King Porus (also Raja Puru), was the King of Pauravaa, The state falls with in the territory of Trigata Kingdom of Katoch Rulers i.e. a Kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (in Greek, the Hydaspes and the Acesines) rivers in the Punjab and dominions extending to Hyphasis.^[1] Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore.^[2] Indias Beas River, once known as the Hyphasis, marks the most easterly extent of the conquests of Alexander the Great in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, and eventually joins the Sutlej River to flow through Pakistan. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (850x389, 75 KB) Alexander and Porus by Charles Le Brun, painted 1673. ... Combatants Macedonian Empire Greek allies Persian allies Indian allies Paurava Commanders Alexander the Great, Craterus King Porus Strength 34,000 infantry,[2][3][4] 7,000 cavalry[5][6] 50,000 infantry,[7] 5,000 cavalry,[7] 200 war elephants,[8][9] 1,000 chariots[10] Casualties 4,000 infantry... Charles Le Brun, contemporary portrait Charles Le Brun (February 24, 1619 - February 22, 1690) was a French painter and art theorist, one of the dominant artists in 17th century France. ... 1673 (MDCLXXIII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar). ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 390s BC 380s BC 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC - 340s BC - 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC Years: 345 BC 344 BC 343 BC 342 BC 341 BC - 340 BC - 339 BC 338 BC... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314... This article is about the geographical region. ... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC 320s BC 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 260s BC 322 BC 321 BC 320 BC 319 BC 318 BC 317 BC 316 BC 315 BC 314... This article is about the geographical region. ... Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek: the Hydaspes and the Acesines) and dominions extending to Hyphasis[1]. Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore [2]. He was the son of Porus, the king that confronted... Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek: the Hydaspes and the Acesines) and dominions extending to Hyphasis[1]. Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore [2]. He was the son of Porus, the king that confronted... This article is about the geographical region. ... The Jhelum River is the largest and most western of the five rivers of the Punjab province of Pakistan, and passes through Jhelum City. ... The Chenab River rises in the Himalayan ranges of Kashmir and flows through the plains of the Punjab, forming the boundary between the Rechna and the Jech Doabs. ... This article is about the geographical region. ... Indias Beas River, once known as the Hyphasis, marks the most easterly extent of the conquests of Alexander the Great in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, and eventually joins the Sutlej River to flow through Pakistan. ...   (Urdu: لاہور, Punjabi: لہور, pronounced ) is the capital of the province of Punjab and is the second largest city in Pakistan after Karachi. ...

The palace of Sopeithes which the Greek historian Arrian mentions as the place on the Hydaspes is supposed to be at Bhera. The Greeks refer to the Jhelum river as the Hydaspes River where Alexander the Great fought Porus in Battle of the Hydaspes River in 326 BCE. Jhelum River photographed during the summer periods Jehlum River or Jhelum River (Punjabi: Shahmukhi: دریاۓ جہلم, Gurmukhi: ਜੇਹਲਮ) is the largest and most western of the five rivers of Punjab, and passes through Jhelum District. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... Combatants Macedonian Empire Greek allies Persian allies Indian allies Paurava Commanders Alexander the Great, Craterus King Porus Strength 34,000 infantry,[2][3][4] 7,000 cavalry[5][6] 50,000 infantry,[7] 5,000 cavalry,[7] 200 war elephants,[8][9] 1,000 chariots[10] Casualties 4,000 infantry...

King Porus was said to be "5 cubits tall", either the implausible 2.3 m (7½ ft) assuming an 18-inch cubit, or the more likely 1.8 m (6 ft) if a 14-inch Macedonian cubit was meant. Cubit is the name for any one of many units of measure used by various ancient peoples. ... A unit of measurement in use in ancient Macedon. ...

Conflict, alliance and comradeship with Alexander

Unlike his neighbour, Ambhi (in Greek: Omphis), King Porus chose to fight Alexander the Great in order to defend his kingdom Pauravaa and people. Taxiles (in Greek Tαξιλης; lived 4th century BC) was a prince or king, who reigned over the tract between the Indus and the Hydaspes rivers, in the Punjab at the period of the expedition of Alexander the Great, 327 BC. His real name was Ambhi, and the Greeks appear to... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ...

