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Calixtus III (December 31, 1378 – August 6, 1458), né Alfonso de Borja, was born near Xàtiva, València, today Spain but then Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon, and was Pope from April 8, 1455 to his death in 1458. is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
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is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ...
Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ...
Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ...
is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ...
Xà tiva (formerly written Játiva), or San Felipe de Játiva, a town of eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia-Murcia and Valencia-Albacete railways. ...
Valencia province Valencia (Castilian Spanish: Valencia /balenθja/; Valencian Catalan: València /vałεnsia/) is a province of Spain, in the central part of the Valencian Country. ...
is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ...
For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ...
Pope Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope for a period of five years, from about 217 to about 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ...
Antipope Callixtus III (or Callistus III) was Antipope from September 1168 to 29 August 1178. ...
is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ...
is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ...
Xà tiva (formerly written Játiva), or San Felipe de Játiva, a town of eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia-Murcia and Valencia-Albacete railways. ...
Valencia from space, June 1996 The Hemispheric at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia, Spain. ...
History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Aragonese Empire was the regime...
Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ...
For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ...
is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
... no changes . ...
Biography His early career was spent as a professor of law at University of Lleida and then as a diplomat in the service of the Kings of Aragon, especially during the Council of Basel (1431–1439). He became a cardinal after reconciling Pope Eugene IV (1431–1447) with King Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–1458). For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ...
The University of Lleida (Catalan: Universitat de Lleida, Spanish: Universidad de Lérida) is one of the oldest Spanish universities. ...
This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ...
Anthem: Himno de Aragón Capital Zaragoza Official languages Spanish Area â Total â % of Spain Ranked 4th 47,719 km² 9. ...
The Council of Basel was a council of bishops and other ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church that was held at Basel, Switzerland. ...
A cardinal is an official of the second-highest rank of the Roman Catholic Church, inferior in rank only to the Pope. ...
Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ...
Alfonso V of Aragon (also Alfonso I of Naples) (1396 â June 27, 1458), surnamed the Magnanimous, was the King of Aragon and Naples and count of Barcelona from 1416 to 1458. ...
He was raised to the papal chair in 1455 as Calixtus III at a very advanced age as a compromise candidate. He was viewed by historians as being feeble and incompetent. In the same year, he issued a Papal bulle (bulletin/edict) to Portugal. This bulle authorized it to reduce to servitude (enslave) "infidels" (non-christian) people. Thus, the Catholic Church gave permission to Portugal and its other subjugate countries to engage in the Trans-Atlantic, African Slave Trade. Therefore, assuring that the enslavement of Africans was not contradictory to the word of God nor the teachings of the church itself - without retaliation or penalization from either. ... no changes . ...
The great object of his policy was the urging of a crusade against the Turks, who had captured Constantinople in 1453, but he did not find the Christian princes responsive to his call despite his every effort. This article is about the medieval crusades. ...
This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ...
April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (İstanbul). ...
Pope Calixtus III made two of his nephews cardinals, one of whom, Roderic de Borgia, later became Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), who was infamous for corruption. Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ...
On June 29, 1456, he ordered the bells to be rung at noon (see noon bell) in all the Church to call Christians for prayer. As news spread with some delay, this order became connected with the crusade to lift the Siege of Belgrade (which happened on July 22), which was a signal victory against the Turks. To commemorate this victory, Calixtus III ordered the feast of the Transfiguration to be held on August 6. is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
// Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ...
During the Siege of Nándorfehérvár (modern-day Belgrade) in 1456, Hungarian nobleman János (John) Hunyadi defended the city against the onslaught of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. During the siege, Pope Callixtus III ordered the noon bell rung as a call for believers to pray for...
Combatants Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Commanders Mehmet II John Hunyadi Strength About 100,000 About 75,000 Casualties About 50,000 About 10,000 After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman sultan Mehmed II was rallying his resources in order to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. ...
is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Icon of the Transfiguration (15th century, Novgorod) The Transfiguration of Jesus is an event reported by the Synoptic Gospels in which Jesus was transfigured upon a mountain (Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:1-8, Luke 9:28-36). ...
is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
He ordered a new trial for St. Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431), at which she was posthumously vindicated after being controversially tried and executed. The tone of this article is inappropriate for an encyclopedia. ...
