The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين, al-Jabhah al-Sha`biyyah li-Tahrīr Filastīn) is a Marxist-Leninist, secular nationalist Palestinian political and military organization, founded in 1967. It has consistently been the second-largest of the groups forming the Palestinian Liberation Organization (the largest being Fatah). It has generally taken a hard line on Palestinian national aspirations, opposing the more moderate stance of Fatah. It opposed the Oslo Accords and was for a long time opposed to the idea of a two-state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, but in 1999 came to an agreement with the PLO leadership regarding negotiations with Israel. It has been designated as a terrorist organization by the United States, the European Union[1], Canada [2], and Israel. The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة العامة) is a left-wing Palestinian nationalist organization, backed by Syria. ... Ahmad Saadat (also transliterated from Arabic as Ahmed Sadat/Saadat, Arabic: احمد سعدات) is a Palestinian politician, and Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... Ramallah (Arabic:  ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank of approximately 57,000 residents. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... Palestinian nationalism is a nationalist ideology which calls for the creation of a Palestinian state in all or part of the former British Mandate of Palestine. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism is a political and economic theory which builds upon Marxism; it is a branch of Marxism (and it has been the dominant branch of Marxism in the world since the 1920s). ... This article concerns secularity, that is, being secular, in various senses. ... Eugène Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... The term Palestinian has other usages, for which see definitions of Palestinian. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic Munazzamat al-Tahrir Filastiniyyah منظمة تحرير فلسطينية ) is a political and paramilitary organization of Palestinian Arabs dedicated to the establishment of an independent Palestinian state to consist of the... Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, that both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land...

History of the PFLP

The President of the Palestinian National Authority is the highest-ranking political position (equivalent to head of state) in the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). ... Mahmoud Abbas (Arabic: محمود عباس) (born March 26, 1935), commonly known by the kunya or nom de guerre Abu Mazen (ابو مازن), was elected President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) on January 9, 2005, and took office on January 15, 2005. ... The Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority is the head of government of the Palestinian government. ... Ismail Haniya (more frequently Haniyeh) (born 1963) (Arabic: إسماعيل هنية) is the Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority. ... This is the list of members of the Palestine cabinet that was formed by Ismail Haniya on March 17, 2007. ... The Palestinian Legislative Council, (sometimes referred to to as the Palestinan Parliament) the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 88 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza. ... The Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council is the chairman of the Palestinian Legislative Council. ... Abdel Aziz Duwaik is a member of Hamas and the new Speaker of the Palestinian Legislative Council and member from the West Bank. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Elections in the Palestinian National Authority gives information on election and election results in the PNA. Palestine elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. ... On January 20, 1996, elections took place in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem for President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and for members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislative arm of the PNA. The 1996 elections took place in a moment of optimism in... The 2005 Palestinian presidential election — the first to be held since 1996 — took place on January 9, 2005 in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. ... On January 20, 1996, elections took place in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem for President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and for members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislative arm of the PNA. The 1996 elections took place in a moment of optimism in... Wikinews has news related to this article: Hamas wins Palestinian election On January 25, 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). ... Map showing governorates and areas of formal Palestinian control (green) After the signing of the Oslo Accords, the Palestinian territories were divided into three areas and 16 governorates under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian National Authority. ... The 16 Governorates of the West Bank and Gaza Strip are divided into 16 electoral districts (Aqdya, singular - qadaa). ... The Palestinian Declaration of Independence, led to Palestines recognition by 93 countries and to the renaming of the PLO mission in the UN to Palestine. After the formation of the Palestinian Authority, many countries exchanged embassies and delegations with it. ... Israel, with the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Golan Heights The Israeli-Palestinian conflict, which is often claimed to be at the heart of the Arab-Israeli conflict, is an ongoing dispute between two peoples, Jewish Israelis and Arab Palestinians, that both claim the right to sovereignty over the Land... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... Combatants Hamas Fatah Strength 10,000 (mostly in Gaza)[1] 60,000 (mostly in the W. Bank)[2] Casualties 39 killed 74 killed 29 civilians killed 354 wounded on both sides (at least) The Palestinian factional violence began after the ruling Hamas party accused Fatah of trying to kill the... ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ...

