Port Pirie is a city located 224 kilometres north of Adelaide in South Australia. It was founded as a settlement in 1845. The 2006 Census recorded the population at 13,206^[1]. Port Pirie is the site of the world's largest lead smelter, operated by Nyrstar;^[2] it also produces refined silver, zinc, copper and gold. “km” redirects here. ... “Miles” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... This is a list of Local Government Areas of South Australia. ... The Port Pirie Regional Council is a Local Government Area in South Australia, focused on the city of Port Pirie. ... For other uses, see City (disambiguation). ... “km” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... Historic smelter in Florence, Colorado In extractive metallurgy, a smelter is a factory for producing metal by the reduction of ore. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ...

Geography

Location of Port Pirie in South Australia (red)

Port Pirie is located at 33°11′9″S, 138°1′1″E, at an elevation of 4 metres above sea level. It is located approximately 8 km inland, on the Pirie River, which is a tidal saltwater inlet from Spencer Gulf. It is located to the east of Spencer Gulf and is to the west of the Flinders Ranges. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x931, 51 KB) Shows location of w: , South Australia marked in red in the Australian state of w:South Australia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (800x931, 51 KB) Shows location of w: , South Australia marked in red in the Australian state of w:South Australia. ... This article is about the unit of length. ... For considerations of sea level change, in particular rise associated with possible global warming, see sea level rise. ... Spencer Gulf is the westernmost of two large inlets on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. ... Spencer Gulf is the westernmost of two large inlets on the southern coast of Australia, in the state of South Australia, facing the Great Australian Bight. ... Flinders Ranges is a national park in South Australia (Australia), 384 km north of Adelaide. ...

Weather

Port Pirie exists in a semi-arid location, outside Goyder's Line. Port Pirie is surrounded by mallee scrub. Average temperatures vary from 16.4 °C to 31.8 °C. Its average annual rainfall is 345.2 millimetres. A map showing the location of Goyders Line An original map of Goyders Line Goyders Line is an imaginary line across South Australia indicating the edge of the area suitable for agriculture. ...

History

Prior to European settlement, the location that became Port Pirie was occupied by the indigenous tribe of Nukunu. The location was called 'Tarparrie', which is suspected to mean "Muddy Creek". The first European to see the location was Matthew Flinders in 1802 as he explored the Spencer Gulf by boat. The first land discovery by settlers of the location was by the explorer Edward Eyre who explored regions around Port Augusta. John Horrocks also discovered a pass through the Flinders Ranges to the coast, now named Horrock Pass. The Nukunu people are a tribe of indigenous Australians who inhabited the coastal region of South Australia which now contains Port Pirie and Port Lincoln. ... Captain Matthew Flinders RN (16 March 1774 – 19 July 1814) was one of the most successful navigators and cartographers of his age. ... Edward John Eyre (5 August 1815 - 30 November 1901). ... Port Augusta (population 15,250) is a town in South Australia. ... John Horrocks monument at Penwortham, South Australia John Ainsworth Horrocks (22 March 1818 - 23 September 1846) was one of the first settlers in the Clare Valley in 1839. ...

The town was originally called Samuel's Creek after the discovery of Muddy Creek, by Samuel Germein. In 1846, Port Pirie Creek was named by Governor Robe after the John Pirie, the first vessel to navigate the creek, transported sheep from Bowman's Run near Crystal Brook. In 1848 Matthew Smith and Emanuel Solomon bought 85 acres and subdivided it as a township to be known as Port Pirie.

The government town was surveyed in December 1871 by Charles Hope Harris. The thoroughfares and streets were named after the family of George Goyder, Surveyor General of South Australia, with the streets running parallel and at right angles to the river. In 1873 the land of Solomon and Smith was re-surveyed and named Solomontown. On September 28, 1876, Port Pirie was declared a municipality, with a population of 947. Port Pirie was proclaimed a city in 1953, becoming the first provincial city in South Australia. 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... George Woodroffe Goyder (June 24, 1826-November 2, 1898) was an outstanding surveyor in South Australia during the latter half of the nineteenth century. ... 1873 (MDCCCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 271st day of the year (272nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) // January 31 - United States orders all Indigenous peoples in the United States to move onto reservations February 2 - The National League of Professional Baseball Clubs of Major League Baseball is formed. ... Year 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Smelters were built in 1889 and it became the biggest lead smelter in the world by 1934, primarily due to the presence of the Broken Hill Associated Smelters (BHAS). Originally established in 1915, the smelter processed ore from the Broken Hill lead and zinc Year 1889 (MDCCCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Ore (disambiguation). ... Broken Hill Post Office Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area (see City of Broken Hill) in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... General Name, symbol, number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ...

Railways

From 1938 to 1970, Port Pirie had the dubious distinction of being a break-of-gauge railway junction between railways of three different gauges: Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... With railways, a break-of-gauge is where a line of one gauge meets a line of a different gauge. ... This is the top-level page of WikiProject trains Rail tracks Rail transport refers to the land transport of passengers and goods along railways or railroads. ... Categories: Stub ... Sunlight reflects off dual-gauge tracks near Chur, Switzerland Mixed-gauge track and pointwork (4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm) and 3 ft 6 in (1067 mm)) at Odawara in Japan Dual-gauge tram tracks in Katwijk, The Netherlands Dual-gauge or mixed-gauge railway is a special configuration of...