Calixtus III's pre-papal coat of arms featured a grazing ox. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...
The "bull against the comet." According to one story, first appearing in a posthumous biography in 1475 and later embellished and popularized by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Calixtus III excommunicated the 1456 apparition of Halley's Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade, who were at that time being besieged by the armies of the Ottoman Empire. No known primary source supports the authenticity of this account. Calixtus III's papal bull of June 29, 1456, which called for public prayer for the success of the crusade, makes no mention of the comet, and by August 6, when the Turkish siege was broken, the comet had not been visible from Europe or Turkey for several weeks. 5<sup>Superscript text</sup>7<!-- Comment --><blockquote> Block quote </blockquote>{| class=class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |-{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2...
Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 - March 5, 1827) was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy. ...
Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...
This article is about the comet. ...
For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ...
Motto دÙÙØª ابد Ù
دت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital SöÄüt (1299â1326) Bursa (1326â1365) Edirne (1365â1453) İstanbul (1453â1922) Government Monarchy Sultans - 1281â1326 (first) Osman I - 1918â22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers - 1320...
Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ...
is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
// Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ...
is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
| Popes of the Catholic Church | | Peter Linus Anacletus Clement I Evaristus Alexander I Sixtus I Telesphorus Hyginus Pius I Anicetus Soter Eleuterus Victor I Zephyrinus Callixtus I Urban I Pontian Anterus Fabian Cornelius Lucius I Stephen I Sixtus II Dionysius Felix I Eutychian Caius Marcellinus Marcellus I Eusebius Miltiades Sylvester I Catholic Church redirects here. ...
Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ...
Popes buried in St. ...
Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ...
For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ...
The name Catholic Church can mean a visible organization that refers to itself as Catholic, or the invisible Christian Church, viz. ...
St Peter redirects here. ...
Pope Saint Linus (d. ...
Anacletus, or Anencletus, was the third pope (after St Peter and St Linus). ...
Saint Clement I was the Bishop of Rome, and thus pope, from 88 to 99 AD. Also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, he was the fourth pope, according to Catholic tradition. ...
Pope Saint Evaristus was the fifth pope, holding office from about 98 to 105 (99 to 108 in the Vaticans Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ...
Alexander I was Pope from about 106 to 115. ...
Sixtus I was a second-century pope for about ten years, succeeding Pope Alexander I. In the oldest documents, Xystus is the spelling used for the first three popes of that name. ...
Telesphorus (feast day: January 5) was Pope from about 126 to about 137. ...
Hyginus (feast day: January 11) was Pope from about 138 to about 140. ...
Pope Pius I was pope, perhaps from 140 to 154, though the Vaticans 2003 Annuario Pontificio lists 142 or 146 to 157 or 161. ...
Anicetus was pope from about 154 to about 167 (the Vaticans list cites 150 or 157 to 153 or 168). ...
Pope Soter, sometimes known as the Pope of Charity, was pope from 166 to 174 (the Vatican cites 162 or 168 to 170 or 177). ...
Pope Saint Eleuterus or Eleutherius, was pope from about 174 to 189 (the Vatican cites 171 or 177 to 185 or 193). ...
Pope Saint Victor I was an African Bishop of Rome (controversially called Pope) from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201). ...
Pope Zephyrinus was Pope from 199 to 217. ...
Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope from about 217 to 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ...
Pope Urban, pope (222-230), Born in Rome, Italy, came to the see of Rome in the year that Roman Emperor Elagabalus was assassinated and served during the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. ...
Pontian (or Pontianus), was pope from July 21, 230 to September 28, 235. ...
Pope Anterus, the 19th Pope (Reign: November 21, 235 - January 3, 236), succeeded Pope Pontian, who had been deported from Rome along with the antipope Hippolytus to Sardinia. ...
Saint Fabian (died 250; feast day: January 20), pope and martyr, was chosen pope, or bishop of Rome, in January 236 in succession to Pope Anterus. ...
