An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion (NO₃⁻). Areas coloured red are lower in energy than areas coloured yellow

A polyatomic ion is a molecule that bears ionic groups, that is, a molecule with a charge. The majority of biological compounds and inorganic species conform to this strict definition. Ordinarily however, the term refers to small collections of atoms, 3 to perhaps 50 atoms, such as many metal complexes and oxyanions such as sulfate. in Greek, the prefix poly- means "many," which to a chemist means three or more atoms. hey this is borning Image File history File links Download high resolution version (751x714, 303 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nitrate ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (751x714, 303 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Nitrate ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An electrostatic potential map of the nitrate ion. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... 3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ... This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... Properties For other meanings of Atom, see Atom (disambiguation). ... Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ... Definition An oxyanion is a polyatomic ion with a negative charge that contains oxygen. ... The sulfate anion, SO42− The structure and bonding of the sulfate ion In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a salt of sulfuric acid. ...

A polyatomic ion is an ion consisting of a molecule with covalently bonded atoms or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. The prefix poly- means many in Greek. Note, a polyatomic ion is also referred to in older works as a radical. In current usage the term radical refers to free radicals which are uncharged species with an unpaired electron. Some can be used in decomposition reactions, providing spectacular results, such as H₂, O₂ and iodine. This article is about the electrically charged particle. ... 3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ... Covalent redirects here. ... Properties For other meanings of Atom, see Atom (disambiguation). ... Synthesis of copper(II)-tetraphenylporphine, a metal complex, from tetraphenylporphine and copper(II) acetate monohydrate. ... For other uses, see Acid (disambiguation). ... Acids and bases: Acid-base extraction Acid-base reaction Acid dissociation constant Acidity function Buffer solutions pH Proton affinity Self-ionization of water Acids: Lewis acids Mineral acids Organic acids Strong acids Superacids Weak acids Bases: Lewis bases Organic bases Strong bases Superbases Non-nucleophilic bases Weak bases edit In... For other uses, see Chemistry (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... In chemistry, radicals (often referred to as free radicals) are atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons on an otherwise open shell configuration. ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ...

Hydroxide ions and ammonium ions

• A hydroxide ion is made of one oxygen atom and one hydrogen atom: its chemical formula is (OH)⁻. It has a charge of −1.
• An ammonium ion is made up of one nitrogen atom and four hydrogen atoms: its chemical formula is (NH₄)⁺. It has charge of +1.

A polyatomic ion can often be considered as the conjugate acid or conjugate base of a neutral molecule. For example the sulfate anion, SO₄²⁻, is derived from H₂SO₄ which can be regarded as SO₃ + H₂O. Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: OH− It has a charge of −1. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... The elementary charge (symbol e or sometimes q) is the electric charge carried by a single proton, or equivalently, the negative of the electric charge carried by a single electron. ... A ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt. ... General Name, symbol, number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Within the Brønsted-Lowry (protonic) theory of acids and bases, a conjugate acid is the acid member, HX, of a pair of two compounds that transform into each other by gain or loss of a proton. ... The sulfate anion, SO42− The structure and bonding of the sulfate ion In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a salt of sulfuric acid. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Template:Chembox new Sulfuric (or sulphuric) acid, H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... “SO3” redirects here. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

There are two "rules" that can be used for the learning the nomenclature of polyatomic ions. First, when the prefix bi- is added to a name, a hydrogen is added to the ion's formula and its charge is increased by 1. It is a consequence of the hydrogen ion carrying a +1 charge. An alternate to the bi- prefix is to use the word hydrogen in its place: the anion derived from H⁺ + CO₃²⁻, HCO₃⁻ can be called either bicarbonate or hydrogen carbonate. Ball-and-stick model of the carbonate ion, CO32− For other meanings, see Carbonate (disambiguation) In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid. ... For baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, a bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. ...