Origins in the ANM

The PFLP grew out of the Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab, or Arab Nationalist Movement (ANM), founded in 1953 by Dr. George Habash, a Palestinian Christian, from Lydda/Lod in Palestine. The family had been forced into exile after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The 22-year-old Habash went to Lebanon to study medicine at the American University in Beirut, graduating in 1951. The Arab Nationalist Movement (Harakat al-Qawmiyyin al-Arab), also known as the Movement of Arab Nationalists and the Harakiyyin, was a pan-Arab nationalist organization influential in much of the Arab world, most famously so within the Palestinian movement. ... George Habash (Arabic جورج حبش) (born August 2, 1926 in Lod), sometimes known by his nom de guerre Al-Hakim, الحكيم, meaning the doctor, is a Palestinian politician, formerly a militant, and the founder and former Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ... Lod (Hebrew לוד; Arabic اللد al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד Lōḏ) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... Combatants  Israel Egypt, Syria, Transjordan,  Lebanon, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Holy War Army, Arab Liberation Army Commanders Yaakov Dori, Yigael Yadin Glubb Pasha, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni, Hasan Salama, Fawzi Al-Qawuqji Strength  Israel: 29,677 initially rising to 115,000 by March 1949 Egypt: 10,000 initially rising... The American University of Beirut (AUB) is a private, independent, non-sectarian university founded in 1866 in Beirut, Lebanon. ...

In an interview with American journalist John Cooley, Habash identified the Arab defeat by Israel as "the scientific society of Israel as against our own backwardness in the Arab world. This called for the total rebuilding of Arab society into a twentieth-century society," (Cooley 1973:135). John K. Cooley John K. Cooley is an American journalist and author who specializes in terrorism and the Middle East. ...

The ANM was founded in this nationalist spirit. "[W]e held the 'Guevara view' of the 'revolutionary human being'," Habash told Cooley. "A new breed of man had to emerge, among the Arabs as everywhere else. This meant applying everything in human power to the realization of a cause." (ibid.) Ernesto Guevara de la Serna (June 14,[1] 1928 – October 9, 1967), commonly known as Che Guevara or El Che, was an Argentine-born Marxist revolutionary, medic, political figure, and leader of Cuban and internationalist guerrillas. ... The storming of the Bastille, 14 July 1789 during the French Revolution. ...

Formation of the PFLP

The ANM formed underground branches in several Arab countries, including Libya, Saudi Arabia and Kuwait, then still under British rule. It adopted secularism and socialist economic ideas, and pushed for armed struggle. In collaboration with the Palestinian Liberation Army, the ANM established Abtal al-Audah, Heroes of the Return, as a commando group in 1966. After the Six Day War of June 1967, this group merged in August with two other groups, Youth for Revenge and Ahmed Jibril's Syrian-backed Palestine Liberation Front, to form the PFLP, with Habash as leader. This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Socialism is a social and economic system (or the political philosophy advocating such a system) in which the economic means of production are owned and controlled collectively by the people. ... The Palestinian Liberation Army (PLA) was set up as the military wing of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) in 1964, with the mission of fighting Israel. ... For other uses, see Commando (disambiguation). ... The 1967 Arab-Israeli War, also known as the Six-Day War or June War, was fought between Israel and its Arab neighbors Egypt, Jordan, and Syria. ... Ahmed Jibril Ahmed Jibril (born 1928) is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC), part of the left-wing, secular Palestinian rejectionist front, so-called because they reject proposals for a peaceful settlement with Israel. ... The Palestine Liberation Front (PLF) (جبهة التحرير الفلسطينية) is a militant Palestinian group which is designated by the United States and European Union [1] as a terrorist organization. ...

A PFLP patrol in Jordan, 1969

By early 1968, the PFLP had trained between one and three thousand guerrillas. It had the financial backing of Syria, and was headquartered there, and one of its training camps was based in as-Salt, Jordan. In 1969, the PFLP declared itself a Marxist-Leninist organization, but it has remained faithful to Pan Arabism, seeing the Palestinian struggle as part of a wider uprising against Western imperialism, which also aims to unite the Arab world by overthrowing "reactionary" regimes. It published a newspaper, al-Hadaf (The Target, or Goal), which was edited by Ghassan Kanafani. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2422x1639, 591 KB) Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Look Magazine Photograph Collection. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2422x1639, 591 KB) Credit: Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, Look Magazine Photograph Collection. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Salt (Arabic: As-Salt -- pronounced As Sàlt) is an ancient agricultural town and administrative centre in west-central Jordan. ... It has been suggested that Arab Unification be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of Arab League states in dark green with non-Arab areas in light green and Mauritania, Somalia and Djibouti in striped green due to their Arab League membership but non-Arab population. ... Reactionary (or reactionist) is a political epithet, generally used as a pejorative, originally applied in the context of the French Revolution to counter-revolutionaries who wished to restore the real or imagined conditions of the monarchical Ancien Régime. ... al-Hadaf (Arabic, The Target) is a Palestinian political newspaper. ... Ghassan Kanafani Ghassan Kanafani (غسان كنفاني, born April 9, 1936 in Acre, Palestine - died July 8, 1972 in Beirut, Lebanon) was a Palestinian writer and a spokesman for the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. ...