Cornelius was elected pope on either March 6 or March 13, 251 during the lull in the persecution of the Roman Emperor Decius. ...
Lucius I was pope for eight months (253-254). ...
Stephen I, pope (about March 12, 254 to August 2, 257). ...
Sixtus II was pope from August 30, 257 to August 6, 258, following Stephen I as bishop of Rome in 257. ...
Pope Dionysius was pope from July 22, 259 to December 26, 268. ...
Pope Felix I, pope (January 5, 269 - December 30, 274), a Roman by birth, succeeded Dionysius after his death on December 26, 268 as Pope, being elected in January 269. ...
Eutychian or Eutychianus was pope from January 4, 275 to December 7, 283 (according to the Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ...
Saint Caius or Gaius was pope from 283 until his death in 296. ...
Pope Marcellinus, according to the Liberian Catalogue, became bishop of Rome on June 30, 296; his predecessor was Pope Caius. ...
Marcellus I, pope, succeeded Marcellinus, after a considerable interval, most probably in May 307; under Maxentius he was banished from Rome in 309 on account of the tumult caused by the severity of the penances he had imposed on Christians who had lapsed under the recent persecution. ...
Eusebius (Greek word: euseves=pious) was a Pope in the year 309 or 310. ...
Miltiades, or Melchiades (other forms of the name being Meltiades, Melciades, Milciades, and Miltides) was Pope from July 10, 310 or 311 to January 10 or 11, 314. ...
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| Mark Julius I Liberius Damasus I Siricius Anastasius I Innocent I Zosimus Boniface I Celestine I Sixtus III Leo I Hilarius Simplicius Felix III Gelasius I Anastasius II Symmachus Hormisdas John I Felix IV Boniface II John II Agapetus I Silverius Vigilius Pelagius I John III Benedict I Pelagius II Gregory I Sabinian Boniface III Mark (in Latin : Marcus) was pope in the year 336. ...
Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ...
Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ...
Pope Damasus I ( 305-383) was Pope from 366. ...
St. ...
Anastasius I was pope from November 27, 399-401. ...
Saint Innocent I, pope (402 - 417), was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocent of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I, whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to...
This article is on the pope. ...
Boniface I was pope from 418 to 422. ...
Saint Celestine I was pope from 422 to 432. ...
Sixtus III (d. ...
Pope Saint Leo I or Pope Saint Leo the Great was Pope from September 29, 440 to November 10, 461) He was a Roman aristocrat and the first Pope to receive the title the Great. He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun outside Rome near Governolo...
Pope Saint Hilarius (also Hilarus, Hilary) was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 461 to February 28, 468). ...
Pope Simplicius was pope from 468 to March 10, 483. ...
Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to 492. ...
Pope Gelasius I was the third pope of African origin (more exactly from Kabylie) in Catholic history. ...
Anastasius II (died November 16, 498) was pope from November 24, 496 to his death. ...
Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. ...
Pope Hormisdas was Pope from July 20, 514 to 523. ...
John I was Pope from 523 to 526. ...
Felix IV was Pope from 526 to 530. ...
Boniface II was Pope from 530 to 532. ...
John II (born Mercurius) was Pope from 533 to 535. ...
Agapetus I, or Agapitus I, pope (535 - 536), was the son of Gordian, a priest who had been slain during the riots in the days of Pope Symmachus. ...
Silverius, Pope (536 - 537), was a legitimate son of Pope Hormisdas, born before his father entered the priesthood. ...
Vigilius was Pope from 537 to 555. ...
Pelagius I, Pope (556 - 561 March 3), came from a Roman noble family. ...
John III was pope from 561 to 574. ...
Benedict I (died July 30, 579) was pope from June 2, 575 to his death. ...
Pelagius II was pope from 579 to 590. ...
âSaint Gregoryâ redirects here. ...
Sabinian (died February 22, 606) was pope from 604 to 606. ...
Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to November 12, 607. ...
| Boniface IV Adeodatus I Boniface V Honorius I Severinus John IV Theodore I Martin I Eugene I Vitalian Adeodatus II Donus Agatho Leo II Benedict II John V Conon Sergius I John VI John VII Sisinnius Constantine Gregory II Gregory III Zachary Stephen II Paul I Stephen III Adrian I Leo III Stephen IV Paschal I Eugene II Boniface IV (ca. ...
