Jacopo Carrucci (Pontormo, near Empoli, May 24, 1494 - January 2, 1557), usually known as Jacopo da Pontormo, or simply Pontormo, was a Florentine Mannerist painter and portraitist. He trained with the High Renaissance artist Andrea del Sarto. He painted only in and around Florence, supported by Medici patronage. A foray to Rome, largely to see Michelangelo's work, influenced his later style. His contorted positions, distorted perspective and harsh jarring colors mirror his unsettled and neurotic temperament. Idiosyncratic till the end, his greatest pupil in Florence was Agnolo Bronzino. Empoli is a town in Tuscany, Italy, about 30 km southwest of Florence. ... May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... Events January 25 - Alfonso II becomes King of Naples. ... January 2 is the second day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Events Spain is effectively bankrupt. ... Founded 59 BC as Florentia Region Tuscany Mayor Leonardo Domenici (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  102 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 356,000 almost 500,000 3,453/km² Time zone CET, UTC+1 Latitude Longitude 43°47 N 11°15 E www. ... Mannerism is the usual English term for an approach to all the arts, particularly painting but not exclusive to it, a reaction to the High Renaissance, emerging after the Sack of Rome in 1527 shook Renaissance confidence, humanism and rationality to their foundations, and even Religion had split apart. ... By Region: Italian Renaissance Northern Renaissance -French Renaissance -German Renaissance -English Renaissance The Renaissance was a great cultural movement which brought about a period of scientific revolution and artistic transformation, at the dawn of modern European history. ... Andrea del Sarto (Andrea dAgnolo di Francesco di Luca di Paolo del Migliore, Gualfonda, Florence, 1487 - Florence, 1531). ... The Medici family was a powerful and influential Florentine family from the 13th to 17th century. ... Michelangelo (full name Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni) (March 6, 1475 - February 18, 1564) was a Renaissance sculptor, architect, painter, and poet. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo (1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ...

Vasari relates how after the orphaned "young, melancholy and lonely" boy was shuttled around as a young apprentice: Giorgio Vasari (Arezzo, Tuscany July 3, 1511 - Florence, June 27, 1574) was an Italian painter and architect, mainly known for his famous biographies of Italian artists. ...

"Jacopo had not been many months in Florence before Bernardo Vettori sent him to stay with Leonardo da Vinci, and then with Mariotto Albertinelli, Piero di Cosimo, and finally, in 1512, with Andrea del Sarto, with whom he did not remain long, for after he had done the cartoons for the arch of the Servites, it does not seem that Andrea bore him any good will, whatever the cause may have been."

It is not difficult to identify the mute elongated Pontormo visages. An example of Pontormo's early style is The Visitation of the Virgin and St Anne painted in 1514 - 1516, for the parish church of St. Michele in Carmignano, a few miles from Florence. The balanced figures appear to be replicating a dance of muses instead of an introduction. In 1519-20, Pontormo also took part in the fresco decoration of the salon of the Medici country villa at Poggio a Caiano, not far from Florence; he painted in a pastoral genre style, very uncommon for Florentine painters, frescoes about the obscure classical myth of Vertumnus and Pomona in a lunette. Leonardo da Vinci (April 15, 1452 – May 2, 1519) was an Italian Renaissance architect, musician, anatomist, inventor, engineer, sculptor, geometer, and painter. ... Visitation (1503) Oil on wood, 232 x 146 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence Mariotto Albertinelli (October 13, 1474 - November 5, 1515), Italian painter, was born in Florence, pupil of Rosselli and a fellow-pupil and partner of Fra Bartolommeo, with whom he painted many works. ... Portrait of Simonetta Vespucci (c. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Roman villa. ... The fresco decoration of Vertumnus and Pomona [1] in the Medici country villa at Poggio a Caiano (near Montalbano a short drive from Florence) is an exceptional but apt masterpiece by Jacopo Pontormo. ... In architecture, a lunette (diminutive of French lune, moon) is a half-moon shaped space, either masonry or void. ...

