NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Pope Damasus I

Pope Damasus I (ca. 305-383) was Pope from 366. Probably born near the city of Idanha-a-Nova (in Lusitania, Hispania), in what is present-day Portugal, under the Western Roman Empire, his life coincided with the rise of Constantine I and the reunion and redivision of the Western and Eastern Roman Empire as well as what is sometimes known as the Constantinian shift associated with the widespread legitimization of Christianity and the later adoption of Christianity as the religion of the Roman state.[1] Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... Events January 2, Alamanni cross frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading Roman Empire October 1 - Pope Damasus I becomes Bishop of Rome. ... Events By Place Roman Empire January 19 - Arcadius is elevated to Emperor. ... Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... St. ... Events May 1 - Diocletian and Maximian, emperors of Rome, retire from office. ... District or region Castelo Branco Mayor - Party Ãlvaro Rocha PS Area 1,416. ... In red is the province of Lusitania within the Roman Empire, 120 AD Lusitania was an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal, except for the area between the rivers Douro and Minho (part of Hispania Tarraconensis), and part of modern day western Spain, the present autonomous communities of Extremadura... Roman theater at MÃ©rida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ... Events By Place Roman Empire January 19 - Arcadius is elevated to Emperor. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (496. ... Damasus I ( 305 - 383) was pope from 366 to 383. ... Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are usually depicted as having halos. ... Events May 1 - Diocletian and Maximian, emperors of Rome, retire from office. ... Events By Place Roman Empire January 19 - Arcadius is elevated to Emperor. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... Events January 2, Alamanni cross frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading Roman Empire October 1 - Pope Damasus I becomes Bishop of Rome. ... District or region Castelo Branco Mayor - Party Ãlvaro Rocha PS Area 1,416. ... In red is the province of Lusitania within the Roman Empire, 120 AD Lusitania was an ancient Roman province approximately including current Portugal, except for the area between the rivers Douro and Minho (part of Hispania Tarraconensis), and part of modern day western Spain, the present autonomous communities of Extremadura... Roman theater at MÃ©rida; the statues are replicas Hispania was the name given by the Romans to the whole of the Iberian Peninsula (modern Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Gibraltar) and to two provinces created there in the period of the Roman Republic: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... Bronze statue of Constantine I in York, England, near the spot where he was proclaimed Emperor in 306 For other uses, see Constantine I (disambiguation). ... The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... Byzantine Empire is the term conventionally used to describe the Roman Empire during the Middle Ages, centered around its capital in Constantinople. ... Battle of the Milvian Bridge, Raphael, Vatican Rooms. ... This article is becoming very long. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Damasus I is known to have been raised in the service of the church of the martyr St. Laurence in Rome, and following the death of Pope Liberius, he succeeded to the Papacy amidst factional violence. A group of Damasus' supporters, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, attacked and killed rivals loyal to Liberius' deacon Ursinus, in a riot that required the intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to quell. Saint Lawrence (225 â€“ 258) (Latin Laurentius, laurelled) was one of the seven deacons of Rome who were martyred under the persecution of Roman Emperor Valerian in 258. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (496. ... Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... Felix II is generally considered an antipope rather than a pope. ... Deacon is a role in the Christian Church which is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. ... Ursicinus, also known as Ursinus was elected pope in a violently contested election in 366 as a rival to Pope Damasus I, ruled in Rome for several months in 366 – 367, was afterwards declared the antipope, and died after 381. ... This section may stray from the articles topic into the topic of another article: List of notable riots. ... This is a list of Roman Emperors with the dates they controlled the Roman Empire. ... Medallion of Valentinian I. Solidus minted by Valens in ca. ...

Damasus faced accusations of murder and adultery in his early years as Pope. The neutrality of these claims have come into question with some suggesting that the accusations were motivated by the schismatic conflict with the supporters of Arianism. His personal problems were contrasted with his religious accomplishments, which included restoring the Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura, appointing the later-Saint Jerome as his personal secretary, creating (through Jerome) a standard Latin translation of the Bible, known as the Vulgate, that replaced existing Vetus Latina, and was translated from the original Hebrew instead of the Greek Septuagint, and presiding over the Council of Rome in 382, at which, according to Roman Catholic tradition and the 6th century document Decretum Gelasianum, the modern Catholic canon of scripture was first set down. This article is about theological views like those of Arius. ... The Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura is a shrine to the martyred Roman deacon, Saint Lawrence. ... Jerome (ca. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... The word Bible refers to the canonical collections of sacred writings of Judaism and Christianity. ... The Vulgate Bible is an early 5th century translation of the Bible into Latin made by St. ... Vetus Latina is a collective name given to the Biblical texts in Latin that were translated before St Jeromes Vulgate bible became the standard Bible for Latin-speaking Western Christians. ... Hebrew redirects here. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Launcelot Lee Brentons English translation. ... The Council of Rome was a meeting of Western church officials and theologians which took place in 382 under the authority of Pope Damasus I. The previous year, the Emperor Theodosius I had appointed the dark horse candidate Nectarius Patriarch of Constantinople. ... Events October 3 - Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Visigoths, allowing them to settle south of the Danube. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... The so-called Decretum Gelasianum or Gelasian Decree was traditionally attributed to the prolific Pope Gelasius I, bishop of Rome 492 â€“ 496. ... The biblical canon is a list of books written during the formative periods of the Jewish or Christian faiths. ...

Early life

Damasus was the son of Antonius, a priest at the Church of San Lorenzo in Rome. The name of his mother was Laurentia. Damasus was raised in service of the Church.

During Damasus' early years, Constantine I rose to rule first the Western Roman Empire, presiding over the Edict of Milan (313) and winning religious freedom for Christians in all parts of the Roman Empire. A crisis precipitated by the rejection of religious freedom by Licinius, Emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, in favor of paganism resulted in a civil war (324) that placed Constantine firmly in control of a reunited Empire, and led to the establishment of Christian religious supremacy in Nova Roma as well as Rome, bringing new challenges to the authority of the Roman Church. Damasus would have been in his twenties at the time. The Western Roman Empire is the western half of the Roman Empire after its division by Diocletian in 286. ... The Edict of Milan (313) declared that the Roman Empire would be neutral with regard to religious worship, officially ending all government-sanctioned persecution, especially of Christianity. ... February - Wtf is up mah cracka??. Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, ending all persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire. ... As of Licinius Aureus of Licinius, celebrating his tenth year of reign and the fifth year of his son Licinius (on the obverse). ... Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning a country dweller or civilian) is a term which, from a western perspective, has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices of natural or polytheistic religions. ... Events Constantine becomes the sole emperor of the Roman Empire. ... Map of Constantinople. ...

