Northern pollen sources for honeybees

The pollen source in a given area depends on the type of vegetation present and the length of their bloom period. What type of vegetation will grow in an area depends on soil texture, soil pH, soil drainage, daily maximum and minimum temperatures, precipitation, extreme minimum winter temperature, and growing degree days. The plants listed below are plants that would grow in USDA Hardiness zone (http://www.usna.usda.gov/Hardzone/hzm-ne1.html) 5. A good predictor for when a plant will bloom and produce pollen is a calculation of the growing degree days. SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomea purpurea),hollyhock (Sildalcea malviflora), lily (Lilium auratum), primrose(Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ... The honeybee is a colonial insect that is often maintained, fed, and transported by farmers. ... Divisions Green algae land plants (embryophytes) non-vascular embryophytes Hepatophyta - liverworts Anthocerophyta - hornworts Bryophyta - mosses vascular plants (tracheophytes) seedless vascular plants Lycopodiophyta - clubmosses Equisetophyta - horsetails Pteridophyta - true ferns Psilotophyta - whisk ferns Ophioglossophyta - adderstongue ferns seed plants (spermatophytes) †Pteridospermatophyta - seed ferns Pinophyta - conifers Cycadophyta - cycads Ginkgophyta - ginkgo Gnetophyta - gnetae Magnoliophyta - flowering... Growing degree days (GDD) are a heuristic tool in phenology. ... The U.S. Department of Agriculture, also called the Agriculture Department, or USDA, is a Cabinet department of the United States Federal Government. ... SEM image of pollen grains from a variety of common plants: sunflower (Helianthus annuus), morning glory (Ipomea purpurea),hollyhock (Sildalcea malviflora), lily (Lilium auratum), primrose(Oenothera fruticosa), and castor bean (Ricinus communis). ...

Bee collecting pollen

The color of pollen below indicates the color as it appears when the pollen arrives at the beehive. Bees mix dry pollen with nectar and/or honey to compact the pollen in the pollen basket. Dry pollen, is a food source for bees, which contains 16 - 30% protein, 1 - 10% fat, 1 - 7% starch, many vitamins, but little sugar. The protein source needed for rearing one worker bee from larval to adult stage requires approximately 120 to 145 mg of pollen. An average bee colony will collect about 20 to 57 kg (44 to 125 pounds) of pollen a year. Bee taking off from a flower Taken by fir0002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Bee taking off from a flower Taken by fir0002 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... In Greek mythology, nectar and ambrosia are the food of the gods. ... for the 2003 movie starring Jessica Alba, see Honey (movie). ...

Source: THE R-VALUES OF HONEY: POLLEN COEFFICIENT (http://www.nhb.org/download/research/rvalue.pdf) accessed Feb 2005

