It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Government of the People's Republic of China. (Discuss)

People's Republic of China

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the People's Republic of China Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Central Peoples Government. ... Image File history File links National_emblem_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China. ...

Constitution

President: Hu Jintao National People's Congress    Standing Committee

Premier: Wen Jiabao State Council People's Liberation Army Central Military Commission

Law of the PRC Supreme People's Court Supreme People's Procuratorate

Political Parties CPPCC Communist Party of China    Constitution    General Secretary    National Congress    Central Committee    Secretariat    Politburo       Standing Committee

Elections Political divisions Foreign relations Foreign aid The President of the Peoples Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国主席; Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ZhÇ”xí, or abbreviated Guójiā ZhÇ”xí 国家主席) is the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the... The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest... The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress (NPCSC; Chinese: 全国人民代表大会常务委员会, pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín DàibiÇŽo Dàhuì Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee of about 150 members of the National Peoples Congress (NPC) of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: 温家宝; Traditional Chinese: 溫家寶; Pinyin: WÄ“n JiābÇŽo; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The State Council (国务院, pinyin: Guówùyuàn), which is largely synonymous with the Central Peoples Government (中央人民政府), is the chief administrative authority of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Central Military Commission (Chinese: 中央军事委员会 pinyin: Zhōngyāng JÅ«nshì WÄ›iyuánhuì ) refers to one of two bodies within the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Supreme Peoples Court (最高人民法院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Rénmín FÇŽyuàn) is the highest court in the judicial system of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Supreme Peoples Procuratorate (simplified Chinese: 最高人民检察院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Rénmín FÇŽyuàn Jiānchá Yùan) is the highest agency at the national level responsible for prosecution in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Peoples Republic of China is in many regards a single-party state. ... The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议 Pinyin: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi), abbreviated CPPCC, is an advisory body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì ZÇ’ngshÅ«jì) is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China. ... The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党全国代表大会 Pinyin: Zhōnguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Quánguó DàibiÇŽo Dàhuì) is a party congress that is held about once every five years. ... The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì) is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China between Party Congresses. ... The Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会书记处 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì ShÅ«jìchù) is the permanent bureaucracy of the Communist Party of China and forms a parallel structure to state organizations in the Peoples Republic... The Politburo of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú) is a group of 19 to 25 people who oversee the Communist Party... The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 and includes the top leadership of the Communist Party of China. ... Elections in the Peoples Republic of China take two forms: elections for selected local government positions in selected rural villages, and elections by Communist Party peoples congresses for the national legislature: the National Peoples Congress (Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui). ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... The foreign relations of the Peoples Republic of China draws upon traditions extending back to China in the Qing dynasty and the Opium Wars, despite China having undergone some radicial upheavals over the past two centuries. ... Foreign aid to the Peoples Republic of China takes the form of both bilateral and multilateral official development assistance and official aid to individual recipients. ...

See also    Politics of Hong Kong    Politics of Macau

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This article is on the politics of mainland China. See also: politics of the Republic of China (Taiwan), politics of Hong Kong and politics of Macau.

Politics of the People's Republic of China (PRC) takes place in a framework of a single-party socialist republic. State power within the PRC is exercised through three interlocking organizations: the Communist Party of China, the Central People's Government, and the People's Liberation Army. Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by the Peoples Republic of China, an own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, Macau has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of one country, two systems and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: 中国大陆; Traditional Chinese: 中國大陸; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Dàlù; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is an informal (disputed — see talk page) geographical term which is usually synonymous with the area... The Republic of China (ROC) currently has jurisdiction over Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores Islands (Penghu) and several smaller islands. ... Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by the Peoples Republic of China, an own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, Macau has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of one country, two systems and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Socialist state. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Central Peoples Government is the central government of the Peoples Republic of China in Beijing. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The PRC is an oligarchy in which political power and advancement depends on gaining and retaining the support of an informal body of people numbering one to two thousand who constitute the leadership of these organs. Large Jews coming form every direction. The PRC's population, geographical vastness, and social diversity frustrate attempts to rule from Beijing. Central government leaders must increasingly build consensus for new policies among party members, local and regional leaders, influential non-party members, and the population at large. However, control is often maintained over the larger group through control of information, propaganda and censorship (see Propaganda in the People's Republic of China). Historically, under the Maoist period, Stalinist terror campaigns and purges were also important part of maintaining conformity with the political centre, but during the reform period these methods have been used in a more restricted and targeted manner. Oligarchy is a form of government where most or all political power effectively rests with a small segment of society (typically the most powerful, whether by wealth, family, military strength, ruthlessness, or political influence). ... Beijing [English Pronunciation] (Chinese: 北京 [Chinese Pronunciation]; Pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; IPA: ), a city in northern China, is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Censorship is the control of speech and other forms of human expression. ... Chinese poster saying: Chairman Mao is the Red sun in our hearts. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893&#8211... Stalinism is a brand of political theory, and the political and economic system implemented by Joseph Stalin in the Soviet Union. ...

