with the scientific consensus that human activities were contributing to climate change. One of the groups that received funds from the company was the Competitive Enterprise Institute. ExxonMobil also helped create the "Global Climate Science Team" whose members were active climate contrarians. According to a study by the Union of Concerned Scientists, between 1998 and 2005, ExxonMobil dispersed roughly $16 million to organizations that were challenging the scientific consensus view. [17] After heavy criticism from the press and environmental groups in late 2006 and early 2007, ExxonMobil began distancing itself from these organizations. MSNBC Reuters. This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... For other uses, see Exon (disambiguation). ... The Competitive Enterprise Institute (CEI) is a neoliberal think tank based in Washington DC. It calls itself a non-profit, non-partisan research and advocacy institute dedicated to the principles of free enterprise and limited government. ... For other uses, see Exon (disambiguation). ...


In 2005, the oil giant opposed a shareholders' resolution to explain the science behind its denial of global warming. In recent years, other companies have increasingly come to accept the existence and consequences of global warming; for example, the Chairman of BP, John Browne, declared a need for action in 2002. Lord Oxburgh, non-executive chairman of Shell, said in a speech at the 2005 Hay-on-Wye Festival: "We have 45 years, and if we start now, not in 10 or 15 years' time, we have a chance of hitting those targets. But we've got to start now. We have no time to lose."[18] This article is about the corporation named BP. For other uses, see BP (disambiguation). ... John Browne (Lord Browne of Madingley) (b. ... Royal Dutch Shell plc is a multinational oil company of British and Dutch origins. ...


One sector of the energy industry that has no problem with the greenhouse gas arguments is the nuclear industry. Margret Thatcher was one of the first major political figures to suggest that the nuclear power was a "green" solution. This was largely regarded with derision at the time but it is the ultimate goal of Tony Blair's solution to tomorrow's energy needs and probably explains his enthusiasm for CO2 emission controls.


Indeed as many countries move towards legally binding engagements to Kyoto targets, including fines for failing to achieve them, many governments may find this a convenient excuse for otherwise unpopular expansions of their nuclear programs.


This would be an ironic outcome for many who see highlighting the possible dangers of global warming as protecting the environment.


As pointed out on Counter Punch [19] the nuclear power industry is not slow to present itself as the "green" solution :

only realistic way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to 1990 levels in the next ten years is to bring on-line at least an additional 50 reactors. "Nuclear energy has been the largest single contributor to reduced air pollution in the world over the past 20 years", the NEI's Kyoto global warming book boasts.

Nuclear power produces fewer CO2 emissions than fossil fuel plants; the exact level remains somewhat controversial; Greenpeace assert that nuclear power produces about one third of the CO2 emissions as equivalent fossil fuels energy over the lifetime of an installation. [20] Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ...


Environmental groups

Thousands of protesters marched on the international day of action on December 3, 2005, which coincided with the first meeting of the Parties in Montreal. [21] The planned demonstrations were endorsed by the Assembly of Movements of the World Social Forum.[22] is the 337th day of the year (338th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...


Christian environmental groups are also increasingly active on climate change, for example What Would Jesus Drive? and The Evangelical Climate Initiative.


US Catholic Bishops also have recognized the urgency of addressing global warming in a 2001 statement from the US Congress of Catholic Bishops Global Climate Change: A Plea for Dialogue, Prudence, and the Common Good


In New Zealand, the Climaction Coalition has blockaded the main thoroughfares of Auckland City on two occasions, calling for Free and Frequent Public Transport to reduce the city's dependency on cars. They argue that such a measure would also help reduce global warming if repeated in other cities throughout the world. [23] Climaction is a radical enivornmental Climate Change coalition in Aotearoa / New Zealand. ...


Academia

  • G8 science academies' statements [24]

Group of Eight redirects here. ...

Media

The debate over global warming was raised to a considerably higher profile when former Vice President Al Gore was given an Academy Award for his documentary film, An Inconvenient Truth. Gore has made a considerable number of public appearances to promote the film and the subject-matter within it. This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ... An Inconvenient Truth is an Academy Award-winning documentary film about climate change, specifically global warming, presented by former United States Vice President Al Gore and directed by Davis Guggenheim. ...