Spring

Trees and shrubs

Flying honeybee with red pollen in pollen basket

Bees in April with blue Siberian squill pollen in pollen basket

For other uses, see Alder (disambiguation). ... This article is about the rowan tree; for other uses of the term, see Rowan (disambiguation) Species Sorbus subgenus Sorbus Sorbus aucuparia - European Rowan Sorbus americana - American Rowan Sorbus cashmeriana - Kashmir Rowan Sorbus commixta - Japanese Rowan Sorbus decora - Showy Rowan Sorbus glabrescens - White-fruited Rowan Sorbus hupehensis - Hubei Rowan Sorbus... Species - Southern Crab - Siberian Crabapple - Sweet Crabapple - Apple - Japanese Crabapple - Oregon Crab - Chinese Crabapple - Prairie Crab - Asian Wild Apple - European Wild Apple Malus, the apples, is a genus of about 30-35 species of small deciduous trees or shrubs in the family Rosaceae, including most importantly the domesticated Orchard or... Species Malus domestica Malus sieversii The apple is the pomaceous fruit of trees of the genus Malus in the family Rosaceae, and is one of the most widely cultivated tree fruits. ... Binomial name Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a tree in the subfamily Faboideae of the pea family Fabaceae. ... BlackBerry 7100t The BlackBerry is a handheld wireless device providing e-mail, telephone, text messaging and web browsing services. ... Species - Bush Chinkapin* - Japanese Chestnut - American Chestnut - Henrys Chestnut - Chinese Chestnut - Ozark Chinkapin - Alleghany Chinkapin - Sweet Chestnut - Seguins Chestnut * treated as a synonym of by many authors Chestnuts (Castanea), including the chinkapins, are a genus of eight or nine species of trees and shrubs in the beech family... Species About 60-70 species including: Celtis australis - European Hackberry Celtis bungeana Bunges Hackberry Celtis caucasica - Caucasian Hackberry Celtis labilis - Hubei Hackberry Celtis koraiensis - Korean Hackberry Celtis jessoensis - Japanese Hackberry Celtis laevigata - Southern Hackberry Celtis occidentalis - Common hackberry Celtis reticulata - Netleaf hackberry Celtis sinensis - Chinese Hackberry Celtis tenuifolia - Georgia... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... Species See text. ... This article is about the tree; for other meanings of hazel, see Hazel (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Ilex opaca American holly (Ilex opaca) is a small to medium evergreen tree in the family Aquifoliaceae, with red berries that persist into winter. ... Binomial name Gleditsia triacanthos L. The Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos) is a deciduous tree native to North America. ... See also Maple computer algebra system. ... Binominal name Acer negundo Manitoba Maple (Acer negundo), also known as Ash-leaved Maple or (confusingly) Boxelder, is a species of maple, which occurs throughout most of North America. ... Binomial name Acer rubrum L. Red Maple (Acer rubrum) is also known as Swamp Maple or Soft Maple. ... Binomial name Acer platanoides The Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) is a maple native to eastern and central Europe and southwest Asia, from France east to Russia, north to southern Scandinavia and southeast to northern Iran. ... This article is about oaks (Quercus desert-oak is unrelated, and instead belongs to the genus Allocasuarina. ... This article is about oaks (Quercus desert-oak is unrelated, and instead belongs to the genus Allocasuarina. ... Species Pyrus calleryana P. pyrifolia et al Pears are trees of the genus Pyrus and the edible fruit of that tree. ... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus laurocerasus Prunus... A cherry is both a tree and its fleshy fruit, a type known as a drupe with a single hard pit enclosing the seed. ... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus laurocerasus Prunus... Species Prunus alabamensis Prunus alleghaniensis Prunus americana Prunus andersonii Prunus angustifolia Prunus armeniaca Prunus avium Prunus caroliniana Prunus cerasifera Prunus cerasus Prunus domestica Prunus dulcis Prunus emarginata Prunus fasciculata Prunus fremontii Prunus fruticosa Prunus geniculata Prunus glandulosa Prunus gracilis Prunus havardii Prunus hortulana Prunus ilicifolia Prunus japonica Prunus laurocerasus Prunus... Categories: Stub | Fruit ... This article is about the fruit; For alternate uses, see Peach (disambiguation). ... This article refers to the plant. ... Species See text The genus Platanus is a small genus of six species of trees native to the Northern Hemisphere. ... This article is about the walnut tree. ... Binomial name Fraxinus americana L. The White Ash (Fraxinus americana) is one of the largest of the ash genus Fraxinus, growing to 35 m tall. ... Species About 350, including: Salix alba - White Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix caprea- Goat Willow Salix caroliniana - Coastal Plain Willow Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow Salix fragilis - Crack Willow Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow Salix lanata - Woolly Willow Salix... Species About 350, including: Salix alba - White Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix caprea- Goat Willow Salix caroliniana - Coastal Plain Willow Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow Salix fragilis - Crack Willow Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow Salix lanata - Woolly Willow Salix... Species About 350, including: Salix alba - White Willow Salix amygdaloides - Peachleaf Willow Salix arbuscula - Mountain Willow Salix aurita - Eared Willow Salix babylonica - Peking Willow Salix caprea- Goat Willow Salix caroliniana - Coastal Plain Willow Salix cinerea - Grey Sallow Salix fragilis - Crack Willow Salix herbacea - Dwarf Willow Salix lanata - Woolly Willow Salix... Species Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl. ... The honeybee is a colonial insect that is often maintained, fed, and transported by farmers. ...

Flowers and annual crop plants

Binomial name Asparagus officinalis Asparagus is also the name of the genus of plants including the vegetable. ... For the figure in Celtic mythology see agriculture, canola are certain varieties of plants from which we get rapeseed oil, or the oil produced from those varieties. ... Mustard refers to several plants in the genus Brassica, which also includes cabbages and turnips, and also it refers to the proverbially tiny mustard seed, used as a spice. ... Binomial name Allium schoenoprasum Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) grown for their leaves, which are used as an herb. ... Species see text Crocus (plural: crocuses or croci) is a genus of perennial flowering plants that grows from a corm, growing naturally from the Aegean (where crocuses appear in Minoan frescos at Santorini), across Central Asia. ... Species Taraxacum officinale Taraxacum japonicum Taraxacum albidum and a few others. ... For the sound made by humans to simulate flatulence (blowing a raspberry) see the USA term, Bronx cheer Species Rubus idaeus raspberry (red) - watercolor 1892 The Raspberry or Red Raspberry, (Rubus idaeus) is a plant that produces a tart, sweet, red composite fruit (not a true berry) in late summer... Binomial name Onobrychis vicifolia Sainfoin (Onobrychis vicifolia) is a Eurasian perennial herb that has pale pink flowers, curved pods and is naturalized in Britain and North America grasslands on calcareous soils. ... Mustard refers to several plants in the genus Brassica, which also includes cabbages and turnips, and also it refers to the proverbially tiny mustard seed, used as a spice. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ...

