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Encyclopedia > Pope Gelasius I
Gelasius I
Birth name Gelasius
Papacy began 492
Papacy ended November 19, 496
Predecessor Felix III
Successor Anastasius II
Born ??
Kabylia, Roman Africa
Died November 19, 496
Rome, Italy
Other popes named Gelasius
Styles of
Pope Gelasius I
Reference style His Holiness
Spoken style Your Holiness
Religious style Holy Father
Posthumous style Saint

Pope Gelasius I was the third pope of African origin (more exactly from Kabylie) in Catholic history. Gelasius had been closely employed by his predecessor, Felix III, especially in drafting papal documents. Events Pope Gelasius I succeeds Pope Felix III Longinus, brother of the deceased Eastern Roman emperor Zeno I, revolts against Anastasius I in Isauria. ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Battle of Tolbiac; Clovis I defeats the Alamanni accepts Catholic baptism at Reims. ... Felix III was pope from March 13, 483 to 492. ... Anastasius II (died November 16, 498) was pope from November 24, 496 to his death. ... This page has been deleted, and should not be re-created without a good reason. ... This article focuses on the geographical area of Kabylie and its people. ... Categories: Historical stubs | Ancient Roman provinces ... is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Battle of Tolbiac; Clovis I defeats the Alamanni accepts Catholic baptism at Reims. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Pope Gelasius can refer to: Pope Gelasius I Pope Gelasius II This is a disambiguation page — a list of articles associated with the same title. ... Image File history File links Emblem_of_the_Papacy. ... A style of office, or honorific, is a form of address which by tradition or law precedes a reference to a person who holds a title or post, or to the political office itself. ... In traditional Christian iconography, Saints are often depicted as having halos. ... An African pope would presumably be a pope of African birth, or heritage. ... Kabyle anthem Location of Kabylia. ...

Contents

Struggle with the Anastasius I and Acacius

Gelasius' election, March 1, 492, was a gesture for continuity: Gelasius inherited Felix's struggles with Eastern Roman Emperor Anastasius I and the patriarch of Constantinople and exacerbated them by insisting on the removal of the name of the late Acacius, patriarch of Constantinople, from the diptychs, in spite of every ecumenical gesture by the current, otherwise quite orthodox patriarch Euphemius (q.v. for details of the Acacian schism). is the 60th day of the year (61st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of Byzantine Emperors. ... Flavius Anastasius. ... The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, ranking as the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox communion. ... Acacius (died 489) was the patriarch of Constantinople from 471 to 489. ... Ivory consular diptych of Areobindus, Byzantium, 506 AD, Louvre museum A diptych is any object with two flat plates attached at a hinge. ... Euphemius of Constantinople (died 515) was patriarch of Constantinople (490 - 496). ... Acacius (died 489) was the patriarch of Constantinople from 471 to 489. ...


The split with the emperor and the patriarch of Constantinople was inevitable, from the western point of view, because they had embraced a view of a single, Divine ('Monophysite') nature of Christ, which the papal party viewed as heresy. Gelasius' book De duabus in Christo naturis ('On the dual nature of Christ') delineated the western view. Monophysitism (from the Greek monos meaning one and physis meaning nature) is the christological position that Christ has only one nature, as opposed to the Chalcedonian position which holds that Christ has two natures, one divine and one human. ... This article is about Jesus of Nazareth. ... Look up Heresy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...


Thus Gelasius, for all the conservative Latinity of his writing style stood on the cusp of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages.[1] Late Antiquity is a rough periodization (c. ... Justinians wife Theodora and her retinue, in a 6th century mosaic from the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna. ...


Powers of Church and State

During the Acacian schism, Gelasius went further than his predecessors in asserting the primacy of Rome over the entire Church, East and West, and he presented this doctrine in terms that set the model for subsequent popes asserting the claims of papal supremacy. Referring to the doctrine of Papal Supremacy the Catechism of the Catholic Church notes in paragraph 882, “the Roman Pontiff, by reason of his office as Vicar of Christ, and as pastor of the entire Church has full, supreme, and universal power over the whole Church, a power which he...


In 494, Gelasius wrote a very influential letter, known from its incipit as Duo sunt, to Anastasius[2]. This letter established the dualistic principle that would underlie all Western European political thought for almost a millennium. In the letter Gelasius expressed a distinction between "two powers", which he called the "holy authority of bishops" (auctoritas sacrata pontificum) and the "royal power" (regalis potestas). These two powers, auctoritas lending justification to potestas, and potestas providing the executive strength for auctoritas were, he said, to be considered independent in their own spheres of operation, yet expected to work together in harmony. Events Pope Gelasius I delineates the relationship between church and state. ... The incipit of a text, such as a poem, song, or book, is its first few words or opening line. ... A millennium (pl. ...


Suppression of pagan rites and heretics

Closer to home, Gelasius finally suppressed the ancient Roman festival of the Lupercalia after a long contest. Gelasius' letter to Andromachus, the senator, covers the main lines of the controversy and incidentally offers some details of this festival combining fertility and purification that might have been lost otherwise. Significantly, this festival of purification, which had given its name— dies februatus, from februare, "to purify"— to the month of February, was replaced with a Christian festival celebrating the purification of the Virgin Mary instead: Candlemas, observed forty days after Christmas, on 2 February. The Lupercalia was an annual very ancient, possibly pre-Roman pastoral festival, held on February 15 to honour Faunus, god of fertility and forests. ... Andromachus (in Greek AνδρoμαχoÏ‚; lived 3rd century BC) was son of Achaeus and a grandson of Seleucus Nicator, the founder of the Seleucid Empire. ... Fertility is the natural capability of giving life. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub | Chemistry ... Saint Mary and Saint Mary the Virgin both redirect here. ... Candlemas (Russian: Sretenie, Spanish: Candelaria) is a Christian feast commemorating the purification of the Virgin Mary and the presentation of the infant Jesus in the Temple. ...