St John the Evangelist, ca1525, Capponi Chapel, Sta. Felicità, Florence

In 1522, when the plague broke out in Florence, Pontormo left to the Certosa di Galuzzo, a cloistered Carthusian Monastary where monks follow vows of silence, which likely appealed to his lonesome character. He painted a series of frescoes, now quite-damaged, on Christ's passion and resurrection. Download high resolution version (926x921, 118 KB)Jacopo Pontormo 1494-1554 Tondo of St John the Evangelist, c 1525, Capponi Chapel, Santa Felicita, Florence This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (926x921, 118 KB)Jacopo Pontormo 1494-1554 Tondo of St John the Evangelist, c 1525, Capponi Chapel, Santa Felicita, Florence This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

Pontormo's surviving masterpiece (1528) is the frescoes and canvas for the Brunelleschi-designed Cappella Capponi in Santa Felicità in Florence. The decoration in the dome of the chapel is now lost, but four roundels with the Evangelists still adorn the pendentives, worked on by both Pontormo and Bronzino. At the altar is Pontormo's masterpiece Deposition from the Cross. This painting has a restrained dance of the able-bodied and mourners, occurring in a flattened, but sculptural universe of brightly demarcated colors. Those depicted in lowering Christ appear to demand physical help in sustaining the weight of his body as well as the weight of their grief. It is a whirling oval of figures around the pale dead Christ that took him three years to accomplish. Pontormo collaborated on the rest of its decor so intimately with Agnolo Bronzino, a pupil, that specialists argue over which roundels each painted. The [[The Annunciation]] frescoed on adjacent columns resembles the Visitation at Carmignano in style and in the swayig posture. The nearby Uffizi gallery holds his mystical Supper at Emmaus, as well as portraits. Many of Pontormo's well known canvases, such as Joseph being sold to Potiphar and the Martyrdom of St Maurice and the Theban Legion (c.1531) depict often crowds milling in awkward cotraposto, as if this were a mannerist braggadocia to show the body in all possible positions. Filippo Brunelleschi, 1377 - 1446, was the first great Florentine architect of the Italian Renaissance. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo ( 1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ... The Deposition from the Cross [1] (1528) is a masterpiece of Jacopo del Pontormo painted with oil on wood for the altar of the Cappella Capponi in Santa Felicità in Florence. ... Andrea Doria as Neptune Agnolo di Cosimo (1503, Firenze – 1572, Firenze) (also known as Agnolo Bronzino and Agnolo Tori). ...

Many Pontormo works have been lost or damaged, including the frescoes for the Carthusian monastery of Galluzo, and most poignantly his frescoes for the church of San Lorenzo, work which consumed his last decade of life. His frescoes were a never-conclusive morass of figures. The film of Giovanni Fago, Pontormo, a heretical love is meant to evoke his paranoid and lonely dedication to this project, which he often kept sheilded from all unlookers. The remaining drawing show that show a mystical, almost hallucinogenic, contorted ribboning of bodies. Florentine figure painting had mainly stressed linear upright sculptural figures. Jesus in the Sistine Chapel wall is a painted block elbowing and sharply angling judgement; Pontormo's Jesus in the Last Judgment squirms sinuously through the ether, as if rippling through eternity. Heaps of liquified corpses amass in his Last Judgement.