King Porus fought the Battle of the Hydaspes River with Alexander in 326 BC. After fierce fighting and very heavy casualties on both sides, he was defeated by Alexander in a Pyrrhic victory.^[3] The battle with King Porus is often considered to be Alexander's hardest fought battle,^[4][5] so hard that it caused his army to mutiny against him afterwards.^[6] In a famous meeting with Porus - who had suffered many arrow wounds in the battle and had lost his sons, who all chose death in battle rather than surrender. Alexander reportedly asked him, "how he should treat him". Porus replied, "the way one king treats another". Alexander was so impressed by the brave and powerful response of King Porus that he released him back to his Kingdom and gave the captured land of a neighbouring Kingdom whose ruler had fled. ^[7] Combatants Macedonian Empire Greek allies Persian allies Indian allies Paurava Commanders Alexander the Great, Craterus King Porus Strength 34,000 infantry,[2][3][4] 7,000 cavalry[5][6] 50,000 infantry,[7] 5,000 cavalry,[7] 200 war elephants,[8][9] 1,000 chariots[10] Casualties 4,000 infantry... Centuries: 5th century BC - 4th century BC - 3rd century BC Decades: 370s BC 360s BC 350s BC 340s BC 330s BC - 320s BC - 310s BC 300s BC 290s BC 280s BC 270s BC 331 BC 330 BC 329 BC 328 BC 327 BC - 326 BC - 325 BC 324 BC 323... A Pyrrhic victory is a victory with devastating cost to the victor. ...

Later on, King Porus is reported to have participated in Alexander's conquests further east in India. During the attack and destruction of Sagala, Porus rallied Alexander and supplied elephants as well as 5,000 Indian troops: Sagala, today Sialkot, was a city of northern Pakistan in the Punjab region. ...

"At this point too, Porus arrived, bringing with him the rest of the elephants and some five thousand Indians" Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.24.4

In recognition for his support, Alexander gave him the dominion on the territories he had conquered, as far as the Hyphasis: Alexander the Great Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c. ... Indias Beas River, once known as the Hyphasis, marks the most easterly extent of the conquests of Alexander the Great in 326 BC. The river begins at the Rohtang Pass in Himachal Pradesh, and eventually joins the Sutlej River to flow through Pakistan. ...

"He added the territories as far as the river Hyphasis to Porus' dominion, and he himself began to return towards the Hydraotes." Arrian, Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2

Satrap

King Porus seems to have held the position of a Hellenistic satrap for several years after Alexander's departure. He is first mentioned as satrap of the area of the Hydaspes in the text of the Partition of Babylon on 323 BCE. His position was confirmed again in 321 BC at the Partition of Triparadisus. The Ravi River (Sanskrit: , Punjabi: , Urdu: ) is a river in India and Pakistan. ... Alexander the Great Lucius Flavius Arrianus Xenophon (c. ... Hydaspes is the ancient Greek name for the modern-day Jhelum river. ... The Partition of Babylon designates the attribution of the territories by Alexander the Great between his generals, soon after his death in 323 BCE. The partition was a result of a compromise, essentially brokered by Eumenes, following a conflict of opinion between the party of Meleager, who wished to give... The Partition of Triparadasus was a power-sharing agreement passed at Triparadisus in 320 BCE between the generals (diadochi) of Alexander the Great, in which they named a new regent and established the repartition of their satrapies. ...

Indian texts such as the Mudrarakshasa of Visakhadutta as well as the Jaina work Parisishtaparvan talk of Chandragupta's alliance with the Himalayan king Parvata, often identified with King Porus.^[8] The Mudrarakshasa (lit. ... JAIN is an activity within the Java Community Process, developing APIs for the creation of telephony (voice and data) services. ...

Death

Indian sources record that Parvata was killed by mistake by the Indian ruler Rakshasa, who was trying to assassinate Chandragupta instead.
Allegiance: Maurya Dynasty Rank: Emperor Succeeded by: Bindusara Maurya Reign: 322 BC-298 BC Place of birth: Indian subcontinent Chandragupta Maurya (Sanskrit: चन्द्रगुप्त मौर्य; Romanized Greek: Sandrakottos), whilst often referred to as Sandrakottos outside India, is also known simply as Chandragupta (born c. ...

Greek historians however record that he was assassinated, sometime between 321 and 315 BC, (317 BC accepted year), by the Thracian general Eudemus, who had remained in charge of the Macedonian armies in the Punjab: The Thracians were an Indo-European people, inhabitants of Thrace and adjacent lands (present-day Bulgaria, Romania, northeastern Greece, European Turkey and northwestern asiatic Turkey, eastern Serbia and parts of Republic of Macedonia). ... Eudemus (in Greek Eυδημoς; died 316 BC) was one of Alexander the Greats generals, who was appointed by him to the command of the troops left in India. ...

"From India came Eudamus, with 500 horsemen, 300 footmen, and 120 elephants. These beasts he had secured after the death of Alexander, by treacherously slaying King Porus"

—Diodorus Siculus XIX-14

After his assassination, his son King Malayketu ascended the throne with the help of Eudemus. However, Malayketu was killed in the Battle of Gabiene in 317 BC.^{[citation needed]} Malayketu was the king of a kingdom in Punjab located between the Jhelum and the Chenab (Greek: the Hydaspes and the Acesines) and dominions extending to Hyphasis[1]. Its capital may have been near the current city of Lahore [2]. He was the son of Porus, the king that confronted... Commanders Antigonus Monophthalmos Eumenes Casualties ~5000 Heavy