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Encyclopedia > Pope Clement XI
Clement XI
Birth name Giovanni Francesco Albani
Papacy began November 23, 1700
Papacy ended March 19, 1721
Predecessor Innocent XII
Successor Innocent XIII
Born July 23, 1649(1649-07-23)
Urbino, Italy
Died March 19, 1721 (aged 71)
Rome, Italy
Other popes named Clement

Pope Clement XI (July 23, 1649March 19, 1721), born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death. Image File history File links Pope Clement XI (Giovanni Albani) File links The following pages link to this file: Pope Clement XI ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1721 (MDCCXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Naples family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. ... Pope Innocent XIII (May 13, 1655 – March 7, 1724) was pope from 1721 until his death. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region in Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1721 (MDCCXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... There have been fourteen popes named Clement. ... is the 204th day of the year (205th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events January 30 - King Charles I of England, Scotland and Ireland is beheaded. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1721 (MDCCXXI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Pope (disambiguation). ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...

Contents

Biography

Early life

Albani was born in Urbino, into a noble family that had established itself there from northern Albania in the 15th century and were originally soldiers of Scanderbeg against the Ottoman Empire. During his reign as a Pope the famous "Illyricum Sacrum" was commissioned, and today it is one of the main sources of the field of Albanology with over 5000 pages divided in several volumes written by Dom. Farlati and Dom. Coletti. Urbino is a walled city in the Marche region in Italy, south-west of Pesaro, a World Heritage Site notable for a remarkable historical legacy of independent Renaissance culture, especially under the patronage of Federico da Montefeltro, duke of Urbino from 1444 to 1482. ... Scanderbeg sculpture Gjergj Kastrioti (Italian: Giorgio Castriota) (1405–January 17, 1468), better known as Skanderbeg or Skenderbej, was an Albanian leader who resisted the expanding Ottoman Empire for 25 years and is today considered a national hero of Albania. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1683, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) İstanbul (1453–1922) Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 (first) Osman I  - 1918–22 (last) Mehmed VI Grand Viziers  - 1320...


He was governor of Rieti and Urbino, and was created cardinal by Pope Alexander VIII, to whom he succeeded on November 23, 1700. Rieti is a town in the Latium, Italy. ... Alexander VIII, né Pietro Vito Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice. ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 1 - Russia accepts Julian calendar. ...

Medal depicting Clement XI.

Pontificate

Soon after his accession, the War of Spanish Succession broke out. Despite initially holding an ambiguous neutrality, Clement was later forced to name Charles, Archduke of Austria, as King of Spain, since the imperial army had conquered much of northern Italy and was threatening Rome itself (January 1709). Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ... Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI Charles VI, (German Karl VI; in full Karl Josef Franz)Holy Roman Emperor (October 1, 1685 – October 20, 1740) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1711 to 1740 and the second son of Leopold I with his third wife, Eleonore-Magdalena of Pfalz-Neuburg. ... The Spanish monarchy, referred to as the Crown of Spain (Corona de España) in the Spanish Constitution of 1978, is the office of the King or Queen of Spain. ...


By the Treaty of Utrecht that concluded the War, the Papal States lost their suzerainty over the Farnese Duchy of Parma and Piacenza in favour of Austria, and lost Comacchio as well. It was a blow from which the declining prestige of the Papal States would never recover. A map depicting the major changes in Western Europes borders as a result of the Treaties of Utrecht and Rastatt. ... Coat of arms of the House of Farnese. ... The Duchy of Parma was created in 1545 from that part of the Duchy of Milan south of the Po River, as a fief for Pope Paul IIIs illegitimate son, Pier Luigi Farnese, centered around the city of Parma. ... Comacchio is a town of Emilia Romagna, Italy, in the province of Ferrara, 48 km by road from the town of Ferrara, on the level of the sea, in the centre of the lagoon of Valli di Comacchio, just N. of the present mouth of the Reno. ...


In 1713 the bull Unigenitus was published. The bull greatly disturbed the peace of the Gallican (French) church. It condemned 101 propositions from the works of Quesnel as heretical and as identical with propositions already condemned in the writings of Jansen. Year 1713 (MDCCXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... There are english source documents for or relating to this article that could be added to Wikipedias sister project, Wikisource. ... The term Gallican Church usually refers to the Roman Catholic Church in France from the time of the Declaration of the Clergy of France (1682) to that of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1790) during the French Revolution. ... Pasquier Quesnel (July 14, 1634 - December 2, 1719) was a French Jansenist theologian. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the ‘catholic’ or orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ... Cornelius Jansen, Engraving by Jean Morin Cornelius Jansen, often known as Jansenius (October 28, 1585–May 6, 1638) was Catholic bishop of Ypres and the father of the religious movement known as Jansenism. ...


The resistance of many French ecclesiastics and the refusal of the French parlements to register the bull led to controversies extending through the greater part of the 18th century. Because the local governments did not officially receive the bull, it was not, technically, in force in those areas – an example of the interference of states in religious affairs common before the 20th century. This article is for the Ancien Régime institution. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...