The Great Hall of the People, on the west side of Tiananmen Square, is China's parliament building. There are 2,979 representatives in the annual congress.

While the PRC is regarded as a communist state by many political scientists, it is also arguably the wealthiest of those that remain. But attempts to characterize the nature of China's political structure into a single, simple category are typically seen as lacking sufficient depth to be satisfactory.^[1] A major reason for this is that for much of China's history, the state had been ruled by some form of centralized imperial monarchy, which was followed by a chaotic succession of largely authoritarian Chinese Nationalist governments as well as warlord-held administrations since the last few years of the Qing dynasty in 1912. Although the PRC regime has been variously described as authoritarian, communist, and socialist, it appears China is slowly becoming capitalist in its economic system.^[2] However, heavy restrictions remain in some areas, most notably on the internet and in the press. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1711 KB) Summary Photo by Chill, Creative Commons license. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x2000, 1711 KB) Summary Photo by Chill, Creative Commons license. ... Great Hall of the People by day. ... Tiananmen Square (Simplified Chinese: 天安门广场; Traditional Chinese: 天安門廣場; Pinyin: Tiānānmén GuÇŽngchÇŽng) is the large plaza near the center of Beijing, China, named after the Tiananmen (literally, Gate of Heavenly Peace) which sits to its north, separating it from the Forbidden City. ... The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest... This article is about states governed by Communist parties. ... Political science is an academic and research discipline that deals with the theory and practice of politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior. ... Look up Structure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ... Bold text:This article applies to political ideologies. ... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨; Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... Warlord is a term that refers to one who has de facto military control of a subnational area, due to armed forces which are personally obedient to — somewhat circularly — that warlord. ... Belligerent military occupation occurs when one nations military occupy all or part of the territory of another nation or recognized belligerent during an invasion (during or after a war). ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, is a Chinese term for the Empire of the Great Qing (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: dàqÄ«ngguó), founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what... Bold text:This article applies to political ideologies. ... This article is about communism as a form of society and as a political movement. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to social control. ... For other uses, see Capitalism (disambiguation). ... Freedom of the press (or press freedom) is the guarantee by a government of free public press for its citizens and their associations, extended to members of news gathering organizations, and their published reporting. ...

Foreign relations

Presidents Hu Jintao and George W. Bush, with first ladies Liu Yongqing and Laura Bush, wave from the White House. The relationship between the world's sole superpower United States and the emerging superpower status of the PRC is closely watched by international observers.

The Karakoram Highway connecting China and Pakistan is an example of China's international development involvements.