Breakaway organizations

In 1968, Ahmed Jibril broke away from the PFLP to form the Syrian-backed Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC). Ahmed Jibril Ahmed Jibril (born 1928) is the founder and leader of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (PFLP-GC), part of the left-wing, secular Palestinian rejectionist front, so-called because they reject proposals for a peaceful settlement with Israel. ... The Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine - General Command (الجبهة الشعبية لتحرير فلسطين - القيادة العامة) is a left-wing Palestinian nationalist organization, backed by Syria. ...

In 1969, the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) formed as a separate, ostensibly Maoist, organization under Nayef Hawatmeh and Yasser Abd Rabbo, initially as the PDFLP. The Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP) (Arabic: الجبهة الديموقراطية لتحرير فلسطين, transliterated Al-Jabha al-Dimuqratiya Li-Tahrir Filastin) is a Palestinian Marxist-Leninist political and military organization. ... Maoism or Mao Zedong Thought (Chinese: 毛澤東思想, pinyin: Máo Zédōng Sīxiǎng), also called Marxism-Leninism–Mao Zedong Thought or Marxism-Leninism-Maoism (MLM), is a variant of communism derived from the teachings of Mao Zedong (1893&#8211... Naif Hawatmeh Nayef Hawatmeh (kunya Abu an-Nuf, b. ... Palestinian politician (b. ...

In 1972, the Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine was formed following a split in PFLP. Popular Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Palestine (Arabic: الجبهة الشعبية الثورية لتحرير فلسطين) was a Palestinian militant group. ...

The PFLP had a troubled relationship with George Habash's one-time deputy, Wadie Hadad, who was eventually expelled. There are allegations that he was a Soviet agent, but this is not accepted by everyone.

PLO membership

PFLP tenth anniversary poster (1977)

The PFLP joined the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), the umbrella organization of the Palestinian national movement, in 1968, becoming the second-largest faction after Yassir Arafat's Fatah. In 1974, it withdrew from the organization's executive committee (but not from the PLO) to join the Rejectionist Front, accusing the PLO of abandoning the goal of destroying Israel outright in favor of a binational solution, which was opposed by the PFLP leadership. It rejoined the executive committee in 1981. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) (Arabic: ‎;   or Munazzamat al-Tahrir al-Filastiniyyah) is a political and paramilitary organization regarded by the Arab League since October 1974 as the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people. ... An umbrella organization is an association of (often related, industry-specific) institutions, who work together formally to coordinate activities or pool resources. ... Yasser Arafat Yasser Arafat (August 4 or August 24, 1929 – November 11, 2004), born Muhammad `Abd ar-Rauf al-Qudwa al-Husayni (Arabic محمد عبد الرؤوف القدوة الحسي&#1606... Fatah (Arabic: ); a reverse acronym from the Arabic name Harakat al-Tahrir al-Watani al-Filastini (literally: Palestinian National Liberation Movement) is a major secular Palestinian political party and the largest organization in the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), a generally secular multi-party confederation. ... The Rejectionist Front, official name Front of the Palestinian Forces Rejecting Solutions of Surrender, was a political coalition formed in 1974 by hardline Palestinian factions. ... The binational solution, also known as the One-State Solution, is a proposed resolution of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. ...

After the Oslo Accords

PFLP May Day poster

After the eruption of the First Intifada and the subsequent Oslo Accords the PFLP had difficulty establishing itself in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. The boycott of the 1996 elections gave many the impression that the PFLP was irrelevant to developments inside Palestine. At that time (1993–96) Hamas enjoyed rapidly rising popularity in the wake of their successful strategy of suicide bombings devised by Yahya Ayyash ("the Engineer"). Also, the fall of the Soviet Union together with the rise in the Arab world of Islamism—and particularly the increased popularity of the Islamist groups Hamas and Palestinian Islamic Jihad—disoriented many left activists who looked towards the Soviet Union, and has marginalised the PFLP's role in Palestinian politics and armed resistance. However, the organization retains considerable political influence within PLO, since no new elections have been held within the organization. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x778, 50 KB) Summary PFLP May Day poster from 2005. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (550x778, 50 KB) Summary PFLP May Day poster from 2005. ... May Day is May 1, and refers to any of several holidays celebrated on this day. ... The First Intifada, or Palestinian uprising refers to a series of violent incidents between Palestinians and Israelis between 1987 and approximately 1990. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... On January 20, 1996, elections took place in the West Bank, Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem for President of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA), and for members of the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislative arm of the PNA. The 1996 elections took place in a moment of optimism in... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Islamist organization that currently (since January 2006) forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... Yahya Ayyash (يحيى عياش; March 6, 1966 - January 5, 1996) was a member and chief bombmaker of the Hamas organization. ... Political Ideologies Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This article is about political Islamism. ... The emblem of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad shows a map of the land they claim as Palestine (roughly, present-day Israel, the West Bank and the Gaza Strip) superimposed on the images of the Dome of the Rock, two fists and two rifles. ...

