Polymer banknotes were developed by the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) and the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and were first issued as currency in Australia in 1988. These banknotes are made from the polymer biaxially-oriented polypropylene (BOPP) which greatly enhances durability of the banknotes. Polymer banknotes also incorporate many security features not available to paper banknotes, making counterfeiting much more difficult. The Reserve Bank of Australia came into being on 14 January 1960 to operate as Australias central bank and banknote issuing authority. ... The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... A £20 Bank of England banknote. ... A polymer (from Greek: πολυ, polu, many; and μέρος, meros, part) is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Polypropylene is a thermoplastic polymer, used in a wide variety of applications, including Australian banknotes. ... For other uses, see Paper (disambiguation). ... A counterfeit is an imitation that is made with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins. ...

Trading as Securency the RBA with Innovia Films (a subsidiary of the UCB group) market BOPP as 'Guardian' for countries with their own banknote printing facilities. Note Printing Australia (a subsidiary of the RBA) prints commemorative banknotes and banknotes for circulation and has done so for 20 countries. UCB (Euronext: UCB ) is a Belgian biopharmaceutical manufacturer headquartered in Brussels. ... Note Printing Australia (NPA), which is located in Craigieburn, Melbourne, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Reserve Bank of Australia and was corporatised in July 1998. ...

An alternative polymer of polyethylene fibres marketed as Tyvek by DuPont was developed for use as currency by the American Bank Note Company in the early 1980s. Tyvek did not perform well in trials, smudging of ink and fragility were reported problems. Only Costa Rica and Haiti issued Tyvek banknotes (test notes were produced for Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras and Venezuela but never placed in circulation); additionally, English printers Bradbury Wilkinson produced a version on Tyvek but marketed as Bradvek for the Isle of Man in 1983; however, they are no longer produced and have become collectors' items. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Tyvek house wrap Tyvek suit Tyvek USPS Express Mail Envelope Tyvek is a brand of spunbonded olefin, a synthetic material made of high-density polyethylene fibers; the name is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company. ... This article is about E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. ... Bradbury Wilkinson & Co were an English engravers and printers of banknotes, postage stamps and share certificates. ... Tyvek house wrap Tyvek suit Tyvek USPS Express Mail Envelope Tyvek is a brand of spunbonded olefin, a synthetic material made of high-density polyethylene fibers; the name is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company. ... Bradvek was a form of Tyvek polymer, produced by Du Pont. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... // The hobby of collecting consists of acquiring specific items based on a particular interest of the collector. ...

Development of polymer banknotes

A R$10,00 (ten reais) polymer Brazilian banknote released on April, 2000 as a special edition commemorating the country's 500th anniversary

Polymer banknotes were developed to increase the security of Australia's paper currency against counterfeiting. In 1967 forgeries of the Australian $10 note were found in circulation and the RBA was concerned about an increase in counterfeiting with the release of colour photocopiers that year. In 1968 the RBA started collaborations with the CSIRO and funds were made available in 1969 for the experimental production of distinctive papers. File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ISO 4217 Code BRL User(s) Brazil Inflation 3. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also: 1969 (number) 1969 (movie) 1969 (Stargate SG-1) episode. ...

The insertion of an optically variable device (OVD) created from diffraction gratings in plastic as a security device inserted in banknotes was proposed in 1972. The first patent arising from the development of polymer banknotes was filed in 1973. In 1974 the technique of lamination was used to combine materials; the all-plastic laminate eventually chosen was a clear, BOPP laminate, in which OVDs could be inserted without needing to punch holes. The BOPP substrate is processed through the following steps: To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Year 1972 (MCMLXXII) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Patent (disambiguation). ... For the song by James Blunt, see 1973 (song). ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Laminate flooring Laminated core transformer A laminate is a material constructed by uniting two or more layers of material together. ...

• Opacifying - two layers of ink (usually white) are applied to each side of the note, except for an area(s) that is deliberately left clear for creating an OVD;
• Sheeting - the substrate is cut into sheets suitable for the printing press;
• Printing - traditional offset, intaglio and letterpress printing processes are used; and
• Overcoating - notes are coated with a protective varnish.

BOPP is a non-fibrous and non-porous polymer. Compared to paper banknotes, banknotes made using BOPP are more durable, harder to tear, more resistant to folding, more resistant to soil, waterproof (and washing machine proof), easier to machine process, and are shreddable and recyclable at the end of their useful lives. On the downside, they have a slightly less robust feel in the hand due to their slipperiness, their higher "springiness" makes them resistant to folding, and if they are crease-folded by running a hard object along the crease, the crease is semi-permanent. Small tears are hard to initiate but the very low internal tear resistance of polymer notes results in fragmentation if they do occur. On heating to around 100 - 120C the notes shrink dramatically. Offset printing is a widely used printing technique where the inked image is transferred (or offset) from a plate to a rubber blanket, then to the printing surface. ... For other uses, see Intaglio. ... Letterpress printing is the oldest printing technique, in which a raised surface is inked and then pressed against a smooth substance to obtain an image in reverse. ... For other uses, see Print. ... This article is about varnish. ... Front-loading washing machine. ... The international symbol for recycling. ...