Gelasius smoked out the closeted Manichaeans, the heretical dualists who considered themselves Christians and certainly passed for such and were suspected to be present in Rome in large numbers. Gelasius decreed that the Eucharist had to be received "under both kinds", with wine as well as bread. As the Manichaeans held wine to be impure and essentially sinful, they would refuse the chalice and thus be recognized. Later, with the Manichaeans suppressed, the old method of receiving communion under one kind - the bread - was restored. Manichaeism was one of the major ancient religions. ... For other uses, see Eucharist (disambiguation). ...


Death

After a brief but dynamic reign, his death occurred on November 19, 496; his interment occurred on November 21. is the 323rd day of the year (324th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...


Gelasius natione Afer

Some have asserted that Gelasius was a black African by descent, because the Liber Pontificalis plainly states that he was natione Afer ('African by birthright'). Gelasius' own statement in a letter that he is Romanus natus (Roman-born) is certainly not inconsistent.[3] However, his being of African heritage does not prove that he was a black African, as at the time most natives of that continent's Mediterranean shores were not black. No visual representation of Gelasius, or description of his skin color, survives to settle the issue. The Book of the Popes or the Liber Pontificalis is a major source for early medieval history but was also met with intense critical scrutiny. ... There have been three African popes of the Roman Catholic Church. ...


Writings

Gelasius was the most prolific writer of the early popes. A great mass of correspondence of Gelasius has survived: forty-two letters according to the Catholic Encyclopedia, thirty-seven according to Father Bagan[4] and fragments of forty-nine others, carefully archived in the Vatican, ceaselessly expounding to Eastern bishops the primacy of the see of Rome. There are extant besides six treatises that carry the name of Gelasius. According to Cassiodorus, the reputation of Gelasius attracted to his name other works not by him. Wiktionary has a definition of: Primacy Primacy is the state or condition of being prime or first, as in time, place, rank, etc. ... Cassiodorus at his Vivarium library ( in Codex Amiatinus, 8th century). ...


Decretum Gelasianum

The most famous of pseudo-Gelasian works is the list de libris recipiendis et non recipiendis ("books to be received and not to be received"), the so-called Decretum Gelasianum, supposed to be connected to the pressures for orthodoxy during the pontificate of Gelasius and intended to be read as a decretal by Gelasius on the canonical and apocryphal books, which internal evidence reveals to be of later date. Thus the fixing of the canon of scripture has traditionally been attributed to Gelasius[5] and a non-historical Roman synod of 494 has been invented as the supposed occasion. The so-called Decretum Gelasianum or Gelasian Decree was traditionally attributed to the prolific Pope Gelasius I, bishop of Rome 492 – 496. ... A Biblical canon is an exclusive list of books written during the formative period of the Jewish or Christian faiths; the leaders of these communities believed these books to be inspired by God or to express the authoritative history of the relationship between God and his people (although there may... Events Pope Gelasius I delineates the relationship between church and state. ...


The "Gelasian Sacramentary"

Main article: Gelasian Sacramentary

In the Catholic tradition, the so-called "Gelasian Sacramentary", actually the Liber sacramentorum Romanae ecclesiae ("Book of Sacraments of the Church of Rome") is a book of liturgy that was acually composed in Merovingian times. An old tradition linked the book to Pope Gelasius, apparently based on Walafrid Strabo's ascription to him of what is evidently this book. Most of its liturgy reflects the mix of Roman and Gallican practice inherited from the Merovingian church. In the Catholic tradition, the so-called Gelasian Sacramentary is a book of liturgy, containing the priests part in celebrating the Eucharist. ... There are other articles with similar names; see Merovingian (disambiguation). ... Walafrid (also Walahfrid), surnamed Strabo (or Strabus, i. ...


Notes

  1. ^ The title of his biography by Walter Ullmann expresses this:Gelasius I. (492-496): Das Papsttum an der Wende der Spätantike zum Mittelalter (Stuttgart) 1981.
  2. ^ [1]
  3. ^ [2]
  4. ^ Rev. Philip V. Bagan, The Syntax of the Letters of Pope Gelasius I (Catholic University Press) 1945.
  5. ^ [3]

References

The main source for the life of Gelasius, aside from Liber Pontificalis, is a vita written by Cassiodorus' pupil Dionysius Exiguus. The Book of the Popes or the Liber Pontificalis is a major source for early medieval history but was also met with intense critical scrutiny. ... Vita or VITA can refer to any of a number of things: Vita (Latin for life) can also refer to a brief biography, often that of a saint (i. ... Dionysius Exiguus (Dennis the Little, meaning humble) (c. ...

  • Catholic Encyclopedia, 1908.
  • Norman F. Cantor, Civilization of the Middle Ages.

External Links

  • Duo sunt: introduction and text in English
Preceded by
Felix III		 Pope
492—November 19, 496		 Succeeded by
Anastasius II

  Results from FactBites:
 
Pope Gelasius II - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (412 words)
January 29, 1119), pope from January 24, 1118 to January 29, 1119, was born at Gaeta of an illustrious family.
Shortly after his unanimous election to succeed Pope Paschal II he was seized by Cencius Frangipanè, a partisan of the emperor Henry V, but freed by a general uprising of the Romans on his behalf.
Gelasius fled to Gaeta, where he was ordained priest on the 9th of March and on the following day received episcopal consecration.
  More results at FactBites »


 

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