As a result of its post-Oslo weakness, the PFLP has been forced to adapt slowly and find partners among politically active, preferably young, Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza, in order to compensate for their dependence on their aging commanders returning from or remaining in exile. The PFLP has therefore formed alliances with other leftist groups formed within the Palestinian Authority, including the Palestinian People's Party, the Popular Resistance Committees of Gaza. The West Bank The Palestinian National Authority (PNA or PA) is a semi-autonomous state institution nominally governing the bulk of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip (which it calls the Palestinian Territories). It was established as a part of Oslo accords between the PLO and Israel. ... The Palestinian Peoples Party (PPP, in Arabic حزب الشعب الفلسطيني Hizb al-Shab al-Filastini), founded in 1982 as the Palestinian Communist Party, is a socialist political party in the Palestinian territories and among the Palestinian diaspora. ... The Popular Resistance Committees (PRC) are a Palestinian militant network which operates in the Gaza Strip and are regarded as terrorist organizations by Israel and the United States. ...

In 1990, the PFLP transformed its Jordan branch into a separate political party, the Jordanian Popular Democratic Unity Party. Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A political party is a political organization that seeks to attain political power within a government, usually by participating in electoral campaigns. ... Jordanian Popular Democratic Unity Party (in Arabic: Hizb al-Wahidah ash-Shaabiah ad-Dimokratia al-Urduni), is a political party in Jordan. ...

Elections in the PNA

Following the death of Yasser Arafat in November 2004, the PFLP entered discussions with the DFLP and the Palestinian People's Party aimed at nominating a joint left-wing candidate for the presidential elections. These discussions were unsuccessful, and the PFLP then decided to support the independent Palestinian National Initiative's candidate Mustafa Barghouti, who gained 19.48% of the vote. In the municipal elections of December 2005 it had more success, e.g. in al-Bireh and Ramallah, and winning the mayorship of Bir Zeit. [3] There is conflicting reports about the political allegiance of Janet Mikhail and Victor Batarseh, the mayors of Ramallah and Bethlehem, they may be close to the PFLP without being members. Not to be confused with Yasir Arafat (cricketer). ... ... Mustafa Barghouti Mustafa Barghouti (also often written Mustafa Barghouthi, Mustafa Al Barghuthi, Dr Barghuthi; born 1954) is a Palestinian democracy activist. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Ramallah (Arabic:  ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank of approximately 57,000 residents. ... Bir Zeit is a Palestinian town on the outskirts of Ramallah in the West Bank. ... Janet Mikhail (b. ... Victor Batarseh (b. ... Central Bethlehem Bethlehem (Arabic بيت لحم   house of meat; Standard Hebrew בית לחם house of bread, Bet léḥem / Bet láḥem; Tiberian Hebrew Bêṯ léḥem / Bêṯ lāḥem; Greek: Βηθλεέμ) is a city in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank under Palestinian Authority considered a central hub of Palestinian cultural and tourism...

The PFLP is powerful politically in the Ramallah area, the eastern districts and suburbs of Jerusalem and Bethlehem, the primarily Christian Refidyeh district of Nablus, but has far less strength in the rest of the West Bank, and is of little or no threat to the established Hamas and Fatah movements in Gaza. For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ...

The PFLP participated in the Palestinian legislative elections of 2006 as the "Martyr Abu Ali Mustafa List". It won 4.2% of the popular vote and took three of the 132 seats in the Palestinian Legislative Council. Its deputies are Ahmad Sa'adat, Jamil Majdalawi, and Khalida Jarrar. In the lists, its best vote was 9.4% in Bethlehem, followed by 6.6% in Ramallah and al-Bireh, and 6.5% in North Gaza. Wikinews has news related to this article: Hamas wins Palestinian election On January 25, 2006, elections were held for the Palestinian Legislative Council (PLC), the legislature of the Palestinian National Authority (PNA). ... The Palestinian Legislative Council, (sometimes referred to to as the Palestinan Parliament) the legislature of the Palestinian Authority, is a unicameral body with 88 members, elected from 16 electoral districts in the West Bank and Gaza. ... Ahmad Saadat (also transliterated from Arabic as Ahmed Sadat/Saadat, Arabic: احمد سعدات) is a Palestinian politician, and Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Khalida Kanan Muhammad Jarrar is a member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine and the Palestinian Legislative Council. ...