Rise in the Church

When Pope Liberius was banished by Emperor Constantius II to Beraea, in 354, Damasus was arch-deacon of the Roman church and followed Liberus into exile, though he immediately returned to Rome. During the period before Liberius' return, Damasus had a great share in the government of the church.[2] Flavius Iulius Constantius, known in English as Constantius II, (7 August 317 - 3 November 361) was a Roman Emperor (337 - 361) of the Constantinian dynasty. ... Events Gallus deposed, executed at Antioch. ... Deacon is a role in the Christian Church which is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. ...

The succession crisis

In the early Church, new Bishops of Rome were elected or chosen by the clergy and the people of the diocese in the presence of the other bishops in the province, which was the manner customarily used in other dioceses. While this simple method worked well in a small community of Christians unified by persecution, as the congregation grew in size, the acclamation of a new bishop was fraught with division, and rival claimants and a certain class hostility between patrician and plebeian candidates unsettled some episcopal elections. At the same time, 4th century emperors expected to confirm each new pope. The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see Terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins and sees itself as the same Church founded by Jesus of Nazareth and maintained through Apostolic Succession from the Twelve... Clergy is the generic term used to describe the formal religious leadership within a given religion. ... Pope Pius XI blesses Bishop Stephen Alencastre as fifth Apostolic Vicar of the Hawaiian Islands in a Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace window. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... In Ancient Rome, the plebs was the general body of Roman citizens, distinct from the privileged class of the patricians. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ...

On the death of Liberius 24 September 366, one faction supported Ursinus who had served as deacon to Liberius, while the other faction, previously loyal to the Antipope Felix II, supported Damasus. The upper-class partisans of Felix supported the election of Damasus, but the opposing supporters of Liberius, the deacons and laity, supported Ursinus; the two were elected simultaneously (Damasus election was held in San Lorenzo in Lucina), in an atmosphere of rioting. Supporters already clashed at the beginning of October. Such was the violence and bloodshed that the two praefecti of the city were called in to restore order, and after a first setback, when they were driven to the suburbs and a massacre of 137 was perpetrated in the basilica of Sicininus (as cited in Ammianus Marcellinus), the prefects banished Ursinus to Gaul. There was further violence when he returned, which continued after Ursinus was exiled again. September 24 is the 267th day of the year (268th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events January 2, Alamanni cross frozen Rhine in large numbers, invading Roman Empire October 1 - Pope Damasus I becomes Bishop of Rome. ... Ursicinus, also known as Ursinus was elected pope in a violently contested election in 366 as a rival to Pope Damasus I, ruled in Rome for several months in 366 – 367, was afterwards declared the antipope, and died after 381. ... Felix II is generally considered an antipope rather than a pope. ... Deacon is a role in the Christian Church which is generally associated with service of some kind, but which varies among theological and denominational traditions. ... In religious organizations, the laity comprises all lay persons collectively. ... San Lorenzo in Lucina is a church in Rome, dating back to the 4th century, and devoted to St Lawrence, Roman diacon and martyr. ... The word prefect can refer to any of a number of types of official, including: in Latin, praefectus: a high-ranking military or civil official in the Roman Empire; the title now attaches to the heads of some departments of the Roman Curia, who are traditionally Cardinals, and if they... Ammianus Marcellinus (325/330-after 391) was a Roman historian who wrote during Late Antiquity. ... Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...

Church historians, such as Jerome and Rufinus, championed Damasus. At a synod in 378 Ursinus was condemned and Damasus exonerated and declared the true pope. The former antipope continued to intrigue against Damasus for the next few years, and unsuccessfully attempted to revive his claim on Damasus's death. Ursicinus was among the Arian party in Milan, according to Ambrose (Epistle iv). Jerome (ca. ... Tyrannius Rufinus or Rufinus of Aquileia (between 340 and 345–410 CE) was a monk, historian, and theologian. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Events Mid-February: Lentienses cross frozen Rhine, invading Roman Empire. ... Arian may refer to one of the following. ... Milan (Italian: Milano; Milanese: MilÃ¡n (listen)) is the main city of northern Italy, located in the plains of Lombardy. ... Saint Ambrose, (Latin: Sanctus Ambrosius, Ambrosius episcopus Mediolanensis; Italian: SantAmbrogio) (c. ...

This dissension climaxed with a riot which led to a three-day massacre and to the rare intervention of Emperor Valentinian I to uphold public order. Damasus prevailed, but only with the support of the city prefect. Once he was securely consecrated bishop of Rome, his men attacked Ursinus and his remaining supporters who were seeking refuge in the Liberian basilica, resulting in a massacre of one hundred and thirty seven supporters of Ursinus. Damasus was also accused of murder before a later prefect, but his rich friends secured the personal intervention of the emperor to rescue him from this humiliation. The reputations of both Damasus and the Roman church in general suffered greatly due to these two unseemly incidents. Medallion of Valentinian I. Solidus minted by Valens in ca. ...

Allegations of immorality

Many in both Pagan and Christian society saw in Damasus a man whose worldly ambitions outweighed his pastoral concerns. His entertainments were infamous for their lavishness. Praetextatus, a wealthy aristocrat and a high priest in the cults of numerous gods, reportedly joked to Damasus, "Make me bishop of Rome and I will become a Christian". Some of his critics called him "the ladies' ear-tickler." Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning a country dweller or civilian) is a term which, from a western perspective, has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices of natural or polytheistic religions. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Saint PrÃ¦textatus (ass. ...

According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, "An accusation of adultery was laid against him (378) in the imperial court, but he was exonerated by Emperor Gratian himself (J. D. Mansi, Coll. Conc., III, 628) and soon after by a Roman synod of forty-four bishops (Liber Pontificalis, ed. Duchesne, s.v.; Mansi, op. cit., III, 419) which also excommunicated his accusers.[3] The Catholic Encyclopedia, also referred to today as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia, is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by The Encyclopedia Press. ... A coin of Gratian. ... Gian (Giovanni) Domenico Mansi (16 February 1692â€“27 September 1769) was an Italian theologian, scholar and historian, known for his massive works on the Church councils. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... Diocesan College, or Bishops as it is commonly known, is a private school situated in the leafy suburb of Rondebosch in Cape Town, South Africa, at the foot of Table Mountain. ... The Book of the Popes or the Liber Pontificalis is a major source for early medieval history but was also met with intense critical scrutiny. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...

