For other uses, see FAT. Fats consist of a wide group of compounds that are generally soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water. ... An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there are one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain. ... For discussion how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health, see Diet and heart disease. ... A trans fatty acid (commonly shortened to trans fat) is an unsaturated fatty acid molecule that contains a trans double bond between carbon atoms, which makes the molecule less kinked compared to cis fat. Research suggests a correlation between diets high in trans fats and diseases like atherosclerosis and coronary... Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have in common a carbon-carbon double bond in the ω-3 position. ... Omega-6 fatty acids are fatty acids where the term omega-6 signifies that the first double bond in the carbon backbone of the fatty acid, counting from the end opposite the acid group, occurs in the sixth carbon-carbon bond. ... Omega-9 fatty acids are a class of unsaturated fatty acids which have a C=C double bond in the ω-9 position. ... Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. ... Interesterified fats are oils (such as soybean oil) that have been chemically modified. ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that cannot be constructed within an organism from other components (generally all references are to humans) by any known chemical pathways; and therefore must be obtained from the diet. ...

Chemistry

In nutrition, polyunsaturated fat is an abbreviation of polyunsaturated fatty acid. That is a fatty acid in which more than one double bond exists within the representative molecule. That is, the molecule has two or more points on its structure capable of supporting hydrogen atoms not currently part of the structure. Polyunsaturated fatty acids can assume a cis or trans conformation depending on the geometry of the double bond. In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid often with a long unbranched aliphatic tail (chain), which is either saturated or unsaturated. ... Covalent bonding is a form of chemical bonding characterized by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms, in order to produce a mutual attraction, which holds the resultant molecule together. ... 3D (left and center) and 2D (right) representations of the terpenoid molecule atisane. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Properties For alternative meanings see atom (disambiguation). ... In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. ... CIS usually refers to: Commonwealth of Independent States, a modern-day political entity consisting of 11 former Soviet Union Republics CIS is also an acronym for: Canadian Interuniversity Sport Cancer Information Service Carcinoma in situ Centre for Independent Studies Center for Immigration Studies Chinese International School Cisalpino Citizenship & Immigration Services... Trans is a Latin noun or prefix, meaning across, beyond or on the opposite side [of] . It is the opposite of cis, which means on the same side [of]. In chemistry, a double bond (or ring) not subject to free rotation in which the greater radical on both ends is... Conformational isomerism is the phenomenon of molecules with the same structural formula but different conformations (conformers) of atoms about a rotating bond. ...

The lack of the extra hydrogen atoms on the molecule's surface typically reduces the strength of the compound's intermolecular forces, thus causing the melting point of the compound to be significantly lower. This property can be observed by comparing predominately unsaturated vegetable oils, which remain liquid even at relatively low temperatures, to much more saturated fats such as butter or lard which are mainly solid at room temperature. Trans fats are more similar to saturated fat than are cis fats in many respects, including the fact that they solidify at a lower temperature. In physics, chemistry, and biology, intermolecular forces are forces that act between stable molecules or between functional groups of macromolecules. ... The melting point of a crystalline solid is the temperature range at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The term saturation generally means thoroughly full, and can refer to the following: In chemistry, see saturation (chemistry) for a number of meanings. ... A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ... Synthetic motor oil An oil is any substance that is in a viscous liquid state (oily) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally water fearing) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally fat loving). This general definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated... For other uses, see Liquid (disambiguation). ... Saturated fat is fat that consists of triglycerides containing only saturated fatty acids. ... For other uses, see Butter (disambiguation). ... This article is about the fat. ... For other uses, see Solid (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Room temperature (disambiguation). ... A trans fatty acid (commonly shortened to trans fat) is an unsaturated fatty acid molecule that contains a trans double bond between carbon atoms, which makes the molecule less kinked compared to cis fat. Research suggests a correlation between diets high in trans fats and diseases like atherosclerosis and coronary... CIS usually refers to: Commonwealth of Independent States, a modern-day political entity consisting of 11 former Soviet Union Republics CIS is also an acronym for: Canadian Interuniversity Sport Cancer Information Service Carcinoma in situ Centre for Independent Studies Center for Immigration Studies Chinese International School Cisalpino Citizenship & Immigration Services...

Chemical structure of the polyunsaturated fat linoleic acid.

3D representation of linoleic acid in a bent conformation.

A fatty acid has a carboxylic acid at one end and a methyl group at the other end. Carbon atoms in a fatty acid are identified by Greek letters on the basis of their distance from the carboxylic acid. The carbon atom closest to the carboxylic acid is the alpha carbon, the next adjacent carbon is the beta carbon, etc. In a long-chain fatty acid the carbon atom in the methyl group is called the omega carbon because omega is the last letter of the Greek alphabet. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 100 pixelsFull resolution (1204 × 150 pixel, file size: 4 KB, MIME type: image/png) Chemical structure of linoleic acid created with ChemDraw. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 100 pixelsFull resolution (1204 × 150 pixel, file size: 4 KB, MIME type: image/png) Chemical structure of linoleic acid created with ChemDraw. ... Linoleic acid (LA) is an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Linoleic acid (LA) is an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. ... Conformational isomerism is the phenomenon of molecules with the same structural formula but different conformations (conformers) of atoms about a rotating bond. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid The 3D structure of the carboxyl group A space-filling model of the carboxyl group Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)OH, usually written -COOH or -CO2H. [1] Carboxylic acids are Bronsted... In chemistry a methyl-group is a hydrophobic Alkyl functional group which is derived from methane (CH4). ... For other uses, see Carbon (disambiguation). ... The Greek alphabet (Greek: ) is an alphabet consisting of 24 letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 8th or early 9th century BC. It was the first alphabet in the narrow sense, that is, a writing system using a separate symbol for each vowel...