Successors to George Habash

Flag of the PFLP

At the PFLP's Sixth National Conference in 2000, Habash stepped down as general secretary. Abu Ali Mustafa was elected to replace him, but was assassinated on August 27, 2001 when an Israeli helicopter fired rockets at his office in the West Bank town of Ramallah. The PFLP shot and killed the far-right Israeli Tourism Minister Rehavam Zeevi in November 17, 2001 in retaliation. Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Abu Ali Mustafa (Arabic:ابو علي مصطفى), dates (1938 to August 27, 2001), the nom de guerre of Mustafa Zibri, was a Palestinian leader and was general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine from July 2000 until he was assassinated by Israeli forces the following year. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors consisting of two or more rotor blades. ... Far right, extreme right, ultra-right, or radical right are terms used to discuss the qualitative or relative position a group or person occupies within a political spectrum. ... Rehavam Zeevi (רחבעם זאבי-גנדי) (June 20, 1926 - October 17, 2001) was an Israeli general, politician and historian who founded the right-wing nationalist Moledet party. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Ahmad Sa'adat was subsequently elected general secretary on October 3, 2001. In January of 2002, he was arrested by the Palestinian Authority under pressure from the United States and the United Kingdom and imprisoned in Jericho prison along with several other PFLP members accused by Israel of involvement in the Zeevi assassination. The Palestinian High Court ordered his release, stating that there were no legal grounds for the imprisonment, but the Palestinian National Authority refused to implement the court's decision. On March 14, 2006, the Israel Defense Forces attacked the prison and, after a 10-hour siege resulting in the death of two people and the wounding of 35, removed Sadat and five other inmates from the Jericho prison, arrested them, and took them to Israel for trial. Ahmad Saadat (also transliterated from Arabic as Ahmed Sadat/Saadat, Arabic: احمد سعدات) is a Palestinian politician, and Secretary-General of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). ... October 3 is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Chicago Police Department arrests a man An arrest is the action of the police, or person acting under the law, to take a person into custody so that they may be forthcoming to answer for the commission of a crime. ... Anthem: Biladi Capital Ramallah and Gaza de facto, as the current location of government institutions. ... For the Lebanese political coalition, see March 14 Alliance. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Israel Defense Forces are part of the Israeli Security Forces. ...

Attitude to the peace process

2006 PFLP election poster in Bethlehem

When it was formed in the late 1960s the PFLP supported the established line of most Palestinian guerrilla fronts and ruled out any negotiated settlement with Israel that would result in two states between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea. Instead, George Habash in particular, and various other leaders in general advocated one state with an Arab identity in which Jews were entitled to live with the same rights as any minority. Depending on the changing attitudes of the organization since then, it is unknown whether Habash intended to include all Jewish residents of Israel, or only those of Middle Eastern/Sephardi descent, as is sometimes stated in PFLP platforms^{[citation needed]}, or only Jews of indigenous Palestinian ancestry. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (748x979, 97 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (748x979, 97 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Central Bethlehem Bethlehem (Arabic بيت لحم   house of meat; Standard Hebrew בית לחם house of bread, Bet léḥem / Bet láḥem; Tiberian Hebrew Bêṯ léḥem / Bêṯ lāḥem; Greek: Βηθλεέμ) is a city in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank under Palestinian Authority considered a central hub of Palestinian cultural and tourism... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The two-state solution is the name for a class of proposed resolutions of the long-running Arab-Israeli conflict now explicitly backed by the Israeli and United States governments. ... Northern part of the Great Rift Valley as seen from space (NASA) The Jordan River Road sign The Jordan River (Hebrew: נהר הירדן nehar hayarden, Arabic: نهر الأردن nahr al-urdun) is a river in Southwest Asia flowing through the Great Rift Valley into the Dead Sea. ... Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predomiantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Maronite, Alawite Islam, Druze, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism An Arab (Arabic: ) is any member of the Semitic group of people whose cultural, linguistic, and in certain cases, ancestral origins trace back to... Sephardim (ספרדי, Standard Hebrew SÉ™fardi, Tiberian Hebrew ardî; plural Sephardim: ספרדים, Standard Hebrew Sfaradim, Tiberian Hebrew ) are a subgroup of Jews, generally defined in contrast to Ashkenazim and/or . ...

The PFLP platform never wavered on key points such as the overthrow of conservative or monarchist Arab states like Morocco and Jordan, the Right of Return of all Palestinian refugees to their homes in pre-1948 Palestine, or the use of the liberation of Palestine as a launching board for achieving Arab unity - reflecting its beginnings in the Pan-Arab ANM. Today, the PFLP is less staunch in its opposition to a negotiated solution than it was in 1987, when the First Intifada broke out, but generally maintains a hardline profile. Its Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades has been active during the Second Intifada, with attacks on soldiers, settlers, both on the Occupied Palestinian Territories and inside Israel proper.^{[citation needed]} “Kingdom” redirects here. ... The term Right of return refers to the principle in international law that members of an ethnic or national group have a right to immigration and naturalization into the country that they, the destination country, or both consider to be that groups homeland, independent of prior personal citizenship in... In the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, a Palestinian refugee is a refugee from Palestine created by the Palestinian Exodus, which Palestinians call the Nakba (Arabic: ‎, meaning disaster or catastrophe). The United Nations definition of a Palestinian refugee is a person whose normal place of residence was Palestine between June 1946 and... The Holy Land or Palestine Showing not only the Old Kingdoms of Judea and Israel but also the 12 Tribes Distinctly, and Confirming Even the Diversity of the Locations of their Ancient Positions and Doing So as the Holy Scriptures Indicate, a geographic map from the studio of Tobiae Conradi... Pan-Arabism is a movement for unification among the Arab peoples and nations of the Middle East. ... A Norwegian soldier (a Corporal, armed with an MP-5) A soldier is a person who has enlisted with, or has been conscripted into, the armed forces of a sovereign country and has undergone training and received equipment to defend that country or its interests. ... A family of Russian settlers in the Caucasus region, ca. ... The term Palestinian territories is used by mainstream Western journalists as a collective name for the West Bank and the Gaza Strip - two disputed territories in Palestine. ...

