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Population ageing or population aging (see English spelling differences) occurs when the median age of a country or region rises. With the exception of 18 countries termed by the United Nations 'demographic outliers' (see the Ud 2005 Human Development Report) this process is taking place in every country and region across the globe. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...
The differences in the spellings of British English and American English are as follows: Spelling differences between U.S. usage on one side and British and Commonwealth usage on the other are generally more conspicuous than spelling differences within the Commonwealth. ...
UN and U.N. redirect here. ...
Overview
Population ageing is constituted by a shift in the distribution of a country's population towards greater ages. Thus an increase in the population's mean or median age, a decline in the fraction of the population composed of children, or a rise in the fraction of the population that is elderly are all aspects of population ageing. Ageing is a part of the human life cycle. ...
Population ageing is a highly generalized process. It is most advanced in the most highly developed countries. Among the countries currently classified by the United Nations as more developed (with a population of 1.2 billion in 2005), the median age of the population rose from 29.0 in 1950 to 37.3 in 2000, and is forecast to rise to 45.5 by 2050. The corresponding figures for the world as a whole are 23.9 for 1950, 26.8 for 2000, and 37.8 for 2050. In Japan, one of the fastest ageing countries in the world, in 1950 there were 9.3 people under 20 for every person over 65. By 2025 this ratio is forecasted to be 0.59 people under 20 for every person older than 65.[1]
The sources of population ageing lie in two (possibly related) demographic phenomena: rising life expectancy and declining fertility. An increase in longevity raises the average age of the population by raising the number of years that each person is old relative to number of years in which he is young. A decline in fertility increases the average age of the population by changing the balance of people born recently (the young) to people born further in the past (the old). Of these two forces, it is declining fertility that is the dominant contributor to population ageing in the world today.[2]
More specifically, it is the large decline in the total fertility rate over the last half century that is primarily responsible for the population ageing that is taking place in the world’s most developed countries. Because many developing countries are going through faster fertility transitions, they will experience even faster population ageing than the currently developed countries in the future.
Asia and Europe are the two regions where a significant number of countries face severe population ageing in the near future. In these regions within twenty years many countries will face a situation where the largest population cohort will be those over 65 and average age will be approaching 50. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ...
For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...
Most of the developed world (with the notable exception of the United States) now has sub-replacement fertility levels, and population growth now depends largely on immigration together with population momentum which arises from previous large generations now enjoying longer life expectancy. Sub-replacement fertility is a fertility rate that is not high enough to replace an areas population. ...
The effects of an ageing population are considerable. Economically, older people are more likely to be saving money and less likely to be spending it on consumer goods. This leads to lower interest rates and disinflationary or even deflationary pressure. Some economists (Japan) are seeing advantages in this evolution, notably the possibility to go further in automatisation and technological development without the burden of social effects from reducing the wage labour force and unemployment. They emphasise a shift from GDP to Personal well being. It is also a start to reverse the evolution to world overpopulation. In common usage, saving generally means putting money aside, for example, by putting money in the bank or investing in a pension plan. ...
Definitions of consumer goods by Ben Murray New goods acquired by households for their own consumption. ...
An interest rate is the price a borrower pays for the use of money he does not own, and the return a lender receives for deferring his consumption, by lending to the borrower. ...
“Deflation†redirects here. ...
Map of countries by population density (See List of countries by population density. ...
Social welfare systems have also begun to experience problems. Earlier pay-as-you-go pension systems are now almost completely unsustainable due to population ageing and the historical fact that, in some regions like Europe, they are still largely funded by taxes on labour. The largest area of expenditure in many countries is now health care and the cost of health systems will increase dramatically as populations age, a situation which will face many governments with hard choices between higher taxes, a change in tax systems (f.i. from labour to consumption) or a reduced government role in providing health care. A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ...
“Taxes†redirects here. ...
The second largest expenditure of most governments is education and these expenses will tend to fall with an ageing population, although this may be partly offset by the increasing proportion of the young population who continue into tertiary education.
Canada has the highest per capita immigration rate in the world, based largely on the rationale of countering population ageing. However, the economic impact of immigration to Canada can be described as mixed at best, and the C. D. Howe Institute, a conservative think tank, has suggested that immigration can not be used a viable means of countering population ageing.[1] The economic impact of immigration to Canada is a much-debated topic in Canada. ...
The C.D. Howe Institute (French: ) is a Canadian economic and social think tank based in Toronto, Ontario. ...
See also The effects of ageing on a human face Elderly woman Ageing or aging is the process of systems deterioration with time. ...
Map of countries by population — China and India, the only two countries to have a population greater than one billion, together possess more than a third of the worlds population. ...
Life expectancy is the average number of years remaining for a living being (or the average for a class of living beings) of a given age to live. ...
Gerontology is the study of aging. ...
This article is about the measure of remaining life. ...
Life extension refers to an increase in maximum or average lifespan, especially in humans, by slowing down or reversing the processes of aging. ...
Following is a list of topics related to life extension: Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0–9 15 Global Challenges A Accelerated aging disease Cockayne...
Longevity is a term that generally refers to long life or great duration of life.[1] Reflections on longevity have usually gone beyond acknowledging the basic shortness of human life and have included thinking about methods to extend life. ...
Maximum life span is a measure of the maximum number of years a member of a group can be expected to survive. ...
In biology, senescence is the combination of processes of deterioration which follow the period of development of an organism. ...
References - Gavrilov L.A., Heuveline P. Aging of Population. In: Paul Demeny and Geoffrey McNicoll (Eds.) The Encyclopedia of population. New York, Macmillan Reference USA, 2003, vol.1, 32-37.
- United Nations, 2005, Human Development Report 2005, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- United Nations, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision Population Database, Population Division, 2004.
- Weil, David N., “The Economics of Population Aging” in Mark R. Rosenzweig and Oded Stark, eds., Handbook of Population and Family Economics, New York: Elsevier, 1997, 967-1014.
External links - Aging of Population
- CoViVE Consortium Population Ageing in Flanders and Europe
- Population Aging Resources Directory
- Population Aging International News
- David N. Weil. 2006. Population Aging. PDFPDF (59.8 KiB)
- Jill Curnow. 2000. Myths and the fear of an ageing population [2]PDF (65.6 KiB)
- Judith Healy. 2004. The benefits of an ageing population [3]PDF (215 KiB) (link permission and copyright see discussion page)
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