Other major media treatments of the controversy:

The Great Global Warming Swindle is a controversial documentary film by British television producer Martin Durkin, which argues against the scientific opinion that human activity is the main cause of global warming. ... Hell and High Water: Global Warming — the Solution and the Politics — and What We Should Do is a book by author, scientist, and former U.S. Department of Energy official Joseph J. Romm, published December 26, 2006 by HarperCollins. ... Michael Crichton, pronounced [1], (born October 23, 1942) is an American author, film producer, film director, and television producer. ... For other uses, see The Day After Tomorrow (disambiguation). ... Are We Changing Planet Earth? and Can We Save Planet Earth? are two programmes that form a documentary about global warming, presented by David Attenborough. ...

Timeline

To meet Wikipedia's quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup because it is in a list format that may be better presented using prose.
You can help by converting this section to prose, if appropriate. Editing help is available.
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Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Prose is writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech. ... The world climate conferences are a series of international meetings focussing on climate change. ... The largest Antarctic ozone hole recorded as of September 2000 For other similarly-named agreements, see Montreal Protocol (disambiguation). ... The ozone layer is a part of the Earths atmosphere which contains relatively high concentrations of ozone (O3). ... Possible meanings: Certified Financial Consultant Chelsea Football Club Child and Family Canada Chlorofluorocarbon Combined Federal Campaign haloalkane This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page—a list of articles associated with the same title. ... IPCC is the science authority for the UNFCCC The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) was established in 1988 by two United Nations organizations, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), to evaluate the risk of climate change brought on by humans, based mainly on... The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 187 Member States and Territories. ... Klaus Töpfer, former UNEP Exec. ... UNFCCC logo. ... The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, also known as the Earth Summit (or, in Portuguese, Eco 92) was a major conference held in Rio de Janeiro from June 3 to June 14, 1992. ... This article is about the Brazilian city. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 176th day of the year (177th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The United States Senate is the upper house of the U.S. Congress, smaller than the United States House of Representatives. ... Kyoto Protocol Opened for signature December 11, 1997 in Kyoto, Japan Entered into force February 16, 2005. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Official G8 2005 Portrait. ... The United Nations Climate Change Conference, COP 11 or COP/MOP 1, is a global event taking place in Montreal, Quebec, Canada from November 28 to December 9, 2005. ... is the 200th day of the year (201st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Largest metro area Greater Los Angeles Area  Ranked 3rd  - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 km²)  - Width 250 miles (400 km)  - Length 770 miles (1,240 km)  - % water 4. ... Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger Arnold Alois Schwarzenegger (born July 30, 1947) is an Austrian-American actor, politician, bodybuilder, and businessman, currently serving as the 38th Governor of California. ... Global mean surface temperatures 1850 to 2006 Mean surface temperature anomalies during the period 1995 to 2004 with respect to the average temperatures from 1940 to 1980 Global warming is the observed increase in the average temperature of the Earths atmosphere and oceans in recent decades and the projected... This is a list of countries by carbon dioxide emissions. ... is the 303rd day of the year (304th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Sir Nicholas Stern, author of the report. ...