Critical Assessment And Legacy

Vasari's Life of Pontormo, describing him living withdrawn and steeped in neurosis, while at the center of the artists and patrons of his lifetime, makes a fine introduction to the artistic life of the 16th century. A diary of his last two years survives. His personality and idiosyncracies gave Pontormo had a style that few were able to imitate; with the exception of his close pupil Bronzino. He would have overlapped with the mannerism of Rosso Fiorentino and of Parmigianino. In some ways, he anticipated the Baroque and elongated somatic exagerations of El Greco. He showed an eccentric originality and his entangled compositions have a unique style. At his best, the compositions appear integral and unitary; for example, all the figures in the Deposition appear to sustain each other, removal of any one would cause the entire edifice of figures to collapse. At worse, in the Joseph canvases, the overzealous crowding makes for a confusing pictorial melee. It is in the later drawings that we see a joining of the mellifluous melting of bodies to a compositional device including the oval frame of Jesus in the Last Judgement. Rosso Fiorentino, whose real name was Giovan Battista di Jacopo. ... Self-portrait in a Convex Mirror(c. ... Adoration, by Peter Paul Rubens: dynamic figures spiral down around a void: draperies blow: a whirl of movement lit in a shaft of light, rendered in a free bravura handling of paint In arts, the Baroque (or baroque) is both a period and the style that dominated it. ... Baptism of Christ, painted 1596–1600 El Greco (medieval Castilian for the Greek) is the name by which Δομήνικος Θεοτοκόπουλος Domênikos Theotokópoulos (1541,Heraklion, Crete,Greece – April 7, 1614, Toledo, Spain), a Greek-Spanish painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish school, is best known. ...

Anthology of works

Young works (until 1521)

• 1512-1513: Leda and the Swan (uncertain attribution), 55x40 cm, [Uffizi Gallery], Florence.
• 1514: Holy Conversation, fresco 223x196 cm, SS. Annunziata, S. Luca Chapel, Florence.
• 1514: Episode of hospital life, fresco 91x150 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia, Florence [1]
• 1515: Veronica and the [image, fresco 307x413cm, S. Maria Novella, Florence, Pope Leo X (Medici) Chapel.
• 1514-1516: Visitation, fresco 392x337 cm, Santa Annunziata, Florence. [2]
• 1516-1517: Lady with Basket of spindles, 76x54, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence (Andrea del Sarto?)
• 1516-1518: Bedchamber Panels for Pier Francesco Borgherini on the occasion of his marriage in 1515. Two other panels by Bachiacca
  • 1515: Joseph reveals himself to his brothers, 35x142, National Gallery, London.
  • 1516-1517: Joseph sold to Potiphar, 58x50, National Gallery, London. [3]
  • 1515: Joseph's Brothers beg for Help [4]
  • 1516-1517: Pharaoh with his Butler and Baker, 58x50, National Gallery. [5]
  • 1517-1518: Joseph in Egypt, 93x110, National Gallery. [6]
• 1517: St Quentin, 163x103, Pinacoteca comunale, Sansepolcro. Attributed to Giovanmaria Pichi or Pontormo.
• 1517-1518: Portrait of a furrier, 69x50, Louvre, Paris. [7]
• 1518: Madonna con Child and Saints, oil on canvas 214x185, S. Michele Visdomini, Florence.
• 1518-1519: Portrait of musician, 86x67, Uffizi, Florence. [8]
• 1518-1519: St Anthony Abbott, Uffizi, Florence. [9]
• 1518-1519: Portrait of Cosimo the Elder, 86x65, Galleria degli Uffizi. [10]
• 1519 : due lati of una pala d'altare, 173x59 , Church of S. Michele, Empoli.
• John the Evangelist
• The Archangel Gabriel
• 1519-1521: The Adoration of the Magi, 85x190 cm, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.
• 1519-1521: Vertumnus and Pomona, fresco 461x990 cm. Villa Medici, Poggio a Caiano. (see one preliminary drawing [11])
• Study of Mans head (drawing, Metropolitan Museum Art) [12]

The fresco decoration of Vertumnus and Pomona [1] in the Medici country villa at Poggio a Caiano (near Montalbano a short drive from Florence) is an exceptional but apt masterpiece by Jacopo Pontormo. ...