Association with Jerome, defence of the Church against schism

Damasus I was active in defending the Roman Church against the threat of schisms. In two Roman synods (368 and 369) he condemned Apollinarianism and Macedonianism, and sent legates to the First Council of Constantinople that was convoked in 381 to address these heresies. Download high resolution version (1780x2320, 784 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1780x2320, 784 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Rubens and Isabella Brant in the Honeysuckle Bower Alte Pinakothek Pieter Pauwel (Peter Paul) Rubens (June 28, 1577 â€“ May 30, 1640) was the most popular and prolific Flemish and European painter of the 17th century. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¯ÏƒÎ¼Î±, skhÃsma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¯Î¶Ï‰, skhÃzÅ, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... Apollinarism or Apollinarianism was a view proposed by Apollinaris of Laodicea that Jesus had a human body but a divine mind. ... The First Council of Constantinople (second ecumenical council) was called by Theodosius I in 381 to confirm the Nicene Creed and deal with other matters of the Arian controversy . ... Events First Council of Constantinople - second Ecumenical council of the Christian Church: The Nicene creed is affirmed and extended, Apollinarism is declared a heresy. ... Heresy, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, is a theological or religious opinion or doctrine maintained in opposition, or held to be contrary, to the Catholic or Orthodox doctrine of the Christian Church, or, by extension, to that of any church, creed, or religious system, considered as orthodox. ...

Damasus appointed Church historian Jerome, whom he appointed his confidential secretary. In Jerome's letter of 409 (letter cxx.10 [4]), he remarks, "A great many years ago when I was helping Damasus, bishop of Rome with his ecclesiastical correspondence, and writing his answers to the questions referred to him by the councils of the east and west [if "east and west" do not betray the passage as an interpolation] Jerome spent three years (382-385) in Rome in close intercourse with Pope Damasus and the leading Christians. Invited there originally to a synod of 382 convened to end the schism of Antioch, he made himself indispensable to the pope, and took a prominent place in his councils. Jerome (ca. ... For the cleaning product 409®, see butoxyethanol. ... Events October 3 - Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Visigoths, allowing them to settle south of the Danube. ... Events February 11 - Oldest Pope elected: Siricius, bishop of Tarragona. ... A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church, convened to decide an issue of doctrine, administration or application. ... The word schism (IPA: or ), from the Greek ÏƒÏ‡Î¯ÏƒÎ¼Î±, skhÃsma (from ÏƒÏ‡Î¯Î¶Ï‰, skhÃzÅ, to split), means a division or a split, usually in an organization or a movement. ... Antioch on the Orontes (Greek: Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎµÏ€Î¯ Î”Î¬Ï†Î½Î·, Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎµÏ€Î¯ ÎŸÏÏŒÎ½Ï„Î¿Ï… or Î‘Î½Ï„Î¹ÏŒÏ‡ÎµÎ¹Î± Î· ÎœÎµÎ³Î¬Î»Î·; Latin: Antiochia ad Orontem, also Antiochia dei Siri), the Great Antioch or Syrian Antioch was an ancient city located on the eastern side (left bank) of the Orontes River about 30 km from the sea and its port, Seleucia Pieria. ...

Damasus encouraged the highly respected scholar to revise the available Old Latin versions of the Bible into a more accurate Latin on the basis of the Greek New Testament and the Septuagint, in order to put an end to the marked divergences in the western texts of that period, resulting in the Vulgate. Jerome devotes a very brief notice to Damasus in De viris illustribus, written after Damasus' death: "he had a fine talent for making verses and published many brief works in heroic metre. He died in the reign of the Emperor Theodosius at the age of almost eighty" (ch. 103). The Forum inscription is one of the oldest known Latin inscriptions. ... The word Bible refers to the canonical collections of sacred writings of Judaism and Christianity. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ... John 21:1 Jesus Appears to His Disciples--Alessandro Mantovani: the Vatican, Rome. ... The Septuagint: A page from Codex vaticanus, the basis of Sir Launcelot Lee Brentons English translation. ... The Vulgate Bible is an early 5th century translation of the Bible into Latin made by St. ... An engraving depicting what Theodosius may have looked like, ca. ...

Associates Roman glory with Christianity

Damasus also contributed greatly to the liturgical and aesthetic enrichment of the city churches. He employed a calligrapher, one Dionysius Philocalus, to adorn the shrines of martyrs and Roman bishops with epigrams. The word leitourgia is derived from the two Greek words, leos and ergon. Leos, meaning the people of God and Ergon meaning the work. ...

These ceremonial embellishments and the emphasis on the Roman legacy of Peter and Paul amounted to a general claim to the Roman upper classes that the real glory of Rome was Christian and not pagan. All this made it more socially acceptable for the upper classes to convert to Christianity. Often, the women of the family were the first to abandon pagan ways, while the men tended to hold on to them longer, being generally more conservative in their idealised views on the greatness of the Empire. Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha â€” original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) â€” was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose from among his original disciples. ... Paul of Tarsus (b. ... This article is becoming very long. ...

Emperor Gratian

The reign of Gratian, during Damasus' papacy, forms an important epoch in ecclesiastical history, since during that period (359 - 383) Orthodox Christianity for the first time became dominant throughout the empire. Under the influence of Ambrosius, Gratian prohibited pagan worship at Rome; refused to wear the insignia of the pontifex maximus as unbefitting a Christian; removed the Altar of Victory from the Senate at Rome, despite protests of the pagan members of the Senate, and confiscated its revenues; forbade legacies of real property to the Vestals; and abolished other privileges belonging to them and to the pontiffs. Image File history File links image of emperor Gratian File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links image of emperor Gratian File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A coin of Gratian. ... Events Battle of Amida: Shapur II of Persia conquers Amida from the Romans. ... Events By Place Roman Empire January 19 - Arcadius is elevated to Emperor. ... Separate articles treat Eastern Orthodox Christianity and Orthodox Judaism. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Ambrosius might refer to: Saint Ambrose Ambrosius Aurelianus, mythical king of Britain Ambrosius, Metropolitan of Moscow Ambrosius Stub, poet Ambrosius (Hussite), priest, leader of Hussite peasants This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Paganism (from Latin paganus, meaning a country dweller or civilian) is a term which, from a western perspective, has come to connote a broad set of spiritual or religious beliefs and practices of natural or polytheistic religions. ... Nickname: The Eternal City Motto: SPQR: Senatus PopulusQue Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Mayor Walter Veltroni Area - City 1,285 kmÂ² (496. ... Alternate meanings: see Pontifex (disambiguation) In Ancient Rome, the Pontifex Maximus was the high priest of the collegium of the Pontifices, the most august position in Roman religion, open only to a patrician, until 254 BC, when a plebeian first occupied this post. ... The Altar of Victory was located in the Roman Senate House (the Curia) bearing a gold statue of the goddess Victory. ... The Roman Senate (Latin: Senatus) was the main governing council of both the Roman Republic, which started in 509 BC, and the Roman Empire, which ended in the 6th century AD. The word Senatus is derived from the Latin word senex, meaning old man or elder. ... A vestal Virgin, engraving by Sir Frederick Leighton, ca 1890: Leightons artistic sense has won over his passion for historical accuracy in showing the veil over the Vestals head at sacrifices, the suffibulum, as translucent, instead of fine white wool In Ancient Rome, the Vestal Virgins were the...