St. ...
Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was pope from 619 to 625. ...
Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was pope from 625 to 638. ...
Pope Severinus was pope in the year 640. ...
John IV was a native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius. ...
Theodore I (d. ...
Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria in the place now named after him Pian S. Martino, was pope from 649 to 655, succeeding Theodore I in June or July 649. ...
Eugene I, pope (655-657), was a native of Rome. ...
Vitalianus (died January 27, 672) was Pope from 657 - 672. ...
Adeodatus (also known as Adeodatus II) reigned as pope from 672 to 676. ...
Pope Donus Donus (died April 11, 678) was pope from November 2, 676 to his death. ...
Agatho (born 577?, died 10 January 681) was pope from 678 to 681. ...
Leo II, pope from August 682 to July 683, was a Sicilian by birth, and succeeded Agatho. ...
Pope Saint Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685. ...
John V, pope from 685 to August 2, 686, was a Syrian by birth, and on account of his knowledge of Greek had in 680 been named papal legate to the Sixth Ecumenical Council at Constantinople. ...
Conon (unknown - September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death on September 21, 687, in Rome. ...
Sergius I (d. ...
John VI, pope from 701 to 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Sergius I. He assisted the exarch Theophylact, who had been sent to Italy by the emperor Justinian II, and prevented him from using violence against the...
John VII, pope from 705 to 707, successor of John VI, was also of Greek nationality. ...
Sisinnius (died February 4, 708) was Pope for about three weeks in 708. ...
Constantinus (d. ...
Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716. ...
Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ...
Pope Saint Zachary (Greek Zacharias), pope (741-752). ...
Stephen, elected pope in March of 752 to succeed Pope Zacharias, died of apoplexy three days later, before being consecrated. ...
Paul I was Pope from May 29, 757- June 28, 767. ...
Stephen III (d. ...
Adrian, or Hadrian I, (died December 25, 795) was pope from 772 to 795. ...
Infobox Pope| English name=Leo III| image= | birth_name=Unknown| term_start=December 27, 795 | term_end=June 12, 816| predecessor=Adrian I| successor=Stephen IV| birth_date=Date of birth unknown| birthplace=Rome, Italy| dead=dead|death_date=June 12, 816| deathplace=Place of death unknown| other=Leo}} Pope Leo III (died June 12...
Stephen IV, (720 â January 24, 772), pope August 1, 768 â January 24, 772, was a native of Sicily. ...
Saint Paschal I was pope from 817 to February 11, 824. ...
Eugene II, (or Eugenius), pope (824-827) was a native of Rome and was chosen to succeed Paschal I. Another candidate, Zinzinnus, was proposed by the plebeian faction, and the presence of Lothar, son of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious was necessary in order to maintain the authority of...
| Valentine Gregory IV Sergius II Leo IV Benedict III Nicholas I Adrian II John VIII Marinus I Adrian III Stephen V Formosus Boniface VI Stephen VI Romanus Theodore II John IX Benedict IV Leo V Sergius III Anastasius III Lando John X Leo VI Stephen VII John XI Leo VII Stephen VIII Marinus II Agapetus II John XII Benedict V Leo VIII Valentine, (in latin : Valentinus), pope for thirty or forty days in 827, was a Roman by birth, and, according to the Liber Pontificalis, was first made a deacon by Paschal I (817-824). ...
Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner. ...
Sergius II was Pope from January, 844-January 24, 847. ...
Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those...
Benedict III was Pope from September 29, 855 to April 17, 858. ...
Nicholas I,(Rome c. ...
Adrian II (also known as Hadrian II), (792â872), pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age. ...
John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ...
Marinus I (or Martin II), Pope between December 16, 882- May 15, 884. ...
Adrian III (also known as Hadrian III) was Pope from May 17, 884 to September, 885. ...