(1522-1530)

• 1520-30: Mary and Child with Four saints (Metropolitan Museum)
• 1522 ca: Portrait of two friends, 95x97 cm, Cini Collection, Venezia
• 1522 ca: Madonna with Child & Two Saints, 72x60 cm, Galleria degli Uffizi.(Pontormo or Bronzino)[13]
• 1522-1524: Holy Family with St John, 120x99 cm, Hermitage Museum, St Petersburg,[14]
• 1523-1525: Madonna with Child and St John, 87x67, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. Attributed to Rosso Fiorentino.
• 1523-1525: Pontormo retires to Carthusian Monastery of Galluzzo, near Florence (see originals and copies by Empoli) [www.arpai.org/pdf/061-063.pdf]
  • Prayer in Gesthemane, fresco 300x290 cm.
  • Christ before Pilate, fresco 300x292 cm.[15]
  • Walk to Calvary, fresco 300x292 cm. [16]
  • Deposition, fresco 300x292 cm.
  • Resurrection, fresco 232x291cm cm.[17]
• 1525: Supper in Emmaus, oil on canvas 230x173 cm, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. [18]
• 1525: Madonna and child and two angels (San Francisco Museum Art) [19]
• 1525-1526: Portrait of young man in Pink, 85x61, Communal gallery, Lucca.
• 1525-1526: Tabernacle of Boldrone, San Giuliano, 275x127, Crucifix con la Madonna and St. John, 307x175 and Sant'Agostino, 257x127, dei Disegni, Florence.
• 1526: Birth of St. John Baptist, 54, Galleria degli Uffizi. [20]
• 1526-1527: Saint Jerome Penitent, 105x80 cm, Landesmuseum, Hannover.
• 1526-1528: Madonna with Child and St John, 52x40 cm, Galleria Corsini, Florence. (Pontormo or Bronzino)
• 1527-1528:na with Child and St John, 89x73, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence. [21]
• 1525-1526: Matthew, Luke, and John; 70 cm, St. Felicita, Capponi Chapel, Florence. Mark painted by Bronzino.
• 1526-1528: Deposition,, 313x192 cm, St. Felicita, Capponi Chapel, Florence. [22]
• 1527-1528: Annunciation, 368x168 fresco, Sta. Felicita, Capponi Chapel, Florence. [23]
• 1528-1529: Visitation, 202x256, Church of S. Michele, Carmignano.[24]
• 1528-1529: Madonna with Child, Saint Anne and four saints, 228x176, Louvre, Paris. [25]
• 1529-1530: Eleven thousand martyrs, Palazzo Pitti, Florence.

Mature works (after 1530)

• 1531: Martyrdom of San Maurizio and the Theban Legions.(Pontormo & Bronzino), 65x73,Galleria degli Uffizi.
• 1531: Noli me Tangere, Casa Buonarotti (Pontormo or Bronzino)[26]
• 1532-1533: Portrait of Lady in Red with puppy, 89x70, Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt (Bronzino?)
• 1532-1534: Venus and Cupid, 128x197 cm, Galleria dell'Accademia,
• 1534-1535 ca.: Portraits of Alessandro de' Medici,, 97x79, Philadephia Museum of Art, [27]
• 1534-1535 ca.: Portraits of Alessandro de' Medici, Art Instute of Chicago, [28]
• 1525: Study of a Carthusian Monk (Uffizi)[29]
• 1535: Adam and Eve, 43x31, Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence.
• 1535 Study for the Three Graces ( Drawing Uffizzi) [30]
• 1537: Portrait of Halbadier, cm52x40, Paul Getty Museum, Malibu. [31]
• 1541-1544: Portrait of Niccolò Ardinghelli, 102x97, National Gallery of Art, Washington. [32]
• 1543-1545: Portrait of Maria Salviati, 87x71 , Galleria degli Uffizi, [33]
• c1545: Sacrificial Scene, tempera cloth 85x148, Capodimonte Museum, Naples.
• 1554-1556: My book (Pontormo's diary)), National Library of Florence.
• Portrait of Pontormo by Bronzino [34]
• Drawing of St. Francis (MFA, Boston) [35]
• Drawings for San Lorenzo Fresco [36][37][38]

External links

• Pontormo's paintings and drawings illustrated
• Giorgio Vasari's Vita (English)
• Pontormo's 1554 diary