Churches of Saint Laurence

Accordang to legend, Laurence was slowly roasted to death on a grill, or gridiron, near the field of Verano in Rome.

After his martyrdom, Saint Laurence was buried in the Via Tiburtina in the Catacomb of Cyriaca by Hippolytus and Justinus, a presbyter. Constantine is said to have built a small oratory in honour of the martyr. Pope Damasus rebuilt or repaired the church, known as San Lorenzo fuori le Mura ("St Lawrence outside the walls"), which by the 7th century was a station on the itineraries of the graves of the Roman martyrs. This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The word catacomb comes from Greek kata kumbas (L. ad catacumbas), near the low place and originally it meant a certain burial district in Rome. ... The Basilica di San Lorenzo fuori le Mura is a shrine to the martyred Roman deacon, Saint Lawrence. ...

Damasus devotion for the Roman martyr is attested also by the tradition, according to which the pope built a church devoted to Laurence in his own house, San Lorenzo in Damaso. Interior of San Lorenzo in Damaso. ...

Letters of Jerome to Damasus

The letters from Jerome to Damasus have sometimes been adduced as examples of the primacy of the seat of Peter:

Letter of Jerome to Pope Damasus, 376, 2 Events Visigoths appear on the Danube and request entry into the Roman Empire in their flight from the Huns Births Cyril of Alexandria, theologian Deaths Categories: 376 ...