Security features

The traditional printed security features applied on paper can also be applied on polymer. These features include intaglio, offset and letterpress printing, latent images, micro-printing, and intricate background patterns. Polymer notes can be different colours on the obverse and reverse sides. Like paper currency, polymer banknotes can incorporate a watermark (an optically variable 'shadow image') in the polymer substrate. Shadow images can be created by the application of Optically Variable Ink (OVI) enhancing its fidelity and colour shift characteristics. Security threads can also be embedded in the polymer note; they may be magnetic, fluorescent, phosphorescent, microprinted, clear text, as well as windowed. Like paper, the polymer can also be embossed. Latent Image can mean a few things: Latent image, a photographic term Latent image, a bondage magazine Latent Image, a fifth season episode of Star Trek: Voyager This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Microprinting is one of many anti-counterfeiting techniques used most often on currency and bank checks, as well as various other items of value. ... This article is about physical paper watermarks. ... A security thread is a security feature of many bank notes to protect against counterfeiting, consisting of a thin ribbon which is threaded through the notes paper. ... Magnetic Ink Character Recognition, or MICR, is a special kind of optical character recognition technology that was adopted mainly by the U.S. banking industry to facilitate the processing of checks. ... Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ... In common use, phosphorescence also refers to the emission of light by bioluminescent plankton, and some other forms of chemoluminescence. ... Microprinting is one of many anti-counterfeiting techniques used most often on currency and bank checks, as well as various other items of value. ... In data communications, cleartext is the form of a message or data which is transferred or stored without cryptographic protection. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Polymer notes also enabled new security features unavailable at the time on paper, such as transparent windows, and diffraction grating. Since 2006 however the development of the paper transparent window technologies by De La Rue (Optiks) and G&D (Verify) have reduced that advantage. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The transparent window where the OVD is located is a key security feature of the polymer banknote. It is easily identifiable allowing anyone to be able to authenticate a banknote.

Because the polymer bank note contains many security features that cannot be successfully reproduced by photocopying or scanning, it is very difficult to counterfeit. The complexities of counterfeiting polymer banknotes are proposed to act as a deterrent to counterfeiters. In computing, a scanner is a device that analyzes images, printed text, or handwriting, or an object (such as an ornament) and converts it to a digital image. ...

See also Security printing Security printing is the field of the printing industry that deals with the printing of items such as banknotes, passports, stock certificates, postage stamps and identity cards. ...

Adoption of polymer banknotes

50 peso note from Mexico.

As of 2008, five countries have converted fully to polymer banknotes: Australia, New Zealand, Romania, Vietnam, and Brunei. Other countries with notes printed on Guardian polymer in circulation include: Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, Hong Kong (for a 2-year trial), Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Mexico, Nepal, Papua New Guinea, Singapore, Solomon Islands (no longer issued), Sri Lanka, Thailand, Samoa and Zambia. Countries that have issued commemorative banknotes (which are not in circulation) on Guardian polymer include: The People's Republic of China, The Republic of China (Taiwan), Kuwait, Northern Ireland¹ and Singapore. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 352 pixelsFull resolution (1510 × 664 pixel, file size: 685 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 352 pixelsFull resolution (1510 × 664 pixel, file size: 685 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby release it into the public domain. ... 2008 (MMVIII) will be a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... This article is about the constituent country. ...

Timeline of adoptions and withdrawals

• In 1982 and 1983, the American Bank Note Company printed banknotes for Costa Rica (20 colones dated 1983 and trial notes of 100 colones) and Haiti (1, 2, 50, 100, 250 and 500 Gourdes, on DuPont's Tyvek polymers. These had fairly limited release, but did circulate in each country. Additional trial and specimen banknotes were developed for Honduras, Ecuador and El Salvador. Unfortunately, in tropical climates, ink did not bind well to the polymer and the notes began smearing quite badly.

• In 1983, the British printers Bradbury Wilkinson produced a promotional version of polymer banknotes which were marketed as Bradvek. The Isle of Man issued a 1 pound Bradvek banknote which circulated from 1983 to 1988. Another British printer, Harrison and Sons Limited also produced a promotional banknote, but did not have any buyers.

• In 1988, Australia issued a commemorative 10-dollar banknote, the first of many issues.