• 3' 6" to Broken Hill.
• 4' 8½" to Kalgoorlie, Western Australia (trans-continental 'Indian Pacific' service).
• 5' 3" to Adelaide.

Between 1960 and 1980, Port Pirie had a bogie exchange between standard and broad gauge tracks. Broken Hill Post Office Broken Hill is an isolated mining city and Local Government Area (see City of Broken Hill) in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia, with a population of 21,000. ... Kalgoorlie is a Western Australian city located about 600 km east of Perth. ... Fresh from the launch of the new Indian Pacific livery on 24th September, NR 28 hauls the Indian Pacific out of Perth (through Maylands) on Wednesday, 28th September 2005. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Bogie exchange is a system for operating railway wagons on two or more gauges to overcome difference in the rail gauge. ...

In 1970, the line from Port Pirie to Broken Hill was converted to standard gauge. The change created new three-gauge stations at Gladstone and Peterborough. In 1982, the line to Adelaide was also converted to standard gauge, and Port Pirie became a single gauge station. Changes to the National railway system made the Port Pirie platform redundant and in 1992 the baggage room was converted to an Art Gallery. In 1994 a major refurbishment was undertaken and the Regional Tourism and Arts Centre was created. It now includes an Art Gallery, an Award winning Tourism centre, a bus terminal, a Training Restaurant housed in an old sleeper car and a model Train track 1 kilometre in length showing the trip from Port Pirie to Broken Hill. Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gladstone is a town in the mid north of South Australia. ... Peterborough is a town in the mid north of South Australia, in wheat country. ... Year 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday (link displays the 1982 Gregorian calendar). ...

The Great Southern Railway trains, The Ghan and the Indian Pacific still stop at Port Pirie, although at a halt in the suburb of Coonamia, some 5 km outside of the centre of the town, which avoids a reversal of direction. There are two services for each train each week in each direction. Transport in Australia is a highly significant part of the infrastructure of the Australian economy, since the distances are large and the country has a relatively low population density. ... Ghan redirects here. ... Fresh from the launch of the new Indian Pacific livery on 24th September, NR 28 hauls the Indian Pacific out of Perth (through Maylands) on Wednesday, 28th September 2005. ...

Great Southern Railway (GSR), owned by Serco Asia Pacific, is a tourism business and rail transport operator in Australia. ... Port Augusta (32°29′ S 137°46′ E, population 15,250) is a town in South Australia. ... East Perth Train Station is a Transperth train station 1. ... Fresh from the launch of the new Indian Pacific livery on 24th September, NR 28 hauls the Indian Pacific out of Perth (through Maylands) on Wednesday, 28th September 2005. ... The Indian Pacific at the Keswick Rail Terminal The Keswick Rail Terminal (, ) is the railway station in Adelaide, South Australia used for interstate and regional passenger trains. ... Central Railway Station (also known as Sydney Terminal) is the largest railway station in Australia. ... Port Augusta (32°29′ S 137°46′ E, population 15,250) is a town in South Australia. ... Port Darwin redirects here. ... Ghan redirects here. ... The Indian Pacific at the Keswick Rail Terminal The Keswick Rail Terminal (, ) is the railway station in Adelaide, South Australia used for interstate and regional passenger trains. ...

Culture and education

Port Pirie is home to the National Trust Historic and Folk Museum and Memorial Park. Every September and October it hosts a popular country music festival.

It has significant Italian & Greek communities.

Port Pirie is the main centre for the Mid North area. Many towns in the area rely on Port Pirie for shopping and employment. It also has many educational institutions such as John Pirie Secondary Schools (years 8-12), St Mark's College (Reception-year 12), many preschools and primary schools, Mid North Christian School (years 8-12) and a TAFE Campus (Adult Education). The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains, but not as far north as the Far North, or outback. ... For the Texas educational association, see Texas Association of Future Educators. ...

The Keith Michell Theatre, within the Northern Festival Centre is named after the actor Keith Michell, who grew up in Warnertown, 5 kilometres from Port Pirie. Keith Michell (born 1 December 1928) is an Australian actor. ...

Industry

The main industries are the smelting of metals, and the operation of silos to hold grain. Electric phosphate smelting furnace in a TVA chemical plant (1942) Chemical reduction, or smelting, is a form of extractive metallurgy. ... Bold text This article is about Storage Silos. ...

Port Pirie's main employer is Nyrstar Limited, which has the world's largest lead smelter in the town.^[2] It has operated since the 1880s. The Stack, which can be seen miles away is 205 metres tall, and is the tallest structure in the state.^{[citation needed]} Zinifex formed a joint venture with Umicore to form Nyrstar, which will own the smelter, and eventually be spun out of the parent companies.^[3][4] The Union Minière du Haut Katanga (UMHK) is a Belgian mining company, once operating in Katanga, in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo (formerly, Congo Free State, from 1908, Belgian Congo, from 1972, Zaire). ...