External links

References

Categories: 300s births | 383 deaths | Portuguese popes | Portuguese saints | Ancient Roman Christianity Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... Popes buried in St. ... St. ... The current Pope is Benedict XVI (born Joseph Alois Ratzinger), who was elected at the age of 78 on 19 April 2005. ... The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see Terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins and sees itself as the same Church founded by Jesus of Nazareth and maintained through Apostolic Succession from the Twelve... Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... Saint Peter, also known as Simon ben Jonah/BarJonah, Simon Peter, Cephas and Kepha â€” original name Simon or Simeon (Acts 15:14) â€” was one of the Twelve Apostles whom Jesus chose from among his original disciples. ... Pope Linus (d. ... Anacletus, or Anencletus, was the third pope (after St Peter and St Linus). ... Saint Clement I, the bishop of Rome also called Clement of Rome and Clemens Romanus, was either the third or fourth pope, before or after Anacletus. ... Evaristus was Pope from about 98 to 105 (99 to 108 in the Vaticans Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Alexander I was Pope from about 106 to 115. ... Sixtus I was a second-century pope for about ten years, succeeding Pope Alexander I. In the oldest documents, Xystus is the spelling used for the first three popes of that name. ... Telesphorus (feast day: January 5) was Pope from about 126 to about 137. ... Hyginus (feast day: January 11) was Pope from about 138 to about 140. ... Pope Pius I was pope, perhaps from 140 to 154, though the Vaticans 2003 Annuario Pontificio lists 142 or 146 to 157 or 161. ... Anicetus was pope from about 154 to about 167 (the Vaticans list cites 150 or 157 to 153 or 168). ... Soter, sometimes known as the Pope of Charity, was pope from 166 to 174 (the Vatican cites 162 or 168 to 170 or 177). ... Eleuterus or Eleutherius was pope from about 175 to 189 (the Vatican cites 171 or 177 to 185 or 193). ... Saint Victor I was Pope from 189 to 199 (the Vatican cites 186 or 189 to 197 or 201). ... Pope Zephyrinus was pope from about 199 to 217. ... Callixtus I (also Callistus I) was pope from about 217 to 222, during the reigns of the Roman Emperors Elagabalus and Alexander Severus. ... Saint Urban, pope (222-230), came to The See in the year that Roman Emperor Heliogabalus was assassinated and served under the reign of Emperor Alexander Severus. ... Pontian (or Pontianus), was pope from July 21, 230 to September 28, 235. ... Pope Anterus, the 19th Pope (Reign: November 21, 235 - January 3, 236), succeeded Pope Pontian, who had been deported from Rome along with the antipope Hippolytus to Sardinia. ... Saint Fabian (died 250; feast day: January 20), pope and martyr, was chosen pope, or bishop of Rome, in January 236 in succession to Pope Anterus. ... Cornelius was elected pope on either March 6 or March 13, 251 during the lull in the persecution of the Roman Emperor Decius. ... Lucius I was pope for eight months (253-254). ... Stephen I, pope (about March 12, 254 to August 2, 257). ... Sixtus II was pope from August 30, 257 to August 6, 258, following Stephen I as bishop of Rome in 257. ... Pope Dionysius was pope from July 22, 259 to December 26, 268. ... Felix I, pope (January 5, 269 - December 30, 274), a Roman by birth, succeeded Dionysius after his death on December 26, 268 as Pope, being elected in January 269. ... Eutychian or Eutychianus was pope from January 4, 275 to December 7, 283 (according to the Annuario Pontificio of 2003). ... Saint Caius or Gaius was pope from 283 until his death in 296. ... Saint Marcellinus, Pope, according to the Liberian Catalogue, became bishop of Rome on June 30, 296; his predecessor was Pope Caius. ... Marcellus I, pope, succeeded Marcellinus, after a considerable interval, most probably in May 307; under Maxentius he was banished from Rome in 309 on account of the tumult caused by the severity of the penances he had imposed on Christians who had lapsed under the recent persecution. ... Eusebius (Greek word: euseves=pious) was a Pope in the year 309 or 310. ... Miltiades, or Melchiades (other forms of the name being Meltiades, Melciades, Milciades, and Miltides) was Pope from July 10, 310 or 311 to January 10 or 11, 314. ... Pope Silvester I (or Sylvester) was pope from January 314 to December 31, 335, succeeding Pope Miltiades. ... Mark (in Latin : Marcus) was pope in the year 336. ... Julius I, pope from 337 to 352, was a native of Rome and was chosen as successor of Marcus after the Roman see had been vacant four months. ... Liberius, pope from May 17, 352 to September 24, 366, was the earliest pope who did not become a saint. ... St. ... Anastasius I was pope from November 27, 399-401. ... Saint Innocent I, pope (402 - 417), was, according to his biographer in the Liber Pontificalis, the son of a man called Innocent of Albano; but according to his contemporary Jerome, his father was Pope Anastasius I, whom he was called by the unanimous voice of the clergy and laity to... This article is on the pope. ... Boniface I was pope from 418 to 422. ... Saint Celestine I was pope from 422 to 432. ... Sixtus III (d. ... Pope Leo I was a Roman aristocrat who was Pope from 440 to 461. ... Pope Hilarius (also Hilarus, Hilary) was Pope from 461 to February 28, 468). ... Simplicius was pope from 468 to March 10, 483. ... Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to 492. ... Gelasius I was Pope (492 - 496). ... Anastasius II (died November 16, 498) was pope from November 24, 496 to his death. ... Symmachus was pope from 498 to 514. ... Pope Hormisdas was Pope from July 20, 514 to 523. ... John I was Pope from 523 to 526. ... Felix IV was Pope from 526 to 530. ... Boniface II was Pope from 530 to 532. ... John II born Mercurius was pope from 533 to 535. ... Agapetus I, or Agapitus I, pope (535 - 536), was the son of Gordian, a priest who had been slain during the riots in the days of Pope Symmachus. ... Silverius, Pope (536 - 537), was a legitimate son of Pope Hormisdas, born before his father entered the priesthood. ... Vigilius was Pope from 537 to 555. ... Pelagius I, Pope (556 - 561 March 3), came from a Roman noble family. ... John III was pope from 561 to 574. ... Benedict I (died July 30, 579) was pope from June 2, 575 to his death. ... Pelagius II was pope from 579 to 590. ... Saint Gregory redirects here. ... Sabinian (died February 22, 606) was pope from 604 to 606. ... Boniface III was Pope from February 19 to November 12, 607. ... Boniface IV (ca. ... St. ... Boniface V (died October 25, 625) was pope from 619 to 625. ... Honorius I (died October 12, 638) was pope from 625 to 638. ... Severinus was pope in the year 640. ... John IV was a native of Dalmatia, and the son of the scholasticus (advocate) Venantius. ... Theodore I (d. ... Martin I, born near Todi, Umbria in the place now named after him Pian S. Martino, was pope from 649 to 655, succeeding Theodore I in June or July 649. ... Eugene I, pope (655-657), was a native of Rome. ... Vitalianus (died January 27, 672) was Pope from 657 - 672. ... Adeodatus (also known as Adeodatus II) reigned as pope from 672 to 676. ... Pope Donus Donus (died April 11, 678) was pope from November 2, 676 to his death. ... Agatho (born 577?, died 10 January 681) was pope from 678 to 681. ... Leo II, pope from August 682 to July 683, was a Sicilian by birth, and succeeded Agatho. ... Pope Benedict II was pope from 684 to 685. ... John V, pope from 685 to August 2, 686, was a Syrian by birth, and on account of his knowledge of Greek had in 680 been named papal legate to the Sixth Ecumenical Council at Constantinople. ... Conon (unknown - September 21, 687) was Pope from October 21, 686 until his death on September 21, 687, in Rome. ... Sergius I (d. ... John VI, pope from 701 to 705, was a native of Greece, and succeeded to the papal chair two months after the death of Sergius I. He assisted the exarch Theophylact, who had been sent to Italy