Note: In sources prior to the 1960s, this pope is sometimes called Stephen VI and Pope Stephen IV is sometimes called Stephen V. See Pope-elect Stephen for detailed explanations. ...
Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII (1870). ...
Boniface VI, pope, a native of Rome, was elected in April 896 as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. ...
Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. ...
Romanus was Pope from August to November 897. ...
Theodore II was the son of Photius. ...
John IX, Pope from 898 to 900, not only confirmed the judgment of his predecessor Pope Theodore II (897) in granting Christian burial to Pope Formosus (891â896), but at a council held at Ravenna decreed that the records of the synod which had condemned him should be burned. ...
Benedict IV was pope from ca. ...
Leo V, a native of Ardea, was Pope for some thirty days in 903 after the death of Pope Benedict IV (900â903). ...
Pope Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions. ...
Anastasius III (died November 913) was Pope from September 911 to November 913, was a Roman by birth. ...
Lando was elected pope in either July or August, 913; he died about six months later, in either February or March, 914. ...
John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna. ...
The Roman Leo VI succeeded John X as pope in 928, and reigned seven months and a few days -- the exact dates are not known. ...
Stephen VII, was Pope from May 896 to July or August 897. ...
John XI (910?â936) was a pope from 931 to 936. ...
Leo VII (died July 13, 939), Pope from January 3, 936 until his death in 939, was preceded by Pope John XI (931â935), and followed by Pope Stephen VIII (939â942). ...
Stephen VII (VIII), pope (December, 928-931). ...
Marinus II (Martin III), born in Rome, was Pope from 942 to 946. ...
Agapetus II (born in Rome; died October, 955) was Pope from May 10, 946 until his death in 955, at the time when Alberic II (932â954), son of Marozia, was governing the independent republic of Rome under the title of Prince and Senator of the Romans. ...
John XII (Rome, c. ...
Benedict V (born in Rome; died July 4, 965), Pope (22 May 964 - 23 June 964), was elected by the Romans on the death of John XII. However the Roman emperor Otto I did not approve of the choice and had him deposed after only a month, and the ex...
Leo VIII (died 965), Pope from 963 to 964, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of protoserinus when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great, by the Roman synod which deposed John XII in December 963. ...
| John XIII Benedict VI Benedict VII John XIV John XV Gregory V Sylvester II John XVII John XVIII Sergius IV Benedict VIII John XIX Benedict IX Sylvester III Benedict IX Gregory VI Clement II Benedict IX Damasus II Leo IX Victor II Stephen IX Nicholas II Alexander II Gregory VII Victor III Urban II Paschal II Gelasius II Callixtus II Honorius II Innocent II Celestine II John XIII of Crescenzi family (born in Rome; died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1, 965 until his death. ...
Benedict VI, Pope (born in Rome, 972 - 974), was chosen with great ceremony and installed as pope under the protection of the Emperor Otto the Great. ...
Benedict VII (born in Rome, the son of David, and previously Bishop of Sutri; died 983) belonged to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. ...
John XIV (died August 20, 984), Pope from 983 to 984, successor to Benedict VII, was born at Pavia, and before his elevation to the papal chair was imperial chancellor of Otto II, and was the latters second choice. ...
John XV, pope from 984 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities. ...
Gregory V, né Bruno ( 972 â February 18, 999), Pope from May 3, 996 to February 18, 999, son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great (936â973). ...
Sylvester II, or Silvester II (c. ...
John XVII, né Sicco (died November 6, 1003), was a native of Rome who succeeded Silvester II as pope on June 13, 1003, but died less than five months later. ...
John XVIII, born Fasanius (died June 1009), the son of a Roman priest named Leo, was pope from 1003 to 1009, was, during his whole pontificate, the mere creature of the current head of the Crescentii clan who controlled Rome, the patricius (an aristocratic military leader) Johannes Crescentius III. The...
Sergius IV, né Pietro Boccapecora (born in Rome, died May 12, 1012) was pope from July 31, 1009 until his death. ...
Benedict VIII, né Theophylactus (born in Rome, died April 9, 1024), pope (1012-1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and Maria, and brother of John XIX), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by...
