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Encyclopedia > Pope Callixtus III

Calixtus III
Image:Calixtus III.jpg
Birth name Alfonso de Borja
Papacy began April 8, 1455
Papacy ended August 6, 1458
Predecessor Nicholas V
Successor Pius II
Born December 31, 1378(1378-12-31)
Xàtiva, València, Spain
Died 6 August 1458 (aged 79)
Rome, Italy
Other popes named Callixtus

Calixtus III (December 31, 1378August 6, 1458), né Alfonso de Borja, was born near Xàtiva, València, today Spain but then Kingdom of Valencia under the Crown of Aragon, and was Pope from April 8, 1455 to his death in 1458. is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... no changes . ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 – March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ... Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Latin Aeneas Sylvius), (October 18, 1405 – August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... Xàtiva (formerly written Játiva), or San Felipe de Játiva, a town of eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia-Murcia and Valencia-Albacete railways. ... Valencia province Valencia (Castilian Spanish: Valencia /balenθja/; Valencian Catalan: València /vałεnsia/) is a province of Spain, in the central part of the Valencian Country. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... Pope Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope for a period of five years, from about 217 to about 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ... Antipope Callixtus III (or Callistus III) was Antipope from September 1168 to 29 August 1178. ... is the 365th day of the year (366th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events March - John Wyclif tried to gain public favour by laying his theses before parliament, and then made them public in a tract. ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 24 - Matthias I Corvinus becomes king of Hungary Foundation of Magdalen College, University of Oxford George of Podebrady becomes king of Bohemia Pope Pius II becomes pope Turks sack the Acropolis Births February 15 - Ivan the Young, Ruler of Tver (d. ... Xàtiva (formerly written Játiva), or San Felipe de Játiva, a town of eastern Spain, in the province of Valencia, on the right bank of the river Albaida and at the junction of the Valencia-Murcia and Valencia-Albacete railways. ... Valencia from space, June 1996 The Hemispheric at the Ciutat de les Arts i les Ciències by Santiago Calatrava, Valencia, Spain. ... History of Spain Series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History The Aragonese Empire was the regime... Coat of arms of Aragon, 15th century The Crown of Aragon is a term used to refer to the permanent union of multiple titles and states in the hands of the King of Aragon. ... For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ... is the 98th day of the year (99th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ... no changes . ...


Biography

His early career was spent as a professor of law at University of Lleida and then as a diplomat in the service of the Kings of Aragon, especially during the Council of Basel (1431–1439). He became a cardinal after reconciling Pope Eugene IV (1431–1447) with King Alfonso V of Aragon (1416–1458). For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... The University of Lleida (Catalan: Universitat de Lleida, Spanish: Universidad de Lérida) is one of the oldest Spanish universities. ... This page is about negotiations; for the board game, see Diplomacy (game). ... Anthem: Himno de Aragón Capital Zaragoza Official languages Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... The Council of Basel was a council of bishops and other ecclesiastics of the Roman Catholic Church that was held at Basel, Switzerland. ... A cardinal is an official of the second-highest rank of the Roman Catholic Church, inferior in rank only to the Pope. ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... Alfonso V of Aragon (also Alfonso I of Naples) (1396 – June 27, 1458), surnamed the Magnanimous, was the King of Aragon and Naples and count of Barcelona from 1416 to 1458. ...


He was raised to the papal chair in 1455 as Calixtus III at a very advanced age as a compromise candidate. He was viewed by historians as being feeble and incompetent. In the same year, he issued a Papal bulle (bulletin/edict) to Portugal. This bulle authorized it to reduce to servitude (enslave) "infidels" (non-christian) people. Thus, the Catholic Church gave permission to Portugal and its other subjugate countries to engage in the Trans-Atlantic, African Slave Trade. Therefore, assuring that the enslavement of Africans was not contradictory to the word of God nor the teachings of the church itself - without retaliation or penalization from either. ... no changes . ...


The great object of his policy was the urging of a crusade against the Turks, who had captured Constantinople in 1453, but he did not find the Christian princes responsive to his call despite his every effort. This article is about the medieval crusades. ... This article is about the city before the Fall of Constantinople (1453). ... April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (İstanbul). ...


Pope Calixtus III made two of his nephews cardinals, one of whom, Roderic de Borgia, later became Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503), who was infamous for corruption. Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ...


On June 29, 1456, he ordered the bells to be rung at noon (see noon bell) in all the Church to call Christians for prayer. As news spread with some delay, this order became connected with the crusade to lift the Siege of Belgrade (which happened on July 22), which was a signal victory against the Turks. To commemorate this victory, Calixtus III ordered the feast of the Transfiguration to be held on August 6. is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... During the Siege of Nándorfehérvár (modern-day Belgrade) in 1456, Hungarian nobleman János (John) Hunyadi defended the city against the onslaught of the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II. During the siege, Pope Callixtus III ordered the noon bell rung as a call for believers to pray for... Combatants Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Hungary Commanders Mehmet II John Hunyadi Strength About 100,000 About 75,000 Casualties About 50,000 About 10,000 After the fall of Constantinople in 1453, Ottoman sultan Mehmed II was rallying his resources in order to subjugate the Kingdom of Hungary. ... is the 203rd day of the year (204th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Icon of the Transfiguration (15th century, Novgorod) The Transfiguration of Jesus is an event reported by the Synoptic Gospels in which Jesus was transfigured upon a mountain (Matthew 17:1-9, Mark 9:1-8, Luke 9:28-36). ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


He ordered a new trial for St. Joan of Arc (c. 1412–1431), at which she was posthumously vindicated after being controversially tried and executed. The tone of this article is inappropriate for an encyclopedia. ...


Calixtus III's pre-papal coat of arms featured a grazing ox. A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ...


The "bull against the comet."

According to one story, first appearing in a posthumous biography in 1475 and later embellished and popularized by Pierre-Simon Laplace, Calixtus III excommunicated the 1456 apparition of Halley's Comet, believing it to be an ill omen for the Christian defenders of Belgrade, who were at that time being besieged by the armies of the Ottoman Empire. No known primary source supports the authenticity of this account. Calixtus III's papal bull of June 29, 1456, which called for public prayer for the success of the crusade, makes no mention of the comet, and by August 6, when the Turkish siege was broken, the comet had not been visible from Europe or Turkey for several weeks. 5<sup>Superscript text</sup>7<!-- Comment --><blockquote> Block quote </blockquote>{| class=class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |-{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3{| class=wikitable |- ! header 1 ! header 2 ! header 3 |- | row 1, cell 1 | row 1, cell 2 | row 1, cell 3 |- | row 2... Pierre-Simon, marquis de Laplace (March 23, 1749 - March 5, 1827) was a French mathematician and astronomer whose work was pivotal to the development of mathematical astronomy. ... Excommunication is a religious censure used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ... This article is about the comet. ... For other uses, see Belgrade (disambiguation). ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... is the 180th day of the year (181st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... is the 218th day of the year (219th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Nicholas V
Pope
1455–1458
Succeeded by
Pius II
Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ...

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