• In 1990, Western Samoa, later renamed Samoa issued a 2 Tala commemorative banknote honouring 50 years of service by His Highness Susaga Malietoa Tunumafili II. This banknote was placed in circulation and has the distinction of having the longest period of circulation, as of 2006 it had been circulating for 16 years, and has been reprinted with minor variations at least 7 times.

• In August 1990, Singapore issued a $50 commemorative banknote, and in 2004 issued its first circulating $10 banknote, followed by a $2 issue in 2006. The $5 banknote and the commemorative $20 banknote was issued in 2007.

• In June 1991, Papua New Guinea issued a commemorative 2 Kina banknote, its first polymer issue.

• In 1992, Australia began issuing polymer notes for general circulation.

• In February 1993, Kuwait issued the first of its commemorative banknotes, a 1 Dinar issue honouring the liberation of Kuwait during the First Gulf War.

• In 1993, Indonesia issued its first polymer banknote, the 50,000 rupiah note commemorating 25 years of development. A paper equivalent was also available at the same time.

• In 1996, Australia became the first country with a full set of circulating polymer banknotes in each denomination, from 5 to 100 dollars.

Thailand 50 baht note

• In 1996, Thailand issued both a 50 and a 500 baht note commemorating the 50th anniversary of the reign of Bhumibol Adulyadej.

• In February 1996, Brunei issued 1, 5 and 10 ringgit banknotes. These were the first non-commemorative banknotes issued outside of Australia (and the 1982 issues).

• In 1997, Thailand issued a 50 baht note as its first polymer note for general circulation.

• In February 1998, Sri Lanka issued a 200 Rupee commemorative polymer banknote.

• In 1998, Malaysia issued a commemorative banknote in conjunction with the XVI Commonwealth Games; it issued a 5 ringgit circulating banknote in 2004.

• On 3 May 1999, New Zealand released the polymer $20 note, by the end of the year replacing all denominations from $5 to $100 with polymer banknotes.

2000 lei note from Romania

• In 1999, Romania was the first European country to introduce a full set of circulating polymer banknotes (the banknotes were issued between 1999 and 2001).

• In 1999, Indonesia issued its first polymer banknote for general circulation, the 100,000 rupiah note.

• In June 1999, the Republic of China (Taiwan) issued a 50-dollar note to commemorate the 50th anniversary of the issuance of the New Taiwan dollar.

• In 1999, the Northern Bank, one of five banknote-issuing authorities in Northern Ireland issued a 5-pound commemorative note celebrating the year 2000; this note was placed in circulation, and was also sold at a premium to collectors with a Y2K serial number prefix.

• In April 2000, Brazil released a 10 real polymer bill to celebrate the 500th anniversary of the Portuguese arrival in America. Casa da Moeda do Brasil printed 250 million banknotes, around half the 10 real bills in circulation.

• In November 2000, the People's Republic of China issued a 100 yuan note to commemorate the millennium.

• In December 2000, Bangladesh issued 10-Taka polymer notes.

• In 2000, the Chatham Islands issued the first of three sets of commemorative banknotes for the collecting market.

• In June 2001, the Solomon Islands issued $2 polymer banknotes, however they reverted back to paper notes in 2006.

• In the summer of 2001, Vietnam issued a 50-dong commemorative banknote.

• In February 2002, Nepal issued a 10 rupee polymer banknote, commemorating the new King Gyanendra. In 2005 it issued a version for circulation without the commemorative text.

• In September 2002, Mexico switched 20 peso banknotes from paper to polymer banknotes. Two more new polymer notes issued in 2006, for the 20 pesos (new design) and 50 pesos. [1]

• In 2003, Zambia was the first African country to adopt polymer banknotes, with 500 and 1000 kwacha denominations.

• In November 2003, Papua New Guinea issued a 20 kina banknote, and began the process of issuing all denominations in polymer format. The only remaining denomination not in polymer is the 5 kina note.

• From December 2003 to August 2006, Vietnam adopted polymer banknote in 10,000, 20,000, 50,000, 100,000, 200,000 and 500,000 đồng for general circulation,[2] becoming the fourth country to fully convert to polymer notes.

• In September 2004, the 2000 Chilean peso bills began to be issued in polymer banknotes

• In 2004 it was estimated that there were over 3 billion polymer notes in service.

• In 2004, the only polymer note for general circulation in Thailand, the 50 baht note issued in 1997, was reissued in paper format. Commemorative notes continue to be issued in polymer format.

• In 2004, the only polymer note for general circulation in Indonesia, the 100,000 rupiah note issued in 1999, was re-issued on paper.

• In 2005, Papua New Guinea issued the new 100 kina note, its first denomination that was never printed in paper format.

