Innocent VII
Birth name	Cosimo de' Migliorati
Papacy began	October 17, 1404
Papacy ended	November 6, 1406
Predecessor	Boniface IX
Successor	Gregory XII
Born	ca. 1336 Sulmona, Italy
Died	November 6, 1406 Rome, Italy
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Innocent VII, né Cosimo de' Migliorati (ca. 1336 – November 6, 1406) was briefly Pope at Rome, from 1404 to his death, during the Western Schism (1378–1417) while there was a rival Pope, antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423), at Avignon. Image File history File links H.H. Pope Innocent VII File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 – October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 – until October 1, 1404). ... Gregory XII, né Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404–06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423... Events End of the Kemmu restoration and beginning of the Muromachi period in Japan. ... Sulmona, a city and comune of the province of LAquila in the Abruzzo, Italy, 42°02 13°56E, with 25,276 inhabitants according to official 2003 census figures. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Left-Wing Democrats) Area  - City Proper  1285 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2. ... Events End of the Kemmu restoration and beginning of the Muromachi period in Japan. ... November 6 is the 310th day of the year (311th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 55 days remaining. ... Events Construction of Forbidden City begins in Beijing. ... The Pope (from Greek: pappas, father; from Latin: papa, Papa, father) is the successor of St. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Historical map of the Western Schism The Western Schism or Papal Schism (Also known as the Great Schism of Western Christianity) was a split within the Catholic Church in 1378. ... Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. ... // Events Roger Mortimer, 4th Earl of March, travels with King Richard II of England to Ireland. ... Events July 31 - Hundred Years War: Battle of Cravant - The French army is defeated at Cravant on the banks of the river Yonne. ... The Papal palace in Avignon In the history of the Roman Catholic Church, the Avignon Papacy was the period from 1305 to 1378 during which the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, lived in Avignon (now a part of France) rather than in Rome. ...

Migliorati was born to a simple family of Sulmona in the Abruzzi. He distinguished himself by his learning in both civil and canon law, which he taught for a time at Perugia and Padua. His teacher Lignano sponsored him at Rome, where Pope Urban VI (1378–89) took him into the Curia, sent him for ten years as papal collector to England, made him bishop of Bologna in 1386 and archbishop of Ravenna in 1387. Sulmona, a city and comune of the province of LAquila in the Abruzzo, Italy, 42°02 13°56E, with 25,276 inhabitants according to official 2003 census figures. ... Categories: Regions of Italy | Abruzzo ... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ... Perugia is the capital city in the region of Umbria in central Italy, near the Tiber river, and the capital of the province of Perugia. ... Location within Italy Tronco Maestro Riviera: a pedestrian walk along a section of the inland waterway or naviglio interno of Padua The city of Padua (Lat. ... Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano (Naples 1318 – Rome October 15, 1389), Pope from 1378 to 1389, was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. ... A Curia in early Roman times was a subdivision of the people, i. ... Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location within the British Isles Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population – Total (mid-2004) – Total (2001 Census) – Density Ranked 1st UK... A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ... Bologna (from Latin Bononia, BulÃ¥ggna in the local dialect) is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna in northern Italy, between the Po River and the Apennines. ... Events Battle of Sempach: Swiss safeguard independence from Habsburg rule End of reign of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated bishop. ... Ravenna is a city in the Emilia-Romagna region of Italy. ... Events June 2 - John Holland, a maternal half-brother of Richard II of England, is created Earl of Huntingdon. ...

Pope Boniface IX (1389–1404) made him cardinal, and employed him as legate in several delicate and important missions. When Boniface IX died, there were present in Rome delegates from the rival Pope at Avignon, Benedict XIII. The Roman cardinals asked these delegates if their master would abdicate, if the cardinals refrained from holding an election. When they were bluntly told that Benedict XIII would never abdicate (indeed he never did), the cardinals proceeded to an election. First, however, they all undertook a solemn oath to leave nothing undone, if needs be even to lay down the tiara, in order to terminate the schism. Boniface IX, né Piero Tomacelli (1356 – October 1, 1404), was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389 – until October 1, 1404). ... A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official in the Roman Catholic Church, ranking just below the Pope and appointed by him as a member of the College of Cardinals during a consistory. ... The Papal Tiara, also known as the Triple Tiara, in Latin as the Triregnum, or in Italian as the Triregno, is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown of Byzantine and Persian origin that is the symbol of the papacy. ...

Migliorati was unanimously chosen – by eight cardinals – (October 17, 1404) and took the name of Innocent VII. There was a general riot by the Ghibelline party in Rome when news of his election got out, but peace was maintained by the aid of King Ladislaus of Naples (1399–1414), who hastened to Rome with a band of soldiers to assist the Pope in suppressing the insurrection. For his services the King extorted various concessions from Innocent VII, among them the promise that he would not reach any accommodation with the rival Pope in Avignon that would compromise Ladislas' claims to Naples, which had been challenged until very recently by Louis II of Anjou. That suited Innocent VII, who had no intention of reaching an agreement with Avignon that would compromise his claims to the Papal States, either. Thus Innocent VII was laid under embarrassing obligations, from which he freed himself at the earliest possible moment. October 17 is the 290th (in leap years the 291st) day of the year according to the Gregorian calendar. ... The Guelphs and Ghibellines were factions supporting, respectively, the Papacy and the Holy Roman Empire in Italy during the 12th century and 13th century. ... King Ladislas of Naples, titular king of Jerusalem (February 11, 1377-August 6, 1414) was of the Angevin line, and was called The Magnanimous. Son of Charles III, he was the King of Naples from the age of nine (1386) under his mothers regency. ... The Angevin French prince, Louis II of Anjou (1377 - 1417) was the rival of Ladislas as king of Naples. ... The Papal States (Gli Stati della Chiesa or Stati Pontificii, States of the Church) was one of the major historical states of Italy before the boot-shaped peninsula was unified under the Piedmontese crown of Savoy (later a republic). ...