Main article: Foreign relations of the People's Republic of China

The PRC maintains diplomatic relations with most countries in the world. In 1971, the PRC replaced the Republic of China as the sole representative for "China" in the United Nations and as one of the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.^[3] It is considered a founding member of UN, though the PRC was not in control of China at the time. (See China and the United Nations). The PRC was also a former member and leader of the Non-Aligned Movement. Image File history File linksMetadata Bushhujintao. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Bushhujintao. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American businessman and politician, was elected in 2000 as the 43rd President of the United States of America, re-elected in 2004, and is currently serving his second term in that office. ... Liu Yonqing (刘永清) is the wife of Hú Jǐntāo, leader of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of U.S. President George W. Bush and is the current First Lady of the United States. ... Sino-American relations (Simplified Chinese: 中美关系; pinyin: Zhōng-MÄ›i Guānxì) refers to international relations between the United States and China. ... An American B-2 bomber in flight. ... An emerging superpower or potential superpower is a country showing the potential to become a superpower in the foreseeable future. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 204 KB) 5/10/2005 es: Autopista del Karakórum en la provincia de Xinjiang (China). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x768, 204 KB) 5/10/2005 es: Autopista del Karakórum en la provincia de Xinjiang (China). ... Karakoram Highway route map The highest point on the highway: the Khunjerab Pass The Karakoram Highway in the Xinjiang region of China. ... The foreign relations of the Peoples Republic of China draws upon traditions extending back to China in the Qing dynasty and the Opium Wars, despite China having undergone some radicial upheavals over the past two centuries. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The United Nations Security Council (UNSC) is the organ of the United Nations charged with maintaining peace and security among nations. ... Chinas seat in the United Nations has been occupied by the Peoples Republic of China since November 23, 1971. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005) The Non-Aligned Movement, or NAM, is an international organization of over 100 states which consider themselves not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. ...

Under the One-China policy, the PRC has made it a precondition to establishing diplomatic relations that the other country acknowledges its claim to Taiwan and sever any official ties with the Republic of China (ROC) government. The government actively opposes foreign travels by former and present Taiwanese officials, such as Lee Teng-hui and Chen Shui-bian, and other people it sees as politically dangerous, such as the current Dalai Lama of Tibet. The One-China policy (Traditional Chinese: 一個中國; Simplified Chinese: 一个中国; pinyin: yÄ« gè Zhōngguó) is the principle that there is one China and that mainland China, Tibet, Hong Kong, Macau, Xinjiang and Taiwan are all part of that China. ... Motto: None Anthem(s): National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  - President Chen Shui-bian  - Vice President Annette Lu  - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution   - Declared... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: 李登輝; Simplified Chinese: 李登辉; Pinyin: Lǐ DÄ“nghuÄ«) born January 15, 1923) is a politician in the Republic of China (ROC). ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... Tenzin Gyatso is the fourteenth and current Dalai Lama. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

China has been playing a leading role in calling for free trade areas and security pacts amongst its Asia-Pacific neighbors. In 2004, China proposed an entirely new East Asia Summit (EAS) framework as a forum for regional security issues that pointedly excluded the United States.^[4] The EAS, which includes ASEAN Plus Three, India, Australia and New Zealand, held its inaugural summit in 2005. China is also a founder and member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO), alongside Russia and the Central Asian republics. A free trade area is a designated group of countries that have agreed to eliminate tariffs, quotas and preferences on most (if not all) goods between them. ... The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a pan-Asia forum to be held annually by the leaders of 16 countries in East Asia and the region, with ASEAN in a leadership position. ... ASEAN Plus Three is a forum that function as a coordinator of cooperation between Association of Southeast Asian Nations with three East Asian nations; namely Japan, Peoples Republic of China and South Korea. ... Membership 6 member states 4 observer states Headquarters Secretariat RATS - Beijing - Tashkent Working languages Chinese, Russian Secretary General Zhang Deguang Formation 14 June 2001 Official website http://www. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ...

Much of the current foreign policy is based on the concept of China's peaceful rise. However, conflicts with foreign countries have occurred at various times in its recent history, particularly with the United States; e.g., the U.S. bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade during the Kosovo conflict in May 1999 and the U.S.-China spy plane incident in April 2001. Also, its foreign relations with many other Western nations suffered for a time following the Tiananmen Square Incident in 1989. A much troubled foreign relationship is that between China and Japan, which has been strained at times by Japan's refusal to acknowledge its war-time past to the satisfaction of the PRC, such as revisionistic comments made by prominent Japanese officials, and insufficient details given to the Nanjing Massacre and other atrocities committed during World War II in Japanese history textbooks. Another point of conflict between the two countries is the frequent visits by Japanese government officials to the Yasukuni Shrine, which enshrines thousands of convicted World War II war criminals, including 14 Class A convictions. Chinas peaceful rise (Chinese: 中国和平崛起; Pinyin: Zhōnggúo hépíng juéqǐ) is a foreign policy doctrine mentioned increasingly by the Peoples Republic of China in the early 21st century. ... Belgrade (Serbian: Београд or Beograd ) is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Serbia. ... The term Kosovo War or Kosovo Conflict is often used to describe two sequential and at times parallel armed conflicts (a civil war followed by an international war) in the southern Serbian province called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), part of the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... J-8IIM On April 1, 2001, a United States Navy EP-3E was intercepted by Peoples Liberation Army Air Force J-8 fighter jets about 70 miles (110 km) off the Chinese island of Hainan. ... The Unknown Rebel - This famous photo, taken by Associated Press photographer Jeff Widener, depicts a lone protester whose actions halted the progress of a column of advancing tanks for over half an hour. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Foreign relations between Japan and China. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... The term Japanese war crimes refers to events which occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism from the late 19th to mid-20th centuries. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The Japanese textbook controversies is a series of controversies over the government-approved history textbooks used in the secondary education of Japan (junior high school and high school). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Communist Party