John XIX (born in Rome, died October 1032), born Romanus, was Pope from 1024 to 1032. ...
Pope Benedict IX (c. ...
Silvester III (or Sylvester), né John (born in Rome; probably died in 1062 or 1063); was pope in 1045. ...
Pope Benedict IX (c. ...
For the antipope of the same name, see antipope Gregory VI Gregory VI, né John Gratian, date of birth unknown; elected 1 May 1045; abdicated at the Council of Sutri on 20 December 1046; died probably at Cologne, in the beginning of 1048. ...
Clement II, né Suidger of Morsleben (born Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, 1005 â died October 9, 1047), Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047). ...
Pope Benedict IX (c. ...
Damasus II (died August 9, 1048), born Poppo, Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was the second of the German pontiffs nominated by Emperor Henry III (1039â56). ...
Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 â April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ...
Victor II (c. ...
Pope Stephen IX, orignally Archdeacon Frederick of Leige was a native of Germany, was pope from about July 14, 939 until his death towards the end of October, 942. ...
Nicholas II (died July 27, 1061), born Gérard de Bourgogne, Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election the Bishop of Florence. ...
Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , Pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan. ...
Pope Gregory VII (c. ...
Pope Victor III (Benevento, 1026?âSeptember 16, 1087), born Dauferio Epifanio, Latinized Dauferius or Dauphar, Pope (May 24, 1086 until his death), was the successor of Pope Gregory VII (1073â85), yet his pontificate is a far less impressive in history than Desiderius as the great Abbot of Monte Cassino. ...
Pope Urban II (1042 â July 29, 1099), born Otho of Lagery (alternatively: Otto or Odo), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. ...
Paschal II, né Ranierius (born in Bleda, near Forlì, Romagna - d. ...
Gelasius II (died January 29, 1119), born Giovanni Coniulo, was Pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119. ...
Callixtus II (or Calistus II), born Guido of Vienne (died December 13, 1124), the son of William I, Count of Burgundy (1057â87), was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II (1118â19). ...
Pope Honorius II should not be confused with Antipope Honorius II, otherwise known as Peter Cadalus. ...
Pope Innocent II (died September 24, 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). ...
Celestine II, born Guido di Castello (d. ...
| Lucius II Eugene III Anastasius IV Adrian IV Alexander III Lucius III Urban III Gregory VIII Clement III Celestine III Innocent III Honorius III Gregory IX Celestine IV Innocent IV Alexander IV Urban IV Clement IV Gregory X Innocent V Adrian V John XXI Nicholas III Martin IV Honorius IV Nicholas IV Celestine V Boniface VIII Benedict XI Clement V John XXII Benedict XII Clement VI Lucius II, neé Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso (died February 15, 1145) was Pope from March 12, 1144 until his death. ...
The Blessed Eugene III, né Bernardo Pignatelli (d. ...
Anastasius IV, né Corrado di Suburra or della Suburra (d. ...
Pope Adrian IV (c. ...
Pope Alexander III (c. ...
Lucius III, né Ubaldo Allucingoli (1097 â November 25, 1185), was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. ...
Urban III, né Uberto Crivelli (d. ...
Pope Gregory VIII (ca. ...
Clement III, born Paulino Scolari (or Paolo) (b. ...
Pope Celestine III (Rome, c. ...
Pope Innocent III (c. ...
Pope Honorius III (1148 â March 18, 1227 in Rome), born Cencio Savelli, was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ...
Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino dei Conti, was pope from 1227 to August 22, 1241. ...
Pope Celestine IV (died November 10, 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo da Castiglione, was pope from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241. ...
Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 â Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ...
Alexander IV, né Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ...
Urban IV, born Jacques Pantaléon (Troyes, ca. ...
Pope Clement IV (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain â November 29, 1268 in Viterbo), born Gui Faucoi le Gros (English: Guy Foulques the Fat; Italian: Guido il Grosso), was elected Pope February 15, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over...
Gregory X, né Theobald Visconti (Piacenza, ca. ...
Pope Innocent V (c. ...
Adrian V (also known as Hadrian V), né Ottobuono de Fieschi (c. ...