by the emperor Justinian II, and prevented him from using violence against the... John VII, pope from 705 to 707, successor of John VI, was also of Greek nationality. ... Sisinnius (died February 4, 708) was Pope for about three weeks in 708. ... Constantinus (d. ... Saint Gregory II, pope from 715 or 716 to February 11, 731, succeeded Pope Constantine, his election being variously dated May 19, 715, and March 21, 716. ... Pope Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... Saint Zacharias (or Zachary), pope (741-752), from a Greek family of Calabria, appears to have been on intimate terms with Gregory III, whom he succeeded (November 741). ... Stephen, elected pope in March of 752 to succeed Pope Zacharias, died of apoplexy three days later, before being consecrated. ... Paul I was Pope from May 29, 757- June 28, 767. ... Stephen III (d. ... Adrian, or Hadrian I, (died December 25, 795) was pope from 772 to 795. ... Leo III (died June 12, 816) was Pope from 795 to 816. ... Stephen IV, (720 â€“ January 24, 772), pope August 1, 768 â€“ January 24, 772, was a native of Sicily. ... Saint Paschal I was pope from 817 to February 11, 824. ... Eugene II, (or Eugenius), pope (824-827) was a native of Rome and was chosen to succeed Paschal I. Another candidate, Zinzinnus, was proposed by the plebeian faction, and the presence of Lothar, son of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious was necessary in order to maintain the authority of... Valentinus, or Valentine, pope for thirty or forty days in 827, was a Roman by birth, and, according to the Liber Pontificalis, was first made a deacon by Paschal I (817-824). ... Gregory IV, pope (827-844), was chosen to succeed Valentinus in December 827, on which occasion he recognized the supremacy of the Frankish emperor Louis the Pious in the most unequivocal manner. ... Sergius II, was Pope from 844-847. ... Leo IV, pope from 847 to 855, was a Roman by birth, and was unanimously chosen to succeed Sergius II. His pontificate was chiefly distinguished by his efforts to repair the damage done by the Saracens during the reign of his predecessor to various churches of the city, especially those... Benedict III was Pope from 855 to 7 April 858. ... Nicholas I,(Rome c. ... Adrian II (also known as Hadrian II), (792â€“872), pope from 867 to 872, was a member of a noble Roman family, and became pope in 867, at an advanced age. ... John VIII was pope from 872 to 882. ... Marinus I (or Martin II), Pope between December 16, 882- May 15, 884. ... Adrian III (also known as Hadrian III) was Pope from May 17, 884 to September, 885. ... Stephen V, Pope from June 816-January 817, succeeded Leo III, whose policy he continued. ... Jean-Paul Laurens, Le Pape Formose et Etienne VII (1870). ... Boniface VI, pope, a native of Rome, was elected in April 896 as a result of riots soon after the death of Pope Formosus. ... Stephen VI, pope (885-891), succeeded Pope Adrian III, and was in turn succeeded by Pope Formosus. ... Romanus, was Pope from August 897 to November 897. ... Theodore II was the son of Photius. ... John IX, Pope from 898 to 900, not only confirmed the judgment of his predecessor Pope Theodore II (897) in granting Christian burial to Pope Formosus (891â€“896), but at a council held at Ravenna decreed that the records of the synod which had condemned him should be burned. ... Benedict IV was pope from ca. ... Leo V, a native of Ardea, was Pope for some thirty days in 903 after the death of Pope Benedict IV (900â€“903). ... Pope Sergius III, scion of Benedictus, of a noble Roman family, reigned in two intervals between 897 and April 14, 911, during a period of feudal violence and disorder in central Italy, where the Papacy was a pawn of warring aristocratic factions. ... Anastasius III, pope from September 911 to November 913, was a Roman by birth. ... Pope Lando was elected pope in either July or August of 913, and was therefore Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. ... John X, Pope from 914 to 928, was deacon at Bologna when he attracted the attention of Theodora, the wife of Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, the most powerful noble in Rome, through whose influence he was elevated first to the see of Bologna and then to the archbishopric of Ravenna. ... The Roman Leo VI succeeded John X as pope in 928, and reigned seven months and a few days -- the exact dates are not known. ... Stephen VII, was Pope from May 896 to July or August 897. ... John XI (910?â€“936) was a pope from 931 to 936. ... Leo VII (died July 13, 939), Pope from January 3, 936 until his death in 939, was preceded by Pope John XI (931â€“935), and followed by Pope Stephen VIII (939â€“942). ... Stephen VII (VIII), pope (December, 928-931). ... Marinus II (Martin III), born in Rome, was Pope from 942 to 946. ... Agapetus II (died November 8, 955) was Pope from May 10, 946 until his death in 955, at the time when Alberic, son of Marozia, was governing the independent republic of Rome under the title of prince and senator of the Romans. ... John XII (born in Rome circa 937, died May 14, 964), was Pope from 955 to 963, was the son of Alberic II, whom he succeeded as patrician of Rome in 954, being then only eighteen years of age. ... Leo VIII (died 965), Pope from 963 to 964, a Roman by birth, held the lay office of protoserinus when he was elected to the papal chair at the instance of Otto the Great, by the Roman synod which deposed John XII in December 963. ... Benedict V (born in Rome; died July 4, 965), Pope (22 May 964 - 23 June 964), was elected by the Romans on the death of John XII. However the Roman emperor Otto I did not approve of the choice and had him deposed after only a month, and the ex... John XIII of Crescenzi family (born in Rome; died September 6, 972) served as Pope from October 1, 965 until his death. ... Benedict VI, Pope (born in Rome, 972 - 974), was chosen with great ceremony and installed as pope under the protection of the Emperor Otto the Great. ... Benedict VII (born in Rome, the son of David, and previously Bishop of Sutri; died 983) belonged to the noble family of the counts of Tusculum. ... John XIV (died August 20, 984), Pope from 983 to 984, successor to Benedict VII, was born at Pavia, and before his elevation to the papal chair was imperial chancellor of Otto II, and was the latters second choice. ... John XV, pope from 984 to 996, generally recognized as the successor of Boniface VII, the pope John who was said to have ruled for four months after John XIV, being now omitted by the best authorities. ... Gregory V, nÃ© Bruno ( 972 â€“ February 18, 999), Pope from May 3, 996 to February 18, 999, son of the Salian Otto I, Duke of Carinthia, who was a grandson of the Emperor Otto I the Great (936â€“973). ... Gerbert of Aurillac, later known as pope Silvester II, (or Sylvester II), (ca. ... John XVII, né Sicco (died November 6, 1003), was a native of Rome who succeeded Silvester II as pope on June 13, 1003, but died less than five months later. ... John XVIII, born Fasanius (died June 1009), the son of a Roman priest named Leo, was pope from 1003 to 1009, was, during his whole pontificate, the mere creature of the current head of the Crescentii clan who controlled Rome, the patricius (an aristocratic military leader) Johannes Crescentius III. The... Sergius IV, nÃ© Pietro Boccapecora (born in Rome, died May 12, 1012) was pope from July 31, 1009 until his death. ... Benedict VIII, nÃ© Theophylactus (born in Rome, died April 9, 1024), pope (1012-1024), of the noble family of the counts of Tusculum (son of Gregory, Count of Tusculum, and Maria, and brother of John XIX), descended from Theophylact, Count of Tusculum like his predecessor Benedict VI, was opposed by... John XIX (born in Rome, died October 1032), born Romanus, was Pope from 1024 to 1032. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Silvester III, nÃ© John of Crescenzi â€“ Ottaviani family (born in Rome; probably died in 1062 or 1063); was Pope in 1045. ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... For the antipope of the same name, see antipope Gregory VI Gregory VI, nÃ© John Gratian, date of birth unknown; elected 1 May 1045; abdicated at the Council of Sutri on 20 December 1046; died probably at Cologne, in the beginning of 1048. ... Clement II, nÃ© Suidger of Morsleben (born Hornburg, Lower Saxony, Germany, 1005 â€“ died October 9, 1047), Pope from December 25, 1046 to October 9, 1047). ... Benedict IX, nÃ© Theophylactus (Rome, c. ... Damasus II, nÃ© Poppo (died August 9, 1048), Pope from July 17, 1048 to August 9, 1048, was the second of the German pontiffs nominated by Emperor Henry III (1039â€“56). ... Leo IX, born Bruno of Eguisheim-Dagsburg (June 21, 1002 â€“ April 19, 1054) was Pope from February 12, 1049 to his death. ... Victor II (c. ... Pope Stephen IX, orignally Archdeacon Frederick of Leige was a native of Germany, was pope from about July 14, 939 until his death towards the end of October, 942. ... Nicholas II, born GÃ©rard de Bourgogne (died July 19 or July 27, 1061), Pope from 1059 to July 1061, was at the time of his election Bishop of Florence. ... Alexander II (died April 21, 1073), born Anselmo da Baggio , Pope from 1061 to 1073, was a native of Milan. ... Pope Gregory VII (c. ... The Blessed Victor III, born as Dauferius (Benevento, 1026? â€“ September 16, 1087), Pope (May 24, 1086 until his death), was the successor of Pope Gregory VII (1073â€“85). ... Pope Urban II (1042 â€“ July 29, 1099), born Otho of Lagery (alternatively: Otto or Odo), was a Pope from 1088 to July 29, 1099. ... Paschal II, nÃ© Ranierius (born in Bleda, near ForlÃ¬, Romagna - d. ... Gelasius II, nÃ© Giovanni Coniulo (died January 29, 1119), Pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119, was born at Gaeta of an illustrious family. ... Callixtus II (or Calistus II), born Guido of Vienne (died December 13, 1124), the son of William I, Count of Burgundy (1057â€“87), was elected Pope on February 2, 1119, after the death of Pope Gelasius II (1118â€“19). ... Pope Honorius II should not be confused with Antipope Honorius II, otherwise known as Peter Cadalus. ... Pope Innocent II (died September 24, 1143), born Gregorio Papareschi, was Pope from 1130 to 1143, and was probably one of the clergy in personal attendance on the antipope Clement III (Guibert of Ravenna). ... Celestine II, born Guido di Castello (d. ... Lucius II, neÃ© Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso (died February 15, 1145) was Pope from March 12, 1144 until his death. ... The Blessed Eugene III, né Bernardo Pignatelli (d. ... Anastasius IV, nÃ© Corrado di Suburra or della Suburra (d. ... Pope Adrian IV (c. ... Alexander III, nÃ© Orlando Bandinelli (c. ... Lucius III, nÃ© Ubaldo Allucingoli (1097 â€“ November 25, 1185), was pope from September 1, 1181 to his death. ... Urban III, nÃ© Uberto Crivelli (d. ... Pope Gregory VIII (ca. ... Clement III, born Paulino Scolari (or Paolo) (b. ... Celestine III, nÃ© Giacinto Bobone (Rome, ca. ... Innocent III, born Lotario de Conti di Segni (Gavignano, near Anagni, ca. ... Honorius III, nÃ© Cencio Savelli (Rome, 1148 â€“ March 18, 1227 in Rome), was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ... Papal Arms of Pope Gregory IX. Gregory IX, nÃ© Ugolino di Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Pope Celestine IV (died November 10, 1241 in Rome), born Goffredo da Castiglione, was pope from October 25, 1241 to November 10, 1241. ... Pope Innocent IV (Manarola, 1180/90 â€“ Naples, December 7, 1254), born Sinibaldo de Fieschi, Pope from 1243 to 1254, belonged to the feudal nobility of Liguria, the Fieschi, counts of Lavagna. ... Alexander IV, nÃ© Rinaldo Conti (Anagni, ca. ... Urban IV, born Jacques PantalÃ©on (Troyes, ca. ... Clement IV, nÃ© Gui Faucoi le Gros ( Guy Foulques the Fat or Guido le Gros) (Saint-Gilles-du-Gard, November 23, year uncertain â€“ Viterbo, November 29, 1268), was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call... Gregory X, nÃ© Theobald Visconti (Piacenza, ca. ... Innocent V, nÃ© Pierre de Tarentaise (Hamlet of Friburge - Champagny en Vanoise, Savoy, ca. ... Adrian V (also known as Hadrian V), nÃ© Ottobuono de Fieschi (c. ... Pope John XXI (1215 â€“ May 20, 1277), born Pedro JuliÃ£o, a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus), was Pope from 1276 until his death. ... . Nicholas III, nÃ© Giovanni Gaetano Orsini (Rome, ca. ... Martin IV, nÃ© Simon de Brion (ca. ... Honorius IV, nÃ© Giacomo Savelli (Rome, ca. ... Nicholas IV, nÃ© Girolamo Masci (Lisciano, a small village near Ascoli Piceno, September 30, 1227 â€“ April 4, 1292), was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. ... Saint Celestine V, nÃ© Pietro Angelerio (according to some sources Angelario or Angelieri or Angelliero or Angeleri), also known as Pietro del Morrone (1215 â€“ May 19, 1296) was Pope in the year 1294. ... Boniface VIII, nÃ© Benedetto Caetani (Anagni, c. ... Benedict XI, born Nicholas Boccasini (Treviso, 1240 â€“ July 7, 1304), Pope from 1303 to 1304, succeeded the famous Pope Boniface VIII (1294â€“1303), but was unable to carry out his policies. ... Clement V, born Bertrand de Goth (also occasionally spelled Gouth and Got) (1264 â€“ April 20, 1314), was Pope from 1305 to his death. ... Pope John XXII, born Jacques DuÃ¨ze or dEuse (1249 â€“ December 4, 1334), was the son of a shoemaker in Cahors. ... Benedict XII, nÃ© Jacques Fournier ( 1280s â€“ April 25, 1342), was Pope from 1334 to 1342. ... Clement VI, nÃ© Pierre Roger (1291 â€“ December 6, 1352), the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was elected in May 1342, and reigned until his death. ... Innocent VI, nÃ© Ã‰tienne Aubert (1282 or 1295 â€“ September 12, 1362), Pope at Avignon from 1352 to 1362, the successor of Pope Clement VI (1342â€“52), was a native of the hamlet of Les Monts, diocese of Limoges (today part of the commune of Beyssac, dÃ©partement of CorrÃ¨ze... Blessed Urban V, nÃ© Guillaume Grimoard (1310 â€“ December 19, 1370), Pope from 1362 to 1370, was a native of Grizac in Languedoc (today part of the commune of Le Pont-de-Montvert, dÃ©partement of LozÃ¨re). ... Gregory XI, nÃ© Pierre Roger de Beaufort (ca. ... Pope Urban VI (Naples c. ... Boniface IX, nÃ© Piero Tomacelli (1356 â€“ October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 â€“ until October 1, 1404). ... Innocent VII, nÃ© Cosimo de Migliorati (ca. ... Gregory XII, nÃ© Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404â€“06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394â€“1423... Martin V, nÃ© Oddone Colonna or Odo Colonna (1368 â€“ February 20, 1431), Pope from 1417 to 1431, was elected on St. ... Eugenius IV, né Gabriel Condulmer (1383 - February 23, 1447) was pope from March 3, 1431 to his death. ... Nicholas V, nÃ© Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397 â€“ March 24, 1455) was Pope from March 6, 1447, to his death. ... Calistus and Calixtus III redirect here. ... Pius II, nÃ© Enea Silvio Piccolomini, in Latin Aeneas Sylvius (October 18, 1405 â€“ August 14, 1464) was Pope from 1458 until his death. ... Paul II, nÃ© Pietro Barbo (February 23, 1417 â€“ July 26, 1471), was Pope from 1464 until his death. ... Sixtus IV, born Francesco della Rovere (July 21, 1414 â€“ August 12, 1484) was Pope from 1471 to 1484. ... Pope Innocent VIII (1432 â€“ July 25, 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo, was Pope from 1484 until his death. ... Pope Alexander VI (1 January 1431 â€“ 18 August 1503), born Roderic Borja (Italian: Borgia), (reigned from 1492 to 1503), is the most controversial of the secular popes of the Renaissance and one whose surname became a byword for the debased standards of the papacy of that era. ... Pius III, born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini (May 9, 1439 â€“ October 18, 1503), was [Pope]] from September 22 to October 18, 1503. ... Julius II, born Giuliano della Rovere (December 5, 1443 â€“ February 21, 1513), was Pope from 1503 to 1513. ... Pope Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici (11 December 1475 â€“ 1 December 1521) was Pope