Chinese Rites controversy

Coat of Arms of Pope Clement XI.

Another important decision of Clement XI was in regard to the Chinese Rites controversy: the Jesuit missionaries were forbidden to take part in honors paid to Confucius or the ancestors of the Emperors of China, which Clement XI identified as "idolatrous and barbaric", and to accommodate Christian language to pagan ideas under plea of conciliating the heathen. Image File history File links Clemente_XI.jpg http://www. ... Image File history File links Clemente_XI.jpg http://www. ... The Chinese Rites controversy was a dispute within the Roman Catholic Church in the early 18th century about whether Chinese folk religion rites and offerings to the emperor constituted idolatry or not. ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Confucius (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kung-fu-tzu), lit. ...


Clement XI died at Rome in 1721 and was buried in the pavement of St. Peter's Basilica. The Basilica of Saint Peter (Latin: ), officially known in Italian as the Basilica di San Pietro in Vaticano and commonly known as St. ...


Construction activity and patronage

Personally, Clement was one of the few popes to avoid nepotism[citation needed]. His nephew Annibale was elected cardinal, but only through personal merit[citation needed]. Look up nepotism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Annibale Albani (15 August 1682 - 21 September 1751) was an Italian Cardinal. ...


As a builder, Clement had a famous sundial added in the church of Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri and had an obelisk erected in the Piazza del Pantheon and a river port built on the Tiber River. For other uses, see Sundial (disambiguation). ... Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri Santa Maria degli Angeli e dei Martiri (English: ) is a basilica built inside the tepidarium of the baths of Diocletian, in Rome. ... The Pantheon, Rome The Pantheon is a building in Rome which was originally built as a temple to the seven deities of the seven planets in the Roman state religion, but which has been a Christian church since the 7th century. ... Tiber River in Rome The River Tiber (Italian Tevere), the third longest river in Italy (disputed — see talk page) at 406 km (252 miles) after the Po and the Adige, flows through the Campagna and Rome in its course from Mount Fumaiolo to the Tyrrhenian Sea, which it reaches in...


He established a committee, overseen by his favorite artists, Carlo Maratta and Carlo Fontana, to commission statuary of the apostles to complete the decoration of San Giovanni in Laterano. He also founded a painting and sculpting academy in the Campidoglio. Carlo Maratta was an Italian painter of the Baroque era. ... Carlo Fontana (Bruciato, Canton Ticino, 1634 or 1638 - Roma 1714) was an Italian architect, sculptor, engineer and author of important writings on the St. ... Late Baroque façade of the Basilica, completed, after a competition for the design, by Alessandro Galilei in 1735 St. ... The Capitoline Hill (Capitolinus Mons), between the Forum and the Campus Martius, is one of the famous seven hills of Rome, the site of a temple for the Capitoline Triad: the gods Jupiter, his wife Juno and their daughter Minerva. ...


He also enriched the Vatican library with numerous Oriental codexes and patronaged the first archaeological excavations in the Roman catacombs. In his native Urbino he restored numerous edifices and founded a public library. The Vatican Library (Latin: Bibliotheca Apostolica Vaticana) is the library of the Holy See, located in Vatican City. ... The word catacomb comes from Greek kata kumbas (L. ad catacumbas), near the low place and originally it meant a certain burial district in Rome. ...


References

  • "Pope Clement XI" in the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.
  • Rendina, Claudio (1983). I papi. Storia e segreti. Rome: Netwon & Compton, pp. 586-588. 
  • Initial text from the 9th edition (1876) of an unnamed encyclopedia
Wikisource has original works written by or about:
Pope Clement XI

Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

External links

Roman Catholic Church titles
Preceded by
Innocent XII
Pope
1700–21
Succeeded by
Innocent XIII
Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ...

  Results from FactBites:
 
Biography – Pope Clement XI – The Papal Library (12312 words)
Clement IX, in a brief of 1669, approved the decree of his predecessor, as was subsequently done by Innocent XI in various briefs, and Innocent XII in a brief of the 2nd of September, 1691.
Clement, by a brief of the 12th of February, 1703, condemned the decision of the Case of Conscience as contrary to the constitutions of Innocent X, received by the assembly the clergy in 1700.
The pope reproved the edict of the regent.
Pope Clement XII - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (821 words)
As a Corsini, with his mother a Strozzi, the new pope represented a family in the highest level of Florentine society, with a cardinal in every generation for the previous hundred years.
Instead he resigned his right of primogeniture and from Pope Innocent XI he purchased, according to the custom of the time, for 30,000 scudi, a position of prelatial rank and devoted his wealth and leisure to the enlargement of the library bequeathed to him by his uncle.
His good fortune increased during the pontificate of Pope Clement XI, who employed his talents as a courtier and rewarded him with a cardinal's hat, on May 17, 1706, retaining his services as papal treasurer.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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