• In July 2005, Romania became the first country to issue a full second generation of plastic notes of each of its denominations; the notes bearing the same design format as the old notes, but their size brings them in line with euro banknotes, and are denominated in a reformed currency where 1 new leu = 10,000 lei

• In 2005, Bulgaria issued the first hybrid paper/polymer banknotes, denominated 20 (new) leva, featuring two plastic "windows" and a hologram.

• In November 2006 Mexico issued a new 50 pesos polymer banknotes.

• In 2006 CSIRO, the Australian Government agency issued a non legal tender polymer note to celebrate 80th year of the formation of CSIRO. These notes were issued and distributed to staff members and at selected public events.^[1]

• On February 28, 2007, Nigeria issued the 20 naira note as polymer banknotes.

• In mid 2007, Hong Kong issued the polymer 10 dollar note for a 2-year trial period.

• In June 2007, Brunei became the fifth country to fully convert to polymer notes.

• In August 2007, Guatemala issued a 1 quetzal polymer banknote.

• In 2008, Nicaragua will issue a 200 Córdobas polymer banknote, and will adopt polymer banknotes for the 20 and 10 Córdobas denominations.

• On 13 April 2008, Israel started to issue 20 NIS Banknotes, due to the high deterioration of 20 NIS paper banknotes. The Israeli polymer notes are printed by Orell Füssli Security Printing of Zürich, Switzerland.

Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... The American Bank Note Company is a major worldwide engraver of national currency, postage stamps and stock and bond certificates. ... This article is about E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. ... Tyvek house wrap Tyvek suit Tyvek USPS Express Mail Envelope Tyvek is a brand of spunbonded olefin, a synthetic material made of high-density polyethylene fibers; the name is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... Bradbury Wilkinson & Co were an English engravers and printers of banknotes, postage stamps and share certificates. ... Bradvek was a form of Tyvek polymer, produced by Du Pont. ... For the Jimi Hendrix song, see 1983. ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar). ... This article is about the year. ... The Independent State of Samoa (conventional long form) or Samoa (conventional short form) is a country comprising a group of islands in the South Pacific Ocean. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... For other uses, see Iraq war (disambiguation). ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 349 pixelsFull resolution (1700 × 741 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 349 pixelsFull resolution (1700 × 741 pixel, file size: 1. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Bhumibol Adulyadej (Thai: ; IPA: ; Royal Institute: Phumiphon Adunyadet;  ) (born Saturday,December 5, 1927 in the Year of the Rabbit), is the current King of Thailand. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Current flag of the Commonwealth Games Federation Locations of the games, and participating countries Commonwealth Games Federation seal, adopted in 2001 The Commonwealth Games is a multinational, multi-sport event. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Image File history File links ROL_2000_1999_obverse. ... Image File history File links ROL_2000_1999_obverse. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... ISO 4217 Code TWD User(s) Republic of China Inflation 0. ... ISO 4217 Code TWD User(s) Republic of China Inflation 0. ... Events of 2008: (EMILY) Me Lesley and MIley are going to China! This article is about the year. ... Northern Bank, is a commercial bank in Northern Ireland. ... This article is about the constituent country. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... ISO 4217 Code BRL User(s) Brazil Inflation 3. ... The Casa da Moeda do Brazil is the Brazilian mint, owned by the Brazilian government and administratively subordinated to the Ministry of Finances. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... CNY and RMB redirect here. ... A millennium (pl. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Chatham Islands from space. ... This article is about the year. ... This article is about the year. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... King Gyanendra King Gyanendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev of Nepal (born July 7, 1947) has been the king of Nepal since June 2001. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Also see: 2002 (number). ... ISO 4217 Code MXN User(s) Mexico Inflation 3. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other uses, see Euro (disambiguation). ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) is the national government body for scientific research in Australia. ... is the 59th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... naira sign The naira is the currency of Nigeria. ... For other uses, see June (disambiguation). ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... ISO 4217 Code GTQ User(s) Guatemala Inflation 6. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... This article or section needs additional references or sources to improve its verifiability. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... Nis may refer to NiÅ¡, a city in Serbia and Montenegro miscapitalized NIS This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ...

References

Numismatics Portal

Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (910x910, 596 KB)Media:Example. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Era (or Anno Domini), in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 131st day of the year (132nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Notes

• Note 1: Although the 5 pound Northern Bank polymer banknote was a one-off commemorative issued, unconventionally, in portrait orientation to mark the year 2000, it was in general circulation, with normal serial numbers (the commemorative version has serial numbers beginning with "Y2K", normal versions with "MM"). It is the only Northern Bank note currently in circulation which was not affected by the recall of all the bank's notes as a result of the 26.5 million pound raid on its Belfast headquarters on 20 December 2004.