from 1513 to his death. ... The house where Adrian VI was born Adrian VI (also known as Hadrian VI or Adriano VI), born Adrian dEdel (March 2, 1459 - September 14, 1523), pope from 1522 to 1523, was born in Utrecht, the Netherlands, and studied under the Brethren of the Common Life either at Zwolle... For the antipope (1378â€“1394) see antipope Clement VII and other Popes named Clement see Pope Clement. ... Pope Paul III (February 29, 1468 â€“ November 10, 1549), born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope from 1534 to 1549. ... Pope Julius III (September 10, 1487 â€“ March 23, 1555), born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from February 7, 1550 to 1555. ... Marcellus II, nÃ© Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi (May 6, 1501 â€“ May 1, 1555), cardinal of Santa Croce, a native of the area of Ancona, Italy, was elected pope to succeed Julius III on April 9, 1555. ... Paul IV, nÃ© Giovanni Pietro Carafa (June 28, 1476 â€“ August 18, 1559) was Pope from May 23, 1555 until his death. ... Pius IV, nÃ© Giovanni Angelo Medici (March 31, 1499 â€“ December 9, 1565), pope from 1559 to 1565, was born of humble parentage in Milan, unrelated with the Medicis of Florence. ... Saint Pius V, nÃ© Antonio Ghislieri, from 1518 called Michele Ghislieri (January 17, 1504 â€“ May 1, 1572) was pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. ... Gregory XIII, born Ugo Boncompagni (January 7, 1502 â€“ April 10, 1585) was pope from 1572 to 1585. ... Sixtus V, born Felice Peretti (December 13, 1521 -â€“ August 27, 1590) was pope from 1585 to 1590. ... Pope Urban VII (August 4, 1521 â€“ September 27, 1590), born Giovanni Battista Castagna, was Pope for thirteen days in September 1590. ... Pope Gregory XIV (February 11, 1535 â€“ October 16, 1591), born NiccolÃ² Sfondrati, was Pope from December 5, 1590 â€“ October 16, 1591. ... Pope Innocent IX (July 20, 1519 â€“ December 30, 1591), born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, who was born to a modest working family in the mountainous comune of Cravegna, in the diocese of Novara, northern Italy, was a Canon Lawyer, diplomat, and chief administrator during the reign of Pope Gregory XIV (1590... Clement VIII, born Ippolito Aldobrandini (Fano, Italy, February 24, 1536 â€“ March 3, 1605 in Rome) was Pope from January 30, 1592 to March 3, 1605. ... Leo XI, nÃ© Alessandro Ottaviano de Medici (June 2, 1535, Florence â€“ April 27, 1605, Rome), was Pope from April 1, 1605 to April 27 of the same year. ... Paul V, nÃ© Camillo Borghese (Rome, September 17, 1552 â€“ January 28, 1621) was Pope from May 16, 1605 until his death. ... Gregory XV, born Alessandro Ludovisi (January 9, 1554 â€“ July 8, 1623), Pope (1621-1623), born at Bologna, succeeded Paul V on February 9, 1621. ... Pope Urban VIII (April 1568 â€“ July 29, 1644), born Maffeo Barberini, was Pope from 1623 to 1644. ... Innocent X, born Giovanni Battista Pamphili (May 6, 1574 â€“ January 7, 1655) was Pope from 1644 to 1655. ... Alexander VII, nÃ© Fabio Chigi (February 13, 1599 â€“ May 22, 1667) was Pope from April 7, 1655 until his death in 1667. ... Clement IX, né Giulio Rospigliosi (January 28, 1600 - December 9, 1669) was pope from 1667 to 1669. ... Pope Clement X (July 13, 1590 â€“ July 22, 1676), born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676. ... The Blessed Innocent XI, nÃ© Benedetto Odescalchi (May 16, 1611 â€“ August 12, 1689) was pope from 1676 to 1689. ... Alexander VIII, nÃ© Pietro Vito Ottoboni (April 22, 1610 - February 1, 1691), pope from 1689 to 1691, was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice. ... Innocent XII, né Antonio Pignatelli (March 13, 1615 - September 27, 1700) pope from 1691 to 1700, was the successor of Alexander VIII. He came of a distinguished Naples family and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome. ... Clement XI, nÃ© Giovanni Francesco Albani (July 23, 1649 â€“ March 19, 1721) was pope from 1700 to 1721. ... Innocent XIII, nÃ© Michelangelo dei Conti (Poli, near Rome, May 13, 1655 â€“ March 7, 1724 in Rome), pope from 1721 to 1724, became cardinal under Clement XI in 1706. ... For Pedro de Luna, the last of the Avignon popes, see Antipope Benedict XIII. Benedict XIII, O.P., born Pietro Francesco Orsini, later Vincenzo Maria Orsini (Gravina di Puglia, February 2, 1649 â€“ February 21, 1730), was pope from 1724 to 1730. ... Clement XII, born as Lorenzo Corsini (Florence, April 7, 1652 â€“ Rome, February 6, 1740), Pope from 1730 to 1740, had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding pontiffs. ... Benedict XIV, born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini (Bologna, March 31, 1675 â€“ May 3, 1758 in Rome), was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758. ... Clement XIII, born Carlo della Torre Rezzonico (Venice, March 7, 1693 â€“ Rome, February 2, 1769), was Pope from 1758 to 1769. ... Pope Clement XIV, born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli (Sant Arcangelo di Romagna, 31 October 1705 â€“ 22 September 1774 in Rome), was Pope from 1769 to 1774. ... Pius VI, born Giovanni Angelo Braschi (December 27, 1717 â€“ August 29, 1799), Pope from 1775 to 1799, was born at Cesena. ... Pius VII, O.S.B., born Barnaba NicolÃ² Maria Luigi Chiaramonti (August 14, 1740 â€“ August 20, 1823), was Pope from March 14, 1800 to August 20, 1823. ... Pope Leo XII (August 22, 1760 â€“ February 10, 1829), born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829. ... Pope Pius VIII (November 20, 1761 â€“ December 1, 1830), born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni, was Pope from 1829 to 1830. ... Pope Gregory XVI (September 18, 1765 â€“ June 1, 1846), born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846. ... Pius IX, born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti (May 13, 1792 â€“ February 7, 1878), was Pope for a record pontificate (not counting the Apostle St. ... Pope Leo XIII, born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci (March 2, 1810 â€“ July 20, 1903), was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, having succeeded Pope Pius IX (1846â€“78) on February 20, 1878 and reigning until his death in 1903. ... Pope Saint Pius X ( Latin: ) (June 2, 1835 â€” August 20, 1914), born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was Pope from 1903 to 1914, succeeding Pope Leo XIII (1878â€“1903). ... Benedict XV (Latin: ), born Giacomo della Chiesa (November 21, 1854 â€“ January 22, 1922), reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from September 3, 1914 to January 22, 1922; he succeeded Pope Pius X (1903â€“14). ... Pope Pius XI (Latin: ) (May 31, 1857 â€“ February 10, 1939), born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, reigned as Pope from February 6, 1922 and sovereign of Vatican City from 1929 until his death on February 10, 1939. ... Pope Pius XII (Latin: ), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (March 2, 1876 â€“ October 9, 1958), reigned as the 260th pope, the head of the Roman Catholic Church, and sovereign of Vatican City State from March 2, 1939 until his death. ... Blessed Pope John XXIII (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 â€“ June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), (Italian: Paolo VI), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 â€“ August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... Pope John Paul I (in Latin ), born Albino Luciani (October 17, 1912 â€“ September 28, 1978), reigned as pope and as sovereign of Vatican City from August 26, 1978 to September 28, 1978. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: ), (Italian: Giovanni Paolo II), born (May 18, 1920 â€“ April 2, 2005) reigned as Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from October... Papal Arms of Pope Benedict XVI. The papal tiara was replaced with a bishops mitre, and pallium of the Pope was added beneath the coat of arms. ...

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Early life GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");