Membership profile

PFLP martyr poster in Bethlehem

The current PFLP draws its support from urban, usually university educated Palestinians of varying ages who lead a more secular lifestyle and therefore hold liberal beliefs in reference to social issues, and socialist views on economic ones. Whereas Hamas completely dominates the slums of Gaza, Qalqilya, and Hebron, the PFLP has its roots among the urban middle class, often Christians like their founder George Habash who fear Islamisation of the Palestinians and the erasure of the rights of minorities within a Hamas theocracy.^{[citation needed]} Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (614x800, 95 KB) Photo: Soman File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (614x800, 95 KB) Photo: Soman File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from... Central Bethlehem Bethlehem (Arabic بيت لحم   house of meat; Standard Hebrew בית לחם house of bread, Bet léḥem / Bet láḥem; Tiberian Hebrew Bêṯ léḥem / Bêṯ lāḥem; Greek: Βηθλεέμ) is a city in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank under Palestinian Authority considered a central hub of Palestinian cultural and tourism... Qalqīlyah (Arabic قلقيلية; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is an Arab city in the West Bank. ... The Cave of the Patriarchs, also site of the Ibrahimi Mosque. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The PFLP's armed wing, in the West Bank and Gaza, the Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades, draws much of its support from student organizations in universities like Al-Quds (eastern Jerusalem), Bir Zeit (Ramallah area), An-Najah National University (Nablus), and the American University of Jenin. The movement has thousands of active or passive activists in the West Bank, and a few hundred behind bars in Israeli prisons. The Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades (Arabic, katāib abu ‘ali mustafā) is the armed wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... Bir Zeit is a Palestinian town on the outskirts of Ramallah in the West Bank. ... Ramallah (Arabic:  ) is a Palestinian city in the West Bank of approximately 57,000 residents. ... The An-Najah National University An-Najah National University is located in the mountainous region of northern Palestine in and around the city of Nablus. ... Map of the West Bank, with Nablus in the center north. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Armed attacks of the PFLP

PFLP martyr memorial in Qalqiliya

This is a list of armed attacks attributed to the PFLP. It is not complete. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 388 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (960x1280, 388 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Qalqīlyah (Arabic قلقيلية; Standard Hebrew קלקיליה Qalqilya) is an Arab city in the West Bank. ...

Armed attacks before 2000

The PFLP gained notoriety in the late 1960s and early 1970s for a series of armed attacks and aircraft hijackings, including on non-Israeli targets: Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ...

• The hijacking of an El Al flight from Rome to Lod airport in Israel on July 23, 1968. The Western media reported that the flight was targeted because the PFLP believed Israeli general Yitzhak Rabin, who was Israeli ambassador to the US, was on board. Several individuals involved with the hijacking, including Leila Khaled deny this. The plane was diverted to Algiers, where 21 passengers and 11 crew members were held for 39 days, until August 31;
• Gunmen opened fire on an El Al passenger jet in Athens about to take off for New York on December 26, 1968, killing one passenger and wounding two others;
• An attack on El Al passengers jet at Zürich airport on February 18, 1969, killing the co-pilot and wounding the pilot;
• The bombing of a Jerusalem supermarket on February 20, 1969, killing two Israelis and wounding twenty others;
• The hijacking of a TWA flight from Los Angeles to Damascus on August 29, 1969 by a PFLP cell led by Leila Khaled, who became the PFLP's most famous recruit. Two Israeli passengers were held for 44 days;
• Three adult Palestinians and three boys aged 14 and 15 years old threw grenades at the Israeli embassies in The Hague, Bonn and the El Al office in Brussels on the same day, September 9, 1969 with no casualties;
• Attack on a bus containing El Al passengers at Munich airport, killing one passenger and wounding 11 on February 10, 1970;
• The bombing, with a barometric pressure device, of a Swissair flight bound for Israel, killing 47, on February 21, 1970; for details see Swissair Flight 330.
• On September 6, 1970, the PFLP (including Leila Khaled) hijacked four passenger aircraft from Pan Am, TWA and Swissair on flights to New York from Brussels, Frankfurt and Zürich; and on September 9, 1970, hijacked a BOAC flight from Bahrain to London via Beirut. The Pan Am flight was diverted to Cairo; the TWA, Swissair and BOAC flights were diverted to Dawson's Field in Zarqa, Jordan. The TWA, Swissair and BOAC aircraft were subsequently blown up by the PFLP on September 12, in front of the world media, after all passengers had been taken off the planes. The event is significant, as it was cited as a reason to the Black September clashes between Palestinian and Jordanian forces.

Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Downtown area of Lod Lod (Hebrew לוֹד; Arabic اَلْلُدّْ al-Ludd, Greco-Latin Lydda, Tiberian Hebrew לֹד Lōḏ) is a city in the Center District of Israel in Israel. ... July 23 is the 204th day (205th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 161 days remaining. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... For other people named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... Leila Khaled in the 1970s Leila Khaled (Arabic: ‎ ; born April 9, 1944) is a former member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), part of the secular, leftwing Palestinian rejectionist front. ... “Alger” redirects here. ... Athens (Greek: Αθήνα - Athína) is the largest city and capital of Greece, located in the Attica periphery of central Greece. ... NY redirects here. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 361st in leap years. ... 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop Zürich (German: , Zürich German: Züri , French: , in English generally Zurich, Italian: ) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and... February 18 is the 49th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... For other uses, see Jerusalem (disambiguation). ... February 20 is the 51st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... The Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people, of short stature, who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakes region of central Africa. ... Flag Seal Nickname: City of Angels Location Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates , Government State County California Los Angeles County Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa (D) Geographical characteristics Area     City 1,290. ... Damascus ( transliteration: , also commonly known as الشام ash-Shām) is the largest city of Syria and is also the capital. ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Leila Khaled in the 1970s Leila Khaled (Arabic: ‎ ; born April 9, 1944) is a former member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), part of the secular, leftwing Palestinian rejectionist front. ... Coordinates: Country Netherlands Province South Holland Area (2006)  - Municipality 98. ... Bonn is the 19th largest city in Germany, located about 20 kilometres south of Cologne on the river Rhine in the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. ... Nickname: Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 Government  - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area  - Region 162 km²  (62. ... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Munich (German: , pronounced  ; Austro-Bavarian: Minga [1]) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria. ... Swissair (Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) is the former national airline of Switzerland. ... Swissair Flight SR330 was a regularly scheduled flight from Zürich International Airport in Kloten, Switzerland to Tel Aviv, Israel. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Leila Khaled in the 1970s Leila Khaled (Arabic: ‎ ; born April 9, 1944) is a former member of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), part of the secular, leftwing Palestinian rejectionist front. ... Pan American World Airways (Pan Am) was the United States principal international airline from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991, and was credited with many innovations that shaped the international airline industry. ... The Twa, also known as Batwa, are a pygmy people, of short stature, who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of the Great Lakes region of central Africa. ... Swissair (Swiss Air Transport Company Limited) is the former national airline of Switzerland. ... NY redirects here. ... Nickname: Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Coordinates: Country Belgium Region Brussels-Capital Region Founded 979 Founded (Region) June 18, 1989 Government  - Mayor (Municipality) Freddy Thielemans Area  - Region 162 km²  (62. ... For other uses, see Frankfurt (disambiguation). ... View of the inner city with the four main churches visible, and the Albis in the backdrop Zürich (German: , Zürich German: Züri , French: , in English generally Zurich, Italian: ) is the largest city in Switzerland (population: 366,145 in 2004; population of urban area: 1,091,732) and... September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... For other uses, see Beirut (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Egypt: Site of Cairo (top center) Coordinates: Government  - Governor Dr. Abdul Azim Wazir Area  - City 214 km²  (82. ... Main article: Black September in Jordan The Dawsons Field hijacking occurred on September 6, 1970. ... Zarqa (Arabic الزرقاء az-Zarqā, local dialects ez-Zergā or ez-Zera, The Blue One) is a city in Jordan located to the northeast of Amman. ... Combatants PLO Jordan Commanders Yasser Arafat King Hussein Casualties Estimated 5,000 killed This article, Black September in Jordan, describes the events surrounding September, 1970 in Jordan. ...

During the Al-Aqsa Intifada

PFLP graffiti in Bethlehem

The PFLP's Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades has carried out attacks on both civilians and military targets during the Al-Aqsa Intifada. Some of these attacks are: Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 401 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1280x960, 401 KB) Summary Photo: Soman Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine Metadata This file contains additional information, probably... Central Bethlehem Bethlehem (Arabic بيت لحم   house of meat; Standard Hebrew בית לחם house of bread, Bet léḥem / Bet láḥem; Tiberian Hebrew Bêṯ léḥem / Bêṯ lāḥem; Greek: Βηθλεέμ) is a city in the Bethlehem Governorate of the West Bank under Palestinian Authority considered a central hub of Palestinian cultural and tourism... The Abu Ali Mustapha Brigades (Arabic, katāib abu ‘ali mustafā) is the armed wing of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in the Occupied Palestinian Territories (the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem). ... For other uses, see al-Aqsa (disambiguation). ...