Pope John XXI (1215 â May 20, 1277), born Pedro Julião, a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus), was Pope from 1276 until his death. ...
. Nicholas III, né Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ...
Martin IV, né Simon de Brion (ca. ...
Pope Honorius IV (ca. ...
Nicholas IV, né Girolamo Masci (Lisciano, a small village near Ascoli Piceno, September 30, 1227 â April 4, 1292), was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. ...
Pope Celestine V (c. ...
Pope Boniface VIII (c. ...
Pope Benedict XI (1240 â July 7, 1304), born Nicholas Boccasini, was Pope from 1303 to 1304 Born in Treviso, he succeeded Pope Boniface VIII (1294â1303), but was unable to carry out his policies. ...
Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 â April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ...
Pope John XXII, born Jacques Duèze or dEuse (1249 â December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ...
Benedict XII, né Jacques Fournier ( 1280s â April 25, 1342), was Pope from 1334 to 1342. ...
Clement VI, né Pierre Roger (1291 â December 6, 1352), the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was elected in May 1342, and reigned until his death. ...
| Innocent VI Urban V Gregory XI Urban VI Boniface IX Innocent VII Gregory XII Martin V Eugene IV Nicholas V Callixtus III Pius II Paul II Sixtus IV Innocent VIII Alexander VI Pius III Julius II Leo X Adrian VI Clement VII Paul III Julius III Marcellus II Paul IV Pius IV Pius V Gregory XIII Sixtus V Urban VII Gregory XIV Innocent IX Clement VIII Innocent VI, né Ãtienne Aubert (1282 or 1295 â September 12, 1362), Pope at Avignon from 1352 to 1362, the successor of Pope Clement VI (1342â52), was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, diocese of Limoges (today part of the commune of Beyssac, département of Corrèze...
Blessed Urban V, né Guillaume Grimoard (1310 â December 19, 1370), Pope from 1362 to 1370, was a native of Grizac in Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, département of Lozère). ...
Pope Gregory XI (c. ...
Pope Urban VI (Naples c. ...
Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 â October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 â until October 1, 1404). ...
Innocent VII, né Cosimo de Migliorati (ca. ...
Gregory XII, né Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404â06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394â1423...
Martin V, né Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 â February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ...
Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ...
Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ...
Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 â August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ...
Paul II, cardinal-nephew of Eugene IV, who was cardinal-nephew of Gregory XII. Paul II (February 23, 1417 â July 26, 1471), born Pietro Barbo, was Pope from 1464 until his death in 1471. ...
Sixtus IV (July 21, 1414 â August 12, 1484), born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ...
Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was Pope from 1484 until his death. ...
Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ...
Pope Pius III (May 9, 1439 â October 18, 1503), born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ...
Pope Julius II (December 5, 1443 â February 21, 1513), born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ...
Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ...
Pope Adrian VI (Utrecht, March 2, 1459 â September 14, 1523), born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, son of Floris Boeyens, served as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1522 until his death. ...
For the antipope (1378â1394) see antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII (May 26, 1478 â September 25, 1534), born Giulio di Giuliano de Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534. ...
Pope Paul III with his cardinal-nephew Alessandro Cardinal Farnese (left) and his other grandson (right), Ottavio Farnese, Duke of Parma Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 â November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death 1549. ...
Pope Julius III (September 10, 1487 â March 23, 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 22, 1550 to 1555. ...
Marcellus II, né Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (May 6, 1501 â May 1, 1555), cardinal of Santa Croce, a native of the area of Ancona, Italy, was elected pope to succeed Julius III on April 9, 1555. ...
Pope Paul IV (June 28, 1476 â August 18, 1559), né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death. ...
Pius IV, né Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 â December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence. ...
Pope St. ...
Pope Gregory XIII (January 7, 1502 â April 10, 1585), born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585. ...
Pope Sixtus V (December 13, 1521 â August 27, 1590), born Felice Peretti, was Pope from 1585 to 1590. ...
Pope Urban VII (August 4, 1521 â September 27, 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590. ...
Pope Gregory XIV (February 11, 1535 â October 16, 1591), born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from December 5, 1590 â October 16, 1591. ...