Note that many of the common polyatomic anions are conjugate bases of acids derived from the oxides of non-metallic elements. For example the sulfate anion, SO₄²⁻, is derived from H₂SO₄ which can be regarded as SO₃ + H₂O. An oxide is a chemical compound containing at least one oxygen atom and other elements. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionization and bonding properties. ... The sulfate anion, SO42− The structure and bonding of the sulfate ion In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a salt of sulfuric acid. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Template:Chembox new Sulfuric (or sulphuric) acid, H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... “SO3” redirects here. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ...

The second rule looks at the number of oxygens in an ion. Consider the chlorine oxoanion family: General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... Definition An oxyanion is a polyatomic ion with a negative charge that contains oxygen. ...

First, think of the -ate ion as being the "base" name, in which case the addition of a per- prefix adds an oxygen. Changing the -ate suffix to -ite will reduce the oxygens by one, and keeping the suffix -ite and adding the prefix hypo- reduces the number of oxygens by two. In all situations, the charge is not affected. The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form an anion (negatively-charged ion) Cl−. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and can also be called chlorides. ... The hypochlorite ion The hypochlorite ion is ClO−. A hypochlorite compound is a chemical compound containing this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +1. ... The chlorite ion This discusses some chlorine compounds. ... Definition The chlorate ion ClO3-. A chlorate (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +5. ... Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid (HClO4). ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... General Name, symbol, number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, period, block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 600 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1100 × 1100 pixel, file size: 184 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Polyatomic ion Chlorite... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 785 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1100 × 840 pixel, file size: 164 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Polyatomic ion Oxyanion... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 722 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1100 × 914 pixel, file size: 177 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Polyatomic ion Oxyanion... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 596 × 599 pixel Image in higher resolution (1094 × 1100 pixel, file size: 218 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Polyatomic ion Oxyanion... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 594 × 600 pixel Image in higher resolution (1089 × 1100 pixel, file size: 212 KB, MIME type: image/png) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Polyatomic ion Oxyanion...

It is important to note that these rules will not work with all polyatomic ions, but they do work with the most common ones (sulfate, phosphate, nitrate, chlorate).

List of polyatomic ions

Caution: chemists classify ions and molecules even when such species do not exist to any appreciable extent. For example, small ions with high charges are very rare, as illustrated by the fact that oxide, O^2-, has not been observed in solution and is not considered as a component in reaction mechanisms. Similarly, orthosilicate, SiO₄^4- enjoys no status as an ion in aqueous solution, except perhaps under extreme temperatures. In general, ions that have charges greater than 2- do not exist in solution unless they are protonated. In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical change occurs. ... The silicate minerals make up the the largest and most important class of rock-forming minerals. ...

