Pontic Greek is a Greek language which was originally spoken on the shores of the Black Sea, the Pontus. This article is an overview of the history of Greek. ... Jump to: navigation, search Greek (Greek Ελληνικά, IPA – Hellenic) constitutes its own branch of the Indo-European languages. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Greek alphabet has been used to write the Greek language since about the 9th century B.C.. It was the first true alphabet and is the oldest alphabet in use today. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Proto-Greek language is the common ancestor of the Greek dialects, including the Mycenean language, the classical Greek dialects Attic-Ionic, Aeolic, Doric and North-Western Greek, and ultimately the Koine and Modern Greek. ... Map of Bronze Age Greece as described in Homers Iliad Mycenaean is the most ancient attested form of the Greek language, spoken on the Greek mainland and on Crete in the 16th to 11th centuries BC, before the Dorian invasion. ... Ancient Greek refers to the stage in the history of the Greek language corresponding to Classical Antiquity, which normally applies on two ancient periods of Greek history: Archaic and Classic Greece. ... Ancient Greek, in Classical Antiquity before the development of the Koine as the lingua franca of Hellenism, was divided into several dialects. ... Aeolic Greek is a linguistic term used to describe a set of rather archaic Greek sub-dialects, spoken mainly in Boeotia (a region in Central Greece), in Lesbos (an island close to Asia Minor) and in other Greek colonies. ... Arcadocypriot was an ancient Greek dialect spoken in Arcadia and Cyprus between ca. ... Attic Greek is the ancient dialect of the Greek language that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. ... Distribution of Greek dialects, ca. ... Ionic Greek was a sub-dialect of the so called Attic-Ionic dialectal group of the ancient Greek language, which was itself a member of the Greek branch of Indoeuropean language family. ... Jump to: navigation, search Koine Greek () is an ancient Greek dialect which marks the 2nd stage in the history of the Greek language. ... Medieval Greek (Μεσαιωνική Ελληνική) is a linguistic term that describes the third period in the history of the Greek language. ... Jump to: navigation, search Modern Greek (Νεοελληνική, lit. ... Jump to: navigation, search Modern Greek (Νεοελληνική, lit. ... Cappadocian (SIL: CPG; ISO 639-2: ine), also known as Cappadocian Greek or Asia Minor Greek is a Greek-Turkish mixed language, formerly spoken in Cappadocia (Central Turkey). ... Jump to: navigation, search Modern Greek (Νεοελληνική, lit. ... Location map of the Griko-speaking areas in Salento and Calabria Griko, sometimes spelled Grico, is a Modern Greek dialect which is spoken by people in the Magna Graecia region in southern Italy and Sicily, and it is otherwise known as the Grecanic language. ... Katharevousa (Greek Καθαρεύουσα, IPA //) is a form of the Greek language, created during the early 19th century by Adamantios Korais (1748-1833). ... Tsakonic or Tsakonian (Standard Greek Τσακωνική Διάλεκτος — Tsakonic language — is a dialect of Modern Greek that is spoken in the Tsakonian region of the Peloponnese, Greece. ... Yevanic, otherwise known as Yevanika, Romaniote and Judeo-Greek, was the language of the Romaniotes, the group of Greek Jews whose existence in Greece is documented since the 4th century BCE. Its linguistic lineage stems from Attic Greek and the Hellenistic Koine (Κοινή Ελληνική) and includes Hebrew elements as well. ... Greek languages are a subgroup of the Indo-European languages. ... Jump to: navigation, search Map of the Black Sea. ... Jump to: navigation, search After the colonisation of Anatolia by the Ionian Greeks, Pontus soon became a name which was applied, in ancient times, to extensive tracts of country in the northeast of Asia Minor (modern Turkey) bordering on the Euxine (Black Sea), which was often called simply Pontos (the...

Pontic's linguistic lineage stems from Attic Greek, and contains influences from Byzantine Greek, Turkish, and, to a lesser extent, Persian and various Caucasian languages. Attic Greek is the ancient dialect of the Greek language that was spoken in Attica, which includes Athens. ... Byzantine Greek is an archaic variant of Greek language derived from Koine which was used by the administration of the Byzantine Empire from 395 until the fall of Constantinople in 1453. ... The term Caucasian languages is loosely used to refer to a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than 7 million people in the Caucasus region of Eastern Europe, between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea. ...

Greek colonies had been established on the shores of the Black Sea since antiquity. Placed under Byzantine control in the Middle Ages, they remained isolated from the rest of the Greek-speaking world afterward. Jump to: navigation, search Map of the Black Sea. ...

Nowadays, Pontic is spoken by 350,000 people: 200,000 in Greece, 120,000 in Georgia ("Rumka"), and small communities in other countries of the former Soviet Union and Turkey (in Trabzon) . A small portion of Greek-Americans speaks Pontic. Shows the Location of the Province Trabzon Trabzon is a province of Turkey on the Black Sea coast. ... Jump to: navigation, search A Greek American is a citizen of the United States who has significant Greek heritage. ...

Pontic and Standard Greek are mostly mutually incomprehensible, both because they developed independently for almost two millenia, and because of the influence of Ibero-Caucasian languages on Pontic in the middle ages. The term Ibero-Caucasian (or Iberian-Caucasian) was proposed by Georgian linguist Arnold Chikobava for the union of the four language families that are specific to the Caucasus area, namely South Caucasian, also called Georgian or Kartvelian; Northwest Caucasian, also called Abkhaz/Adygh or Circassian; North-central Caucasian or Vaynakh. ...

• Example 1: Pontic en (is), Ancient Greek esti, Koine idiomatic form enesti, Biblical form eni, Modern Greek ine
  
• Example 2: Pontic temeteron (ours), Ancient Greek to(n) hemeteron, Modern Greek to(n) * mas
  
• Example 3: Pontic diminutive pedhin (little child), Ancient Greek paidion, Modern Greek pedhi
  
• Example 4 (combining 2 and 3): Pontic temeteron to pedin (our little child), Ancient Greek/Koine to hemeteron paidion, Modern Greek to pedi mas

See Also

• Pontos_Culture
• Ömer Asan
• Trabzon
• Ancomah

Picture of Ömer Asan, 2005 in Edirne. ... Picture of Ömer Asan, 2005 in Edirne. ... Jump to: navigation, search Traditional Trabzon country house Location of Trabzon Province within Turkey Trabzon, formerly known as Trebizond or Τραπεζούντα (Trapezoúnda; see also List of traditional Greek place names) in Greek, is a city on the Black Sea coast of north-eastern Turkey (Lat (DMS) 41° 2 60N Long... Ancomah (Antzomakh, Antzimah) is a mythological place which was first mentioned by Hasan Umur in the 1940s, approximately fifty meters inland near Trabzon, Turkey. ...

External links

• Ethnologue report for Pontic
• About Pontic Culture of Anatolia