Pope Innocent IX (July 20, 1519 â December 30, 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, who was born to a modest working family in the mountainous comune of Cravegna, in the diocese of Novara, northern Italy, was a Canon Lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV (1590...
Pope Clement VIII (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 â March 3, 1605 in Rome), born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ...
| Leo XI Paul V Gregory XV Urban VIII Innocent X Alexander VII Clement IX Clement X Innocent XI Alexander VIII Innocent XII Clement XI Innocent XIII Benedict XIII Clement XII Benedict XIV Clement XIII Clement XIV Pius VI Pius VII Leo XII Pius VIII Gregory XVI Pius IX Leo XIII Pius X Benedict XV Pius XI Pius XII John XXIII Paul VI John Paul I John Paul II Leo XI, né Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici (June 2, 1535, Florence â April 27, 1605, Rome), was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year. ...
Paul V, né Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1552 â January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ...
Pope Gregory XV with his Cardinal Nephew of unprecedented income and authority, Ludovico Ludovisi, known as il cardinale padrone. ...
Pope Urban VIII (April 1568 â July 29, 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. ...
Pope Innocent X (May 6, 1574 â January 7, 1655), born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj (or Pamphili), was Pope from 1644 to 1655[1]. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano...
Alexander VII, né Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 â May 22, 1667) was Pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ...
Pope Clement IX (January 28, 1600 â December 9, 1669), born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669. ...
Pope Clement X (July 13, 1590 â July 22, 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676. ...
The Blessed Innocent XI, né Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 â August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ...
Alexander VIII, né Pietro Vito Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice. ...
Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Naples family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. ...
Pope Clement XI (July 23, 1649 â March 19, 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death. ...
Pope Innocent XIII (May 13, 1655 â March 7, 1724) was pope from 1721 until his death. ...
Pope Benedict XIII (February 2, 1649 â February 21, 1730), born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini, was pope from 1724 until his death. ...
Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 â Rome, February 6, 1740), Pope from 1730 to 1740, had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. ...
Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 â May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ...
Clement XIII, born Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 â Rome, February 2, 1769), was Pope from 1758 to 1769. ...
Pope Clement XIV, born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant Arcangelo di Romagna, 31 October 1705 â 22 September 1774 in Rome), was Pope from 1769 to 1774. ...
Pius VI, born Giovanni Angelo Braschi (December 27, 1717 â August 29, 1799), Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ...
Pope Pius VII, OSB (August 14, 1740âAugust 20, 1823), born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was Bishop of Rome and Pope of the Catholic Church from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823. ...
Pope Leo XII (August 22, 1760 â February 10, 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829. ...
Pope Pius VIII (November 20, 1761 â December 1, 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope in 1829 and 1830. ...
Pope Gregory XVI (September 18, 1765 â June 1, 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846. ...
Pope Pius IX (May 13, 1792 â February 7, 1878), born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from his election in June 16, 1846, until his death more than 31 years later in 1878. ...
Pope Leo XIII (March 2, 1810âJuly 20, 1903), born Count Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903, succeeding Pope Pius IX. Reigning until the age of 93, he was the oldest pope, and had the third longest...
Pope St. ...
Pope Benedict XV (Latin: ), (Italian: Benedetto XV), (November 21, 1854 â January 22, 1922), born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922; he succeeded Pope Pius X (1903â14). ...
Pope Pius XI (Latin: ; Italian: Pio XI; May 31, 1857 â February 10, 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922 and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939. ...
Pius XIIs signature Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 â October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the human head of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City, from March 2, 1939 until his death. ...
See also: 15th-century Antipope John XXIII. Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: ), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 â June 3, 1963), known as Blessed John XXIII since his beatification, was elected as the 261st Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ...
This article cites very few or no references or sources. ...
Pope John Paul I (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo I), born Albino Luciani, (October 17, 1912âSeptember 28, 1978) reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 until his death. ...
Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: , Polish: ) born IPA: ; 18 May 1920 â 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church and Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City from 16 October 1978, until his death, almost 27 years later, making his the second-longest...
| | | | Currently: Benedict XVI | | Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ...
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