The more than 63 million-member Communist Party of China (CPC) continues to dominate government. In periods of relative liberalization, the influence of people and organizations outside the formal party structure has tended to increase, particularly in the economic realm. Under the command economy system, every state owned enterprise was required to have a party committee. The introduction of the market economy means that economic institutions now exist in which the party has limited or no power. The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A planned economy is an economic system in which economic decisions are made by centralized planners, who determine what sorts of goods and services to produce, and how they are to be priced and allocated. ... A state-owned enterprise (SOE) is an enterprise, often a corporation, owned by a government. ... A market economy (aka free market economy and free enterprise economy) is an economic system in which the production and distribution of goods and services takes place through the mechanism of free markets guided by a free price system rather than by the state in a planned economy. ...

Nevertheless, in all governmental institutions in the PRC, the party committees maintain an important role. Party control is tightest in government offices and in urban economic, industrial, and cultural settings; it is considerably looser in the rural areas, which contains the majority of Chinese population. Their most important responsibility comes in the selection and promotion of personnel. They also see that party and state policy guidance is followed and that non-party members do not create autonomous organizations that could challenge party rule. Particularly important are the leading small groups which coordinate activities of different agencies. Although there is a convention that government committees contain at least one non-party member, a party membership is a definite aid in promotion and in being in crucial policy setting meetings. A leading small group (lingdao xiaozu) is a committee of the Communist Party of China which coordinates party activities within an agency of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Theoretically, the party's highest body is the Party Congress, which is supposed to meet at least once every 5 years. Meetings became irregular during the Cultural Revolution but have been periodic since then. The party elects the Central Committee and the primary organs of power are formally parts of the central committee. The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (中国共产党全国代表大会 Pinyin: Zhōnguó Gòngchǎndǎng Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì) is a party congress that is held about once every five years. ... The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng; literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or even simpler, to 文革 wéngé, Cultural Revolution) in the People... 16th Central Committee meeting of the Communist Party of China Central Committee most commonly refers to the central executive unit of a communist party, whether ruling or non-ruling. ...

The primary organs of power in the Communist Party include:

• The Politburo Standing Committee, which currently consists of nine members;
• The Politburo, consisting of 22 full members (including the members of the Politburo Standing Committee);
• The Secretariat, the principal administrative mechanism of the CPC, headed by the General Secretary;
• The Central Military Commission;
• The Discipline Inspection Commission, which is charged with rooting out corruption and malfeasance among party cadres.

The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 and includes the top leadership of the Communist Party of China. ... The Politburo of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú) is a group of 19 to 25 people who oversee the Communist Party... The Central Military Commission (Chinese: 中央军事委员会 pinyin: Zhōngyāng Jūnshì Wěiyuánhuì ) refers to one of two bodies within the Peoples Republic of China. ...

State structure

The primary organs of state power are the National People's Congress (NPC), the President, and the State Council. Members of the State Council include the Premier, a variable number of vice premiers (now four), five state councilors (protocol equal of vice premiers but with narrower portfolios), and 29 ministers and heads of State Council commissions. During the 1980s there was an attempt made to separate party and state functions, with the party deciding general policy and the state carrying it out. The attempt was abandoned in the 1990s with the result that the political leadership within the state are also the leaders of the party, thereby creating a single centralized locus of power. The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest... The President of the Peoples Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国主席; Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ZhÇ”xí, or abbreviated Guójiā ZhÇ”xí 国家主席) is the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The State Council (国务院, pinyin: Guówùyuàn) is the chief civilian administrative body of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the very late 1980s and from 2000 and beyond. ...