Innocent VII had made the great mistake of elevating his highly unsuitable nephew, Ludovico Migliorati – a colorful condottiere formerly in the pay of Giangaleazzo Visconti of Milan, most of whose violent career as a soldier of fortune lay ahead of him – to the cardinalate, an act of nepotism that cost him dearly. In August 1405, the cardinal waylaid eleven members of the obstreperous Roman partisans on their return from a conference with the Pope, and had them assassinated in his own house and their bodies thrown from the windows of the hospital of Santo Spirito into the street. There was an uproar. Pope, court and cardinals, with the Migliorati faction, fled towards Viterbo. Ludovico took the occasion of driving off cattle that were grazing outside the walls, and the Papal party were pursued by furious Romans, losing thirty members, whose bodies were abandoned in the flight, including the Abbot of Perugia, struck down under the eyes of the Pope. Condottieri were mercenary leaders employed by Italian city-states from the late Middle Ages until the mid-fifteenth century. ... Giangaleazzo Visconti (1351-1406) was the first Duke of Milan and he ruled the city for much of the early Renaissance. ... MILAN Type anti-tank Nationality joint France/German Era Cold War, modern Launch platform Individual, Vehicle Target Vehicle, Fortification History Builder MBDA, Bharat Dynamics (under license) Date of design 70s Production period since 1972 Service duration since 1972 Operators 41 countries Variants MILAN 1, MILAN 2, MILAN 2T, MILAN 3... Events May 29 - Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, meets Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Earl of Norfolk Thomas Mowbray in Shipton Moor, tricks them to send their rebellious army home and then imprisons them June 8 - Archbishop Richard Scrope of York and Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Norfolk, executed in... This article needs copyediting (checking for proper English spelling, grammar, usage, tone, style, and voice). ...

His protector Ladislaus sent a squad of troops to quell the riots, and by January 1406 the Romans once again acknowledged Papal temporal authority, and Innocent VII felt able to return. (In March, Innocent VII made Ludovico a marchese and conte di Fermo.) But Ladislas, not content with the former concessions, desired to extend his authority in Rome and the Papal States. To attain his end he aided the Ghibelline faction in Rome in their revolutionary attempts in 1405. But a squad of troops which King Ladislaus had sent to the aid of the Colonna faction was still occupying the Castle of Sant' Angelo, ostensibly protecting the Vatican but making frequent sorties upon Rome and the neighbouring territory. Only after Ladislaus was excommunicated did he yield to the demands of the Pope and withdraw his troops. A Marquess is a nobleman of hereditary rank in Europe and Japan. ... Conte is a title of Italian nobility. ... Fermo (ancient: Firmum Picenum) is a town and archiepiscopal see of the Marche, Italy, in the province of Ascoli Piceno, on a hill with a fine view, 1046 ft. ... The Colonna family was a powerful noble family in medieval and renaissance Rome, supplying one pope and many other leaders, and fighting with their rivals the Orsini family for influence. ... Castel SantAngelo Castel SantAngelo from the bridge. ... Excommunication is religious censure which is used to deprive or suspend membership in a religious community. ...

Shortly after his accession in 1404 Innocent VII took steps to keep his oath by proclaiming a council. These troubles furnished him with a pretext, of which he was not unwilling to avail himself, for postponing the meeting, which was being urged by Charles VI of France (1380–1422), theologians at the University of Paris, like Pierre d'Ailly and Jean Gerson, who were developing the theory that popes were subject to councils, and Rupert III (1400–10), King of the Germans, as the only means of healing the Schism which had prevailed so long. Under the current circumstances, Innocent VII could not guarantee safe passage to Benedict XIII in the event he came to the council in Rome. His rival, antipope Benedict XIII, made it appear that the only obstacle to the termination of the Western Schism was the unwillingness of Innocent VII. It is hardly necessary to say that he showed no favour to the proposal that he as well as Benedict XIII should resign in the interests of peace. Charles VI the Well-Beloved, later known as the Mad (French: Charles VI le Bien-Aimé, later known as le Fol) (December 3, 1368 – October 21, 1422) was a King of France (1380 – 1422) and a member of the Valois Dynasty. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: Université de Paris) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganized as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... Pierre dAilly (1350 - 1420) was a French theologian and cardinal of the Catholic Church. ... Jean de Gerson Jean Charlier de Gerson (December 14, 1363 – July 12, 1429), French scholar and divine, chancellor of the university of Paris, a guiding light of the conciliar movement and the one of most the prominent theologians at the Council of Constance, was born at the village of Gerson... Rupert of the house of Wittelsbach (1352 - 1410) succeeded his father Rupert II as Rupert III, Count Palatine of the Rhine (see Palatinate) and one of the foremost rulers in western Germany in 1398. ... Antipope Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna, (b. ...

It is said that Innocent VII planned the restoration of the Roman University, but his death brought an end to such talk.

He died so suddenly at Rome, November 6, 1406, that there were rumors of foul play, which have been denied ever since: there is no evidence for the truth of the allegation that his death was not due to natural causes. His successor was Pope Gregory XII (1406–15). Gregory XII, né Angelo Correr or Corraro (died October 18, 1417), Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII (1404–06) on November 30, 1406, having been chosen at Rome by a conclave consisting of only fifteen cardinals, under the express condition that, should antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423...

See also: list of Popes named Innocent There have been thirteen popes named Innocent. ...