• The killing of Meir Lixenberg, councillor and head of security in four settlements, who was shot while travelling in his car in the West Bank on August 27, 2001. PFLP claimed that this was a retaliation for the killing of Abu Ali Mustafa. ^[1]
• The 21 October, 2001 assassination of Israeli Minister for Tourism Rehavam Zeevi, the only Israeli politician to have been assassinated in the current intifada.
• A suicide bombing in a pizzeria in Karnei Shomron, on the West Bank on February 16, 2002, killing three Israeli settlers. ^[1]
• A suicide bombing in Ariel on March 7, 2002, which left wounded but no fatalities.
• A suicide bombing in a Netanya market in Israel, on May 19, 2002, killing three Israelis. This attack was also claimed by Hamas^[1], but the Abu Ali Mustafa Brigades have identified the perpetrator on their website as one of their members[4][5]
• A suicide bombing in the bus station at Geha Junction in Petah Tikva on 25 December, 2003 which killed 4 Israelis. [6]
• A suicide bombing in Bikat Hayerden on May 22 , 2004 , which left no fatalities. [7]
• A suicide bombing in the Carmel Market in Tel Aviv on November 1, 2004 , which killed 3 Israeli civilians. [8]

August 27 is the 239th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (240th in leap years), with 126 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Abu Ali Mustafa (Arabic:ابو علي مصطفى), dates (1938 to August 27, 2001), the nom de guerre of Mustafa Zibri, was a Palestinian leader and was general secretary of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine from July 2000 until he was assassinated by Israeli forces the following year. ... October 21 is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 71 days remaining. ... Rehavam Zeevi (רחבעם זאבי-גנדי) (June 20, 1926 - October 17, 2001) was an Israeli general, politician and historian who founded the right-wing nationalist Moledet party. ... Karnei Shomron (קרני שומרון), meaning the Horns of Samaria is a group of Jewish communities in the western Samaria region (West Bank), east of Kfar Saba. ... February 16 is the 47th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The city of Ariel (Hebrew: ) is an Israeli settlement located north of the Palestinian town of Salfit on the West Bank, in the Biblical region of Samaria near the ancient village of Timnat Serah. ... March 7 is the 66th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (67th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Early morning in Netanya, Israel Netanya (Hebrew: נְתַנְיָה, Standard Hebrew Nətanya) is a city in the Center District of Israel and is the capital of the Sharon plain. ... May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (140th in leap years). ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement; the Arabic acronym means zeal) is a Palestinian Islamist organization that currently (since January 2006) forms the majority party of the Palestinian National Authority. ... The Coat of Arms of Petah-Tikva Petah-Tikva (Hebrew פֶּתַח-תִּקְוָה opening of hope, Standard Hebrew Pétaḥ-Tiqva, also transliterated as Petach Tikva, Petah Tikvah, Petach Tikvah, Petaḥ Tiqwa or Petach Tiqwa) and nicknamed as Mother of Cities, is a city in the west of the Center District of Israel... December 25 is the 359th day of the year (360th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 6 days remaining in the year. ... May 22 is the 142nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (143rd in leap years). ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... November 1 is the 305th day of the year (306th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 60 days remaining. ...

See also

• Arab Socialist Action Party
• List of political parties in the Palestinian National Authority
• Palestinian domestic weapons production

Arab Socialist Action Party (Arabic: ) was a Pan-Arab political party, formed by the rightwing sector of the Arab Nationalist Movement. ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Over the course of the Al-Aqsa Intifada the various pro-Palestinian organizations have built a homemade weapons industry to fight the IDF and launch rocket attacks within Israels borders. ...

External links

• PFLP's official site
• Interview with imprisoned PFLP General Secretary Ahmad Saadat- Fight Back! News, Summer 2003

References

1. ^ ^{a b c} ISRAEL AND THE OCCUPIED TERRITORIES AND THE PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY. Without distinction - attacks on civilians by Palestinian armed groups, Amnesty International, July 11, 2002.

• Green March Black September: The Story of the Palestinian Arabs by John K. Cooley, Frank Cass & Co,. Ltd., London 1973
• 'Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)' from Country Reports on Terrorism, 2004. United States Department of State, April 2005. http://www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/45394.htmhttp://library.nps.navy.mil/home/tgp/pflp.htm, http://library.nps.navy.mil/home/tgp/pflp.htm
• [9], [10], [11] Secret documents regarding 1974 cooperation between the KGB and the PFLP against Israel and arming PFLP - (in Russian) from the Soviet Archives [12] collected by Vladimir Bukovsky