References

  1. ^ Climate change concerns championed by Cameron's Conservatives
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ Peter Schwartz and Doug Randall (October 2003). An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and Its Implications for United States National Security. Retrieved on 2007-09-08.
  4. ^ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Global_warming&diff=122610581&oldid=122607192
  5. ^ [2]
  6. ^ Pelosi creates global warming committee, Associated Press, 1/18/07.
  7. ^ Climate Change Bills of the 110th Congress Environmental Defense, May 29, 2007.
  8. ^ Campbell, D. (June 20, 2003) "White House cuts global warming from report" Guardian Unlimited
  9. ^ Donaghy, T., et al. (2007) "Atmosphere of Pressure:" a report of the Government Accountability Project (Cambridge, Mass.: UCS Publications)
  10. ^ Rule, E. (2005) "Possible media attention" Email to NOAA staff, July 27. Obtained via FOIA request on July 31, 2006. and Teet, J. (2005) "DOC Interview Policy" Email to NOAA staff, September 29. Originally published by Alexandrovna, L. (2005) "Commerce Department tells National Weather Service media contacts must be pre-approved" The Raw Story, October 4. Accessed December 22, 2006
  11. ^ Zabarenko, D. (2007) "'Don't discuss polar bears:' memo to scientists" Reuters
  12. ^ Revkin, Andrew C. (Jan 29, 2006). Climate Expert Says NASA Tried to Silence Him. The New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-04-14.
  13. ^ Eilperin, J. (April 6, 2006) [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/04/05/AR2006040502150_pf.html "Climate Researchers Feeling Heat From White House"] Washington Post
  14. ^ Climate chaos: Bush's climate of fear. BBC Panorama (Jun 1, 2006). Retrieved on 2007-04-14.
  15. ^ Hulme, Mike (November 4, 2006). Chaotic world of climate truth. BBC News. Retrieved on 2007-04-14.
  16. ^ Groups Say Scientists Pressured On Warming. CBS News and Associated Press (Jan 30, 2007). Retrieved on 2007-04-14.
  17. ^ Donaghy, Timothy; Jennifer Freeman, Francesca Grifo, Karly Kaufman, Tarek Maassarani, Lexi Shultz (Feb 2007). "Appendix A: UCS Climate Scientist Survey Text and Responses (Federal)", Atmosphere of Pressure – Political Interference in Federal Climate Science. Union of Concerned Scientists & Government Accountability Project. Retrieved on 2007-04-14. 
  18. ^ Taranto, James (Feb 1, 2007). They Call This Science?. OpinionJournal.com. Retrieved on 2007-04-14.
  19. ^ Reuters, January 30, 2007, free archived version at http://www.commondreams.org/headlines07/0130-10.htm, last visited Jan. 30, '07
  20. ^ Written testimony of Dr. Grifo before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the U.S. House of Representatives on January 30, 2007, archived at http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070130113153-55829.pdf
  21. ^ written testimony of Rick Piltz before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform of the U.S. House of Representatives on January 30, 2007, archived at http://oversight.house.gov/Documents/20070130113813-92288.pdf last visited Jan. 30, 07
  22. ^ Reuters, January 30, 2007, free archived version at http://www.commondreams.org/headlines07/0130-10.htm, last visited Jan. 30, '07
  23. ^ Rolling Stone, June 13, 2007, http://www.rollingstone.com/politics/story/15148655/the_secret_campaign_of_president_george_bushs_administration_to_deny_global
  24. ^ The Washington Post, June 21, 2007 "http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/blog/2007/06/21/BL2007062101075_2.html?nav=hcmodule , citing the Rolling Stone invetigative report published 2007/6/13
  25. ^ Pidot, Justin R. (2006). Global Warming in the Courts - An Overview of Current Litigation and Common Legal Issues. Georgetown University Law Center. Retrieved on 2007-04-13.
  26. ^ Blair, Schwarzenegger announce global warming research pact, Associated Press, 7/31/06.
  27. ^ http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/44080/story.htm
  28. ^ Transcript of Janine Cohen's report "The Greenhouse Mafia". 4 Corners (2006-02-13). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  29. ^ The Dirty Politics of Climate Change. Australia Institute (2006-02-20). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  30. ^ Minutes of a meeting of the Low Emissions Technology Advisory Group (LETAG) with the Australian Government (2006-05-06). Retrieved on 2007-01-21.
  31. ^ Australia 'must adapt' to global warming (ABC news article) (2007-02-03). Retrieved on 2007-02-03.
  32. ^ BBC News: Climate change fight 'can't wait'
  33. ^ calculator to help save the planet
  34. ^ http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/44331/story.htm
  35. ^ [3]

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Government Accountability Project (GAP) is a 29-year-old nonprofit public interest group that promotes government and corporate accountability by advancing occupational free speech, defending whistleblowers, and empowering citizen activists. ... The New York Times is a daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed internationally. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... CBS News logo, used from Sept. ... The Associated Press, or AP, is an American news agency, the worlds largest such organization. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... The Union of Concerned Scientists (UCS) is an advocacy organization based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States. ... The Government Accountability Project (GAP) is a 29-year-old nonprofit public interest group that promotes government and corporate accountability by advancing occupational free speech, defending whistleblowers, and empowering citizen activists. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... James Taranto (born 1966) is a Manhattan-based columnist for The Wall Street Journal and editor of its online editorial page, OpinionJournal. ... OpinionJournal. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... April 14 is the 104th day of the year (105th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 261 days remaining. ... The schools original sign, preserved on the north quad of the present-day campus. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Four Corners is Australias longest-running and most respected investigative journalism/current affairs television program. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Australia Institute logo The Australia Institute is an Australian think tank conducting public policy research, funded by grants from philanthropic trusts, memberships and commissioned research. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... is the 34th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... March 10 is the 69th day of the year (70th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