At the same time, there has been a convention that party and state offices be separated at levels other than the central government, and it is unheard of for a sub-national executive to also be party secretary. Conflict has been often known to develop between the chief executive and the party secretary, and this conflict is widely seen as intentional to prevent either from becoming too dominant. Some special cases are the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau where the Communist Party does not function at all as part of the governmental system, and the autonomous regions where, following Soviet practice, the chief executive is typically a member of the local ethnic group while the party general secretary is non-local and usually Han Chinese. Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative... An autonomous region or autonomous district is a subnational region with special powers of self-rule. ... Han Chinese (Simplified Chinese: 汉族; Traditional Chinese: 漢族; Pinyin: hànzú) is a term which refers to the majority ethnic group within China and the largest single human ethnic group in the world. ...

Under the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, the NPC is the highest organ of state power in China. It meets annually for about 2 weeks to review and approve major new policy directions, laws, the budget, and major personnel changes. Most national legislation in China is adopted by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. Most initiatives are presented to the NPCSC for consideration by the State Council after previous endorsement by the Communist Party's Politburo Standing Committee. Although the NPC generally approves State Council policy and personnel recommendations, the NPC and its standing committee has increasingly asserted its role as the national legislature and has been able to force revisions in some laws. For example, the State Council and the Party have been unable to secure passage of a fuel tax to finance the construction of freeways. The Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China (中华人民共和国宪法; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Xiànfǎ) is the highest law within the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress (NPCSC; Chinese: 全国人民代表大会常务委员会, pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì Chángwù Wěiyuánhuì) is a committee of about 150 members of the National Peoples Congress (NPC) of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which... It has been suggested that Autobahn be merged into this article or section. ...

Constitution

The PRC Constitution was first created on September 20, 1954. Before that, an interim Constitution-like document created by the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference was in force. September 20 is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years). ... The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议 Pinyin: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi), abbreviated CPPCC, is an advisory body in the Peoples Republic of China. ...

The 2nd and 3rd promulgations of the PRC Constitution took place against the backdrop of the Cultural Revolution. The 2nd promulgation in 1975 shortened the Constitution to just about 30 articles, and contained Communist slogans and revolutionary language throughout. The role of courts was slashed, and the Presidency was gone. The 3rd promulgation in 1978 expanded the number of articles, but was still under the influence of the just-gone-by Cultural Revolution. It also, for the first time, mentioned the issue of Taiwan and declared that the PRC would "liberate" it. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Wúchǎn Jiējí Wénhuà Dà Gémìng; literally Proletarian Cultural Great Revolution; often abbreviated to 文化大革命 wénhuà dà gémìng, literally Great Cultural Revolution, or even simpler, to 文革 wéngé, Cultural Revolution) in the People...

The current Constitution is the PRC's 4th promulgation. On December 4, 1982, it was promulgated and has served as a stable Constitution for over 20 years. The role of the Presidency and the courts were normalized, and under the Constitution, all citizens were equal. Amendments were made in 1988, 1993, 1999, and most recently, in 2004, which recognised private property, safeguarded human rights, and further promoted the non-public sector of the economy. December 4 is the 338th day (339th on leap years) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The People's Liberation Army

The People's Liberation Army (PLA) is controlled not by the State Council but rather by the Central Military Commission, a body which consists mostly of military officers but is chaired by a civilian, since 2004 Hu Jintao. Unlike most national armies, the Ministry of National Defense which is in the State Council has very little power and exists mostly to coordinate liaison activities with other militaries. This makes the PLA effectively an army of the Party, not the state, although the suitability of this arrangement during the recent drive to professionalize and modernize the PLA has also been debated. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the...