Summer

Trees and shrubs

Species About 30, including: Tilia americana - Basswood or American Linden Tilia cordata - Small-leaved lime Tilia mongolica - Mongolian linden Tilia platyphyllos - Large-leaved lime Tilia tomentosa - Silver linden Tilia is a genus of about 30 species of tree. ... Basswood is the common name of timbers of Tilia species. ... Species About 250 species; see text Rhus is a genus of woody shrubs and trees, all with the leaves spirally arranged and pinnately compound (some species are trifoliate). ... For the historical incident involving a ship of this name, see Catalpa rescue. ... Species About 25 species, including: Sambucus nigra - Black Elder Sambucus canadensis - American Elder Sambucus glauca - Blueberry Elder Sambucus racemosa - Red-berried Elder Elder or Elderberry (Sambucus) is a genus of fast-growing shrubs or small trees in the family Caprifoliaceae. ...

Flowers and annual crop plants

Species Medicago arabica Medicago heldreichii Medicago hybrida Medicago laciniata Medicago littoralis Medicago lupulina Medicago minima Medicago monantha Medicago monspeliaca Medicago orbicularis Medicago polymorpha Medicago praecox Medicago rigidula Medicago rugosa Medicago ruthenica Medicago sativa Medicago scutellata Medicago secundiflora Medicago truncatula Medicago turbinata Ref: ITIS 183622 as of 2002-07-31 Alfalfa... Species Many, see text. ... Binomial name Ocimum basilicum L. Basil (Ocimum basilicum, Lamiaceae) is also known as Albahaca, St. ... Species See text Thistles are perennial flowering plants of the genus Cirsium. ... Binomial name Borago officinalis L. Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb native to central and eastern Europe. ... This article is about the food crop. ... Species See text. ... Species See List of Allium species Allium is the onion genus with about 1250 species, mostly classified in its own family Alliaceae. ... Binomial name Allium schoenoprasum Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) grown for their leaves, which are used as an herb. ... For the parody newspaper, see The Onion. ... Binomial name Allium schoenoprasum Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a member of the onion family (Alliaceae) grown for their leaves, which are used as an herb. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... For the town, see Clover, South Carolina. ... Binomial name Trifolium repens L. White Clover (Trifolium repens) is a species of clover native to Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. ... Binomial nomenclature Cucumis sativus Ref: ITIS 22364 The cucumber is the edible fruit of the cucumber plant Cucumis sativus, which belongs to the gourd family Cucurbitaceae, as do melons and squash. ... This article is about the fruits called melons. ... Pumpkins A pumpkin is a gourd (Cucurbitaceae), most commonly orange in colour when ripe, that grows from a trailing vine. ... Binomial name Vicia sativa Vetch or tare is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. ... Binomial name Vicia sativa Vetch or tare is a nitrogen fixing leguminous plant. ... Binominal name Epilobium angustifolium Fireweed or (mainly in British English formal botanical texts) Rosebay Willowherb (Epilobium angustifolium) is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Willowherb family (Onagraceae). ... Binomial name Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-Pye Weed (Eupatorium fistulosum) is an attractive wildflower that prefers moist, rich soil. ... Mallow is a plant species in the genus Malva or in one of several related genera of the Malvaceae, including Lavatera (tree mallow/rose mallow), Althaea (marsh mallow), Sidalcea (Greek mallow), Callirhoe (poppy mallow), and Abelmoschus (okra). ... Species About 20, see text : also numerous garden hybrids and cultivars The marigolds, genus Calendula L., are a genus of about 20 species of annual or perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family Asteraceae, native to the Mediterranean region and Macaronesia. ... Papaver rhoeas Poppy at High Wood cemetery, France. ... Sunflowers is also a painting by Vincent van Gogh. ... Species Zea diploperennis Zea luxurians Zea nicaraguensis Zea perennis References ITIS 42268 2002-09-22 Sorting Zea names This article is about the staple food. ... Categories: Plant stubs | Asteraceae ... Categories: Plant stubs | Asteraceae ...

Fall

Trees and shrubs

Flowers and annual crop plants

Source: Bienenweide Arbeitsblatt 207, Bieneninstitut Kirchhain, 2001 ASTER image ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) is one of five remote sensory devices on board the Terra satellite launched into Earth orbit by NASA in 1999. ... Binomial name Borago officinalis L. Borage (Borago officinalis) is an annual herb native to central and eastern Europe. ... Hemp is the common English name for the annual herb cannabis, (marijuana), which can be and is grown for numerous non-drug purposes, including fiber (e. ... Species See text The goldenrod is a flowering plant in the Family Asteraceae. ... This article is about the fruits called melons. ... Pumpkins A pumpkin is a gourd (Cucurbitaceae), most commonly orange in colour when ripe, that grows from a trailing vine. ...

See also

• Nectar source
• forage (honeybee)

Sources:

• Some Ohio Nectar and Pollen Producing Plants (http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2168.html) Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet, 2000, Dr. James Tew
• Honey Plants Flowering Plants/Trees (http://www.beeclass.com/DTS/master.htm) Dana Stahlman, 2004
• The pollen loads of the honeybee, Dorothy Hodges, Bee Research Association Limited, London, 1952