  • Tarek Maassarani, Government Accountability Project, March 2007, Redacting the Science of Climate Change: An Investigative and Synthesis Report
  • Timeline of events related to the politics of global warming
  • U. Colorado : Politics and Science [27]
  • UNFCCC
  • History of global warming
  • Global warming and media
  • Spencer Weart, The Discovery of Global Warming
  • George Monbiot, The Guardian, July 12, 2005, "Faced with this crisis: Instead of denying climate change is happening, the US now denies that we need proper regulation to stop it"
  • George Monbiot, The Guardian, 20 September 2005, "It would seem that I was wrong about big business: Corporations are ready to act on global warming but are thwarted by ministers who resist regulation in the name of the market"
  • John D. Sterman and Linda Booth Sweeney (undated) "Understanding Public Complacency About Climate Change: Adults’ mental models of climate change violate conservation of matter"
  • OpenDemocracy.net the politics of climate change
  • Amanda Griscom Little, Grist Magazine, July 20, 2005, "The Revolution Will Be Localized"
  • Dr Oliver Marc Hartwich, Free Market Foundation, April 4, 2006, Weatherproofing African economies against climate change
  • Senators sound alarm on climate - Christina Bellantoni, Washington Times - January 31, 2007
  • Robert Tracinski, RealClearPolitics, June 29, 2007: The Seeds of the Global Warming Police State. [28]

George Monbiot. ... The Guardian is a British newspaper owned by the Guardian Media Group. ... is the 193rd day of the year (194th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 94th day of the year (95th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 31st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ... RealClearPolitics is a right-leaning Chicago based political website founded in 2000 by John McIntyre and Tom Bevan. ...

Environmental groups

The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) is an international non-governmental organization for the conservation, research and restoration of the natural environment, formerly named the World Wildlife Fund, which remains its official name in the United States and Canada. ... The Worldwatch Institute is an environmental research organisation in the United States. ... Greenpeace protest against Esso / Exxon Mobil. ... Environmental Defense (formerly known as the Environmental Defense Fund or EDF), is a US-based nonprofit environmental advocacy group. ...

Business

  • Carbon Disclosure Project [29], supported by over 150 institutional investors, aims for transparency on companies' greenhouse gas emissions

Category: ...

See also

v • d • e
Global warming and Climate change
Temperatures Instrumental record · Satellite record · Past 1000 years · Since 1880 · Geologic record
Causes Scientific opinion on climate change
Anthropogenic: Carbon dioxide · Climate sensitivity · Global dimming · Global warming potential · Greenhouse effect · Greenhouse gases · Keeling Curve · Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry · Urban heat island
Natural: Cloud forcing · Glaciation · Global cooling · Ocean variability · Orbital variations · Plate tectonics · Radiative forcing · Solar variation · Volcanism
Models Global climate model
Issues Ozone depletion · Ocean acidification
Politics Global warming controversy · Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change · Scientists opposing the mainstream assessment
Effects Sea level rise · Glacier retreat · Climate change and agriculture · National Assessment on Climate Change · Economics of global warming · Shutdown of thermohaline circulation
Mitigation Individual and political action on climate change
Kyoto Protocol: Clean Development Mechanism
Schemes: Emissions trading · Personal carbon trading · Carbon tax · Carbon offsets · Carbon dioxide sink (Carbon sequestration)
Energy conservation: Efficient energy use · Renewable energy · Renewable energy commercialization · Renewable energy development · Soft energy path
Adaptation United Kingdom Climate Change Programme · European Climate Change Programme
Category:Global warming · Category:Climate change

  Results from FactBites:
 
Politics of global warming - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (1074 words)
The politics of global warming looks at the current political issues relating to global warming, as well as the historical rise of global warming as a political issue.
The primary focus is the political aspect of the mitigation of global warming.
The US government continues to stress the alleged uncertainty of global warming, despite the increasing scientific consensus, and maintains the need for further research before any action is justified.
Science and Politics and Global Warming | Peter Demenocal | Orion (3374 words)
Global warming is of far larger scope than any single administration can address, and effective policy demands a decades-long, committed, political response.
Cardinal among the climate risks presented, under numerous scenarios, by global warming, is the higher probability of "megadroughts." A megadrought is a very different beast in that it persists for many decades, not just a few years, and affects broad sectors of whole continents.
Global temperatures have changed for many natural reasons, of course, but when scientists try to account for the full record of global temperature changes over the past several hundred years, it is impossible to obtain a close match to the observed temperature curve without including the effects of very recent increases in greenhouse gas concentrations.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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