An acetate, or ethanoate, is a salt or ester of acetic acid. ... An aluminate is a compound containing aluminium and oxygen with more electropositive elements. ... Amide functional group Amides possess a conjugated system spread over the O, C and N atoms, consisting of molecular orbitals occupied by delocalized electrons. ... A ball-and-stick model of the ammonium cation Ammonium is also an old name for the Siwa Oasis in western Egypt. ... The antimonate ion is Sb(OH)6-. An antimonate (compound) is some compound that contains this ion. ... The antimonite ion is H2SbO3-, or similar. ... The arsenate ion is AsO43-. An arsenate (compound) is some compound that contains this ion. ... The arsenite ion is H2AsO3−, or similar. ... An azide is the N3- anion, the anion of hydrazoic acid or a reactive group in organic chemistry where a carbon substituent is attached as RN3. ... The benzoate ion is C6H5COO− (benzoic acid minus one hydrogen ion). ... For baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, a bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. ... Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron bonded to three oxygen atoms written as B(OR)3. ... Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron bonded to three oxygen atoms written as B(OR)3. ... Borates in chemistry are chemical compounds containing boron bonded to three oxygen atoms written as B(OR)3. ... The bromate ion is BrO3−. A bromate is a compound that contains this group. ... Calcium carbide. ... Ball-and-stick model of the carbonate ion, CO32− For other meanings, see Carbonate (disambiguation) In chemistry, a carbonate is a salt or ester of carbonic acid. ... Definition The chlorate ion ClO3-. A chlorate (compound) is a compound that contains this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +5. ... The chlorite ion This discusses some chlorine compounds. ... A sample of ammonium dichromate Chromates and dichromates are salts of chromic acid and dichromic acid, respectively. ... Chromite, iron magnesium chromium oxide: (Fe,Mg)Cr2O4, is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. ... Chemical strucutre of citric acid. ... The cyanate ion is an anion consisting of one oxygen atom, one carbon atom, and one nitrogen atom (OCN−), in that order, and possesses 1 unit of negative charge, borne mainly by the nitrogen atom. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... Chromates and Dichromates are salts of chromic acid. ... In inorganic chemistry, a phosphate is a salt of phosphoric acid. ... Dioxygenyl ion IUPAC Name Molecular oxygen CAS Number 58238-79-2 Molecular formula O2 ... In chemistry, a disulfide is an ion formed by sulfur atoms. ... A ferrate is the anion FeO42- in which iron is in a +6 formal oxidation state (iron VI). ... The ferricyanide ion is Fe(CN)63-. Its systematic name is hexacyanoferrate(III) ion, but its old name is most common. ... The ferrocyanide ion is Fe(CN)64-. Using IUPAC nomenclature, this would be called hexacyanoferrate(II) ion, but the old name is most common. ... Formate or methanoate is the ion is HCOO- (formic acid minus one hydrogen ion). ... Fulminates are chemical compounds which includes the fulminate anion. ... P-toluenesulfonylhydrazide (1) and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzenesulfonylhydrazide (2) Hydrazides in organic chemistry are a class of organic compounds sharing a common functional group characterized by a nitrogen to nitrogen covalent bond with 4 substituents with at least one of them this acyl group. ... For baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate In inorganic chemistry, a bicarbonate (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogencarbonate) is an intermediate form in the deprotonation of carbonic acid. ... This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Structure of bisulfite In inorganic chemistry, the bisulfite (IUPAC-recommended nomenclature: hydrogen sulfite) ion is the HSO3− ion. ... Hydrogen telluride is H2Te, the simplest hydride of tellurium. ... In chemistry, hydronium is the common name for the cation H3O+ derived from protonation of water. ... Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: OH− It has a charge of −1. ... Hypobromous acid is a weak, unstable acid with chemical formula HOBr. ... The hypochlorite ion The hypochlorite ion is ClO−. A hypochlorite compound is a chemical compound containing this group, with chlorine in oxidation state +1. ... Flash point non-flammable RTECS number  ? Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... SO22− hyposulfite ion Hyposulfite, SO22−, is a polyatomic ion, in which more than one atom are bonded together to form a charged species, which most often is treated as, in effect, a charged molecule. ... The periodate ion is IO4- or IO65-. A periodate is a compound that contains this group. ... An iodate is a salt of iodic acid. ... Space-filling model of the triiodide anion Triiodide is an anion composed of three iodine atoms. ... Isocyanate is the chemical group of atoms -N=C=O (1 nitrogen, 1 carbon, 1 oxygen), as opposed to cyanate, -O-C≡N, which is formed from cyanogen in the normal -ate manner. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 200. ... Definition The manganate ion is MnO42-. A manganate is a compound that contains this group. ... The molybdate ion is MoO42-. A molybdate (compound) is a compound containing the molybdate ion, or more complicated polymeric ions. ... Trinitrate redirects here. ... // Definition The nitrite ion is NO2−. A nitrite compound is one that contains this group, either an ionic compound, or an analogous covalent one. ... An oxalate (called also: ethanedioate) is a salt or ester of oxalic acid. ... Ozonide is an unstable, reactive polyatomic anion O3-, derived from ozone, or an organic compound similar to organic peroxide formed by a reaction of ozone with an unsaturated compound. ... The perbromate ion is BrO4-. A perbromate is a compound that contains this group. ... Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid (HClO4). ... The structure of the permanganate anion A permanganate is a chemical compound that contains the permanganate ion (MnO4−). Because manganese is in the +7 oxidation state, the permanganate ion is a strong oxidizer. ... A peroxide is a compound containing an oxygen-oxygen single bond. ... The perrhenate ion is ReO4-. A perrhenate is a compound containing this ion. ... Persulfates are the salts of Persulfuric acid. ... Persulfates are the salts of Persulfuric acid. ... The pertechnetate ion is TcO4-. A pertechnetate is a compound containing this ion. ... A phosphate, in inorganic chemistry, is a salt of phosphoric acid. ... The phosphite ion is a polyatomic ion with phosphorus as its central atom. ... The plumbate ion is PbO32- or Pb(OH)62-. A plumbate (compound) is a compound containing this ion. ... The plumbite ion is Pb(OH)3-, or similar. ... Pyridinium cation Pyridinium refers to the cationic form of pyridine. ... In chemistry, the anion, the salts, and the esters of pyrophosphoric acid are called pyrophosphates. ... A pyrylium compound is a conjugated 6 membered carbon ring system with one carbon atom replaced by a positively charged oxygen atom forming a salt with a negatively charged counterion [1]. It is the oxygen pendant of benzene and shares with it aromatic properties. ... Categories: Chemistry stubs ... The selenate ion is SeO42-. Selenates are analogous to sulfates and have similar chemistry. ... The selenite ion is SeO32-. A selenite (compound) is a compound that contains this ion. ... In chemistry, a silicate is a compound containing an anion in which one or more central silicon atoms are surrounded by electronegative ligands. ... Metasilicate can refer to: Sodium metasilicate Calcium metasilicate Barium metasilicate Category: ... The silicate minerals make up the the largest and most important class of rock-forming minerals. ... The stannate ion is SnO32- or Sn(OH)62-. A stannate (compound) is a compound containing this ion. ... The stannite ion is Sn(OH)3-, or similar. ... The sulfate anion, SO42− The structure and bonding of the sulfate ion In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a salt of sulfuric acid. ... Sulfites (also sulphite) are compounds that contain the sulfite ion SO32−. They are often used as preservatives in wines (to prevent spoilage and oxidation), dried fruits, and dried potato products. ... A sulfonium ion, also known as sulfonium compound, is a positively charged sulfur atom carrying three alkyl groups as substituents (S+R3). ... Lewis electron configuration of superoxide. ... A tartrate is a salt or ester of the organic compound tartaric acid, a dicarboxylic acid. ... The tellurate ion is TeO42- or TeO66-. See category for a list. ... The tellurate ion is TeO42- or TeO66-. See category for a list. ... Tellurite is a mineral, TeO2. ... The structure and bonding of the thiocyanate ion Thiocyanate (also known as sulphocyanate or thiocyanide) is the anion, [SCN]−. Common compounds include the colourless salts potassium thiocyanate and sodium thiocyanate. ... It has been suggested that thiosulfate ion be merged into this article or section. ... The tosylate group with a generic R group attached (where R can be anything, typically a carbon). ... Triflate, more formally known as trifluoromethanesulfonate, is a functional group with the formula CF3SO3-. The triflate group is often represented by -OTf, as opposed to -Tf. ... The tungstate ion is WO42-. A tungstate (compound) is a compound containing the tungstate ion, or more complicated polymeric ions. ... The uranyl ion, showing the U-O bond order of 3 Diagram of a uranyl ion. ... Vanadium(V) oxide (V2O5), commonly known as vanadium pentoxide, is the most important compound of vanadium. ... The vanadyl cation, VO2+ The vanadyl or oxovanadium(IV) cation, [VO]2+, is a blue-coloured vanadium oxocation. ...

See also

• Monatomic ion
• Salt
• Mass spectrometry
• Hydrogen peroxide
• Molecule
• Organic elements

A monatomic ion is an ion consisting of a single atom. ... For other uses, see Salt (disambiguation). ... Mass spectrometry (previously called mass spectroscopy (deprecated)[1] or informally, mass-spec and MS) is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , ,, , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related compounds Water Ozone Hydrazine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colourless in... 3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ... The so-called organic elements are molecule fragments often encountered in organic chemistry. ...

External links

• List of polyatomic ions
• A Beginner's Guide To Polyatomic Ions.
• Tables of Common Polyatomic Ions. Also a source for PDB files (PDB information)