Omega-3 fatty acids have a double bond three carbons away from the methyl carbon, whereas omega-6 fatty acids have a double bond six carbons away from the methyl carbon. The illustration below shows the omega-6 fatty acid, linoleic acid. Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have in common a carbon-carbon double bond in the ω-3 position. ... Omega-6 fatty acids are fatty acids where the term omega-6 signifies that the first double bond in the carbon backbone of the fatty acid, counting from the end opposite the acid group, occurs in the sixth carbon-carbon bond. ... Linoleic acid (LA) is an unsaturated omega-6 fatty acid. ...

Health

Benefits

Polyunsaturated fat, along with monounsaturated fat are "healthy fats," the amount of which in one's daily diet should be near 25 g (in a 2000 calorie-per-day diet).^{[citation needed]} Polyunsaturated fat can be found mostly in grain products, fish and sea food (herring, salmon, mackerel, halibut), soybeans, and fish oil. Foods like mayonnaise and soft margarine may also be good sources, but nutritional facts can vary by style and brand. Omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil, fish and seafood lower the total amount of fat in the blood, which can lower blood pressure and decrease the risk of getting cardiovascular diseases.^[1] Omega-6 fatty acids in sunflower oil and safflower oil also reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease, but can contribute to allergies and inflammation. ^{[citation needed]} Polyunsaturated fat may lower LDL and HDL cholesterol. ^[2] For discussion how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health, see Diet and heart disease. ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Spaghetti with seafood (Spaghetti allo scoglio). ... A sphygmomanometer, a device used for measuring arterial pressure. ... Cardiovascular disease refers to the class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins). ... Sunflower Oil is the non-volatile oil expressed from sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds. ... Safflower oil is an oil extracted from the safflower seed. ... Allergy is an abnormal reaction to a substance foreign to the body that is acquired, predictable and rapid. ... An abscess on the skin, showing the redness and swelling characteristic of inflammation. ... Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying somewhat in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by various cells. ... HDL is an initialism that may refer to any of the following: High density lipoprotein Hardware description language german: Hab Dich Lieb This page concerning a three-letter acronym or abbreviation is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Foods Containing Polyunsaturated fat

• fish
• cereal
• whole grain wheat
• peanuts

For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... This article is about cereals in general. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat Wheat For the indie rock group, see Wheat (band). ... For other uses, see Peanut (disambiguation). ...

Polyunsaturated fats and cancer

Some studies have shown that consuming high amounts of polyunsaturated fat may increase the risk of an individual developing cancer.^{[citation needed]} This is thought to be because polyunsaturated fat is prone to oxidation, which leads to the generation of free radicals. Studies on animals have shown a link between polyunsaturated fat and the incidence of tumours. In some of these studies the incidence of tumours increased with increasing intake of polyunsaturated fat, up to about 5% of total energy, near to the middle of the current dietary intake in humans. However, studies in humans have found little evidence of an association between polyunsaturated fat and the risk on cancer. It is advised that the level of polyunsaturated fats in the diet be regulated, although the effect on health may be more beneficial than harmful in terms of its effect on reducing cholesterol levels. Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... In chemistry free radicals are uncharged atomic or molecular species with unpaired electrons or an otherwise open shell configuration. ...

See also

• Monounsaturated fat
• For listings of particular classes, see
  • Polyunsaturated fatty acid
  • Omega-3 fatty acid
  • Omega-6 fatty acid
  • Omega-9 fatty acid
  • Conjugated linoleic acid
• Essential fatty acid - for biochemistry of most polyunsaturated fats
• Essential fatty acid interactions - for the interactions between ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids
• Unsaturated fat

For discussion how dietary fats affect cardiovascular health, see Diet and heart disease. ... A polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) is a class of unsaturated fat that contains more than one double bond. ... Omega-3 fatty acids are a family of polyunsaturated fatty acids which have in common a carbon-carbon double bond in the ω-3 position. ... Omega-6 fatty acids are fatty acids where the term omega-6 signifies that the first double bond in the carbon backbone of the fatty acid, counting from the end opposite the acid group, occurs in the sixth carbon-carbon bond. ... Omega-9 fatty acids are a class of unsaturated fatty acids which have a C=C double bond in the ω-9 position. ... recent research have linked CLA with several negative effects in humans. ... Essential fatty acids, or EFAs, are fatty acids that cannot be constructed within an organism from other components (generally all references are to humans) by any known chemical pathways; and therefore must be obtained from the diet. ... The actions of the ω-3 and ω-6 essential fatty acids (EFAs) are best characterized by their interactions; they cannot be understood separately. ... An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there are one or more double bonds in the fatty acid chain. ...

References

1. ^ National Institute of Health (August 1, 2005). Omega-3 fatty acids, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid. Retrieved on March 26, 2006.
2. ^ You Can Control Your Cholesterol: A Guide to Low-Cholesterol Living by Merck & Co. & Co. Inc.

March 26 is the 85th day of the year (86th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Merck & Co. ...

External links

• The Chemistry of Unsaturated Fats