In practice, the Central Military Commission follows the decisions of the Central Military Committee of the Communist takes some elaborate procedures to ensure the loyalty of the military including the zampolit system by which each army unit has a political officer who is answerable not to the military but rather to the party. In addition, there has been a strong desire by the political elite to professionalize the PLA and decrease its political role. Nevertheless, the PLA has in the past been an important political force when the civilian leadership has been deadlocked, and retains the potential to play such a role in the future. A political commissar is an officer appointed by a communist party to oversee a unit of the military. ...

Executive branch

The President and vice president are elected by the National People's Congress for five-year terms. The State Council is appointed by the National People's Congress (NPC). The President of the Peoples Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国主席; Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ZhÇ”xí, or abbreviated Guójiā ZhÇ”xí 国家主席) is the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... Zeng Qinghong (simplified Chinese: 曾庆红 Pinyin: ZÄ“ng Qìnghóng) (born July 1939) is a Chinese politician. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: 温家宝; Traditional Chinese: 溫家寶; Pinyin: WÄ“n JiābÇŽo; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... March 15 is the 74th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (75th in Leap years). ... Huang Ju (黄菊, Pinyin: Huáng Jú) (born September 1939) is the Executive Vice Premier of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Vice-premier Wu Yi Wú Yí (吴仪) (born 1938 in Wuhan, China) is one of four vice-premiers of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zeng Peiyan (born December 1938 in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) is a Chinese politician. ... Hui Liangyu (born 1938) is the Vice Premier of China in charge of agriculture. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The State Council (国务院, pinyin: Guówùyuàn), which is largely synonymous with the Central Peoples Government (中央人民政府), is the chief administrative authority of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Politburo Standing Committee

• Hu Jintao (General Secretary)
• Wu Bangguo
• Wen Jiabao
• Jia Qinglin
• Zeng Qinghong
• Huang Ju
• Wu Guanzheng
• Li Changchun
• Luo Gan

The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 and includes the top leadership of the Communist Party of China. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the... Wu Bangguo Wu Bangguo (Traditional Chinese:吳邦國 , Simplified Chinese: 吴邦国, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Bāngguó) (born July 1941) is a Chinese politician. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: 温家宝; Traditional Chinese: 溫家寶; Pinyin: WÄ“n JiābÇŽo; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Jia Qinglin (Simplified Chinese: 贾庆林; Traditional Chinese: 賈慶林; pinyin: ) (born March 1940, Botou, Hebei Province) is the fourth ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Chairman of the Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... Zeng Qinghong (simplified Chinese: 曾庆红 Pinyin: ZÄ“ng Qìnghóng) (born July 1939) is a Chinese politician. ... Huang Ju (黄菊, Pinyin: Huáng Jú) (born September 1939) is the Executive Vice Premier of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Wu Guanzheng (吳官正; pinyin: Wú Guānzhèng) (b. ... Li Changchun Li Changchun (李長春) (born February 1944) is considered to be the propaganda chief of the Communist Party of China. ... Luo Gan (ç½—å¹²) (born July 1935) is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China and Political and Legislative Affairs Committee secretary of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Full Politburo Members

Wang Lequan - Wang Zhaoguo - Hui Liangyu - Liu Qi - Liu Yunshan - Li Changchun - Wu Yi - Wu Bangguo - Wu Guanzheng - Zhang Lichang - Zhang Dejiang - Chen Liangyu (since sacked) - Luo Gan - Zhou Yongkang - Hu Jintao - Yu Zhengsheng - He Guoqiang - Jia Qinglin - Guo Boxiong - Huang Ju - Cao Gangchuan - Zeng Qinghong - Zeng Peiyan - Wen Jiabao - Wang Lequan is the current secretary of the Communist Party of China of the Xinjiang Uyghur autonomous region. ... Hui Liangyu (born 1938) is the Vice Premier of China in charge of agriculture. ... Liu Qi (刘淇) (b. ... Liu Yanshan, (1947-), a leader in the Chinese Communist Party. ... Li Changchun Li Changchun (李長春) (born February 1944) is considered to be the propaganda chief of the Communist Party of China. ... Vice-premier Wu Yi Wú Yí (吴仪) (born 1938 in Wuhan, China) is one of four vice-premiers of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Wu Bangguo Wu Bangguo (Traditional Chinese:吳邦國 , Simplified Chinese: 吴邦国, Hanyu Pinyin: Wú Bāngguó) (born July 1941) is a Chinese politician. ... Wu Guanzheng (吳官正; pinyin: Wú Guānzhèng) (b. ... http://english. ... Luo Gan (ç½—å¹²) (born July 1935) is a member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China and Political and Legislative Affairs Committee secretary of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zhou Yongkang is the Minister of Public Security of the Peoples Republic of China and thus chief of the Ministry of Public Security and the counterpart of the Director of the US Federal Bureau of Investigation. ... Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: , Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hú Jǐntāo; born December 21, 1942) is the current Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of President of the Peoples Republic of China, Chairman of the Central Military Commission and General Secretary of the... Jia Qinglin (Simplified Chinese: 贾庆林; Traditional Chinese: 賈慶林; pinyin: ) (born March 1940, Botou, Hebei Province) is the fourth ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China, and the Chairman of the Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... Huang Ju (黄菊, Pinyin: Huáng Jú) (born September 1939) is the Executive Vice Premier of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Cao Gangchuan (Traditional Chinese: 曹剛川, Simplified Chinese: 曹刚川, Hanyu Pinyin: Cáo Gāng Chuān), (born December 1935) is the defense minister of China. ... Zeng Qinghong (simplified Chinese: 曾庆红 Pinyin: ZÄ“ng Qìnghóng) (born July 1939) is a Chinese politician. ... Zeng Peiyan (born December 1938 in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province) is a Chinese politician. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: 温家宝; Traditional Chinese: 溫家寶; Pinyin: WÄ“n JiābÇŽo; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Alternate Politburo Members

• Wang Gang

See also

• Political position ranking of PRC
• Generations of Chinese leadership

The political ranking of the Peoples Republic of China is the ranking of political leaders in China, by order of presumed political power. ... Because both the Communist Party of China and the Peoples Liberation Army promote according to seniority, it is possible to discerns distinct generations of Chinese leaders. ...

Legislative branch

The unicameral National People's Congress or Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui has 2,979 seats; members elected by municipal, regional, and provincial people's congresses to serve five-year terms).

Political parties and elections

The following election results include names of political parties. See for additional information about parties the List of political parties in the People's Republic of China. An overview on elections and election results is included in Elections in the People's Republic of China.

No substantial political opposition groups exist, although the government has classified Falun Gong (a controversial spiritual movement that Beijing has defined as a "cult") and the China Democracy Party as potential rivals. An election is a decision making process where people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues. ... The Peoples Republic of China is in many regards a single-party state. ... An election is a decision making process whereby people vote for preferred political candidates or parties to act as representatives in government. ... Elections in the Peoples Republic of China take two forms: elections for selected local government positions in selected rural villages, and elections by Communist Party peoples congresses for the national legislature: the National Peoples Congress (Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui). ... The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议 Pinyin: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi), abbreviated CPPCC, is an advisory body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (official name) also known as Chinese Communist Party (CCP) (Simplified Chinese: 中国共产党; Traditional Chinese: 中國共産黨; Pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng) is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Revolutionary Committee of the Guomindang (Chinese: 中国国民党革命委员会) is one of eight registered minor political parties (in addition to the Communist Party of China) in the Peoples Republic of China (Mainland China only). ... The China Democratic League is one of eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The China Democratic National Construction Association (Zhongguo Minzhu Jianguo Hui) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The China Association for Promoting Democracy (Zhongguo Minzhu Cujin Hui) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party (Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhu Dang) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The China Party for Public Interest (Zhongguo Zhi Giong Dang) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party (Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhu Dang) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (Simplified Chinese: 台湾民主自治同盟; Traditional Chinese: 台灣民主自治同盟; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... Falun Gong, (Traditional Chinese: 法輪功, Simplified Chinese: 法轮功; pinyin: FÇŽlún Gōng; literally Practice of the Wheel of Law) also known as Falun Dafa, (Traditional Chinese: 法輪大法, Simplified Chinese: 法轮大法; pinyin: FÇŽlún dàfÇŽ; lit. ... China Democracy Party (Simplified Chinese: 中国民主党; Traditional Chinese: 中國民主黨; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a banned political party in the Peoples Republic of China. ...

The country is mainly run by the