Flinders Industrial, a new industrial estate, is currently in its second stage and is planned to be home to the new council depot. Plans are to build a sulphuric acid plant here for the benefit of the Nyrstar Smelter. This project is currently shelved and deemed not feasible.

Lead smelters are responsible for several environmental problems, especially raised blood lead levels in some of the town population. The problem is particularly significant in many children who have grown up in the area. There is a government project to address this.^[5] Nyrstar plans to progressively reduce lead in blood levels such that ultimately 95% of all children meet the national goal of 10 micrograms per decilitre. This has been known as the ten by 10 project. Community lead in blood levels in children are now at less than half the level that they were in the mid 1980's. ^[6]

Higher concentrations of lead have been found in the organs of bottlenose dolphins stranded near the lead smelter, compared to dolphins stranded elsewhere in South Australia ^[7]. Health impacts of these high metal concentrations for the dolphins are unknown.

Waterfront development

The PPRC, with the State Government are creating a waterfront which will revitalise the area from the Main Road boat ramp up to the area off Ellen street. Plans are to build parks, bikeways, bistros, A large playground (largely funded by Zinifex) and retail. The development has already started and is estimated to cost nearly $3m.

See also

• Category:People from Port Pirie

References and external links

1. ^ Population 2006 Census Australian Bureau of Statistics
2. ^ ^{a b} Port Pirie Overview. Nyrstar Limited. Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
3. ^ Zinifex and Umicore seek to create the world's leading producer of zinc metal. Zinifex Limited. ASX (2006-12-12). Retrieved on 2006-12-12.
4. ^ "Zinifex, Umicore to combine zinc assets", The Age, 2006-12-12. Retrieved on 2006-12-12. 
5. ^ Pt Pirie Environmental Health Centre. Retrieved on 2006-06-11.
6. ^ Zinifex Port Pirie Strategy. Zinifex Limited. Retrieved on 2007-05-04.
7. ^ Lavery, T.J., Butterfield, N., Kemper, C.M., Reid, R.J., Sanderson, K. 2008. Metals and selenium in the liver and bone of three dolphin species from South Australia, 1988 - 2004. Science of the Total Environment, 390: 77 - 85

• Port Pirie, South Australia reference
• Port Pirie Regional Council
• Port Pirie
• [1]
• [2]

Coordinates: 33°11′9″S, 138°1′1″E Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The Australian Securities Exchange (ASX) is the primary stock exchange in Australia. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 346th day of the year (347th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 162nd day of the year (163rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the song, see South Australia (song). ... The history of South Australia details from the first human activity in the region, estimated at about 20 000 years ago to the current events of the 21st century. ... Flag Ratio: 1:2 The current state flag of South Australia, a state of Australia, was officially adopted in 1904. ... South Australia was the first colony in Australia to build a railway line. ... Grass fire at Willunga. ... The Waterfall Gully waterfall in the Adelaide Foothills The Adelaide Hills are part of the Mount Lofty Ranges, east of the city of Adelaide in the state of South Australia. ... Tanunda is surrounded by vineyards showing Autumn colour. ... The Clare township The Clare Valley is one of Australias oldest and most famous wine regions, and also one of the most scenic, presenting visitors with a series of small intimate valleys and magnificent views Settlers from England, Ireland and Poland first moved into the region during the 1840... Satellite photo of the Eyre Peninsula bushfires, taken on January 11 2005 Eyre Peninsula is a triangular peninsula in South Australia. ... The Fleurieu Peninsula is a picturesque peninsula located south of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia. ... Flinders Ranges is a national park in South Australia (Australia), 384 km north of Adelaide. ... The Limestone Coast is a recently adopted name for the region in the South East of South Australia. ... The Mid North is a region of South Australia, north of the Adelaide Plains, but not as far north as the Far North, or outback. ... For the roadhouse along the Eyre Highway, see Nullarbor, South Australia NASA - Visible Earth, Nullarbor. ... The Riverland is a tourism and wine region in South Australia. ... The Yorke Peninsula is a peninsula located north-west and west of Adelaide in South Australia, Australia, between Spencer Gulf on the west and Gulf St. ... For other uses, see Adelaide (disambiguation). ... Port Augusta (32°29′ S 137°46′ E, population 15,250) is a town in South Australia. ... Mount Gambier is the second most populous city in South Australia after Adelaide, the capital of the State. ... The Murray Bridge that crosses the Murray River Driving across the bridge Murray Bridge () is a city in South Australia about 80 kilometres (50 miles) southeast of Adelaide and 1 hour drive north of Meningie. ... Port Lincoln (postcode 5606) is a city in the Australian state of South Australia. ... Rosetta Head, colloquially known as The Bluff, is one of the popular tourist attractions in the town. ... City Plaza, Hummock Hill in the background Location of Whyalla in South Australia (red) Whyalla (33°02′S 137°34′E) is a city and port located on the east coast of the Eyre Peninsula opposite Port Pirie in South Australia. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...