A Japanese portolan chart of the Indian Ocean, early 17th century

A portolan (derived from the Latin word portus, port) is an early modern European navigation chart, dating from the thirteenth century or later, in manuscript, usually with rhumb lines, shorelines and place names. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 519 pixelsFull resolution (1317 × 855 pixel, file size: 2. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 519 pixelsFull resolution (1317 × 855 pixel, file size: 2. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... A 1976 United States NOAA chart of part of Puerto Rico A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a maritime area and adjacent coastal regions. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... A manuscript (Latin manu scriptus, written by hand), strictly speaking, is any written document that is put down by hand, in contrast to being printed or reproduced some other way. ... Example of pole-to-pole loxodrome In navigation, a rhumb line (or loxodrome) is a line crossing all meridians at the same angle, i. ...

The portolan combined the exact notations of the text of the periplus or pilot book with the decorative illustrations of the conceptual T and O map but on the whole it offered a realistic depiction of the shore and was meant for practical use by a mariner of the period. The portolan did not take into account the curvature of the earth, so it was a misleading document for crossing an ocean. It was useful for navigation in smaller bodies of water such as the Mediterranean or the Red Sea. A periplus in the ancient navigation of Phoenicians, Greeks, and Romans is a manuscript document that lists in order the ports and coastal landmarks, with approximate distances between, that the captain of a vessel could expect to find along a shore. ... Earliest printed example of a classical T and O map (by Guntherus Ziner, Augsburg, 1472), illustrating the first page of chapter XIV of the Etymologiae. ...

The oldest portolan which has survived to our era dates from circa 1296. The cartographer Angelino Dulcert produced a portolan in 1339. March 30 - Edward I stormed Berwick-upon-Tweed, sacking the then Scottish border town with much bloodshed. ... Angelino Dulcert (fl. ... Events Emperor Go-Murakami ascends to the throne of Japan Kashmir is conquered by the muslims Births July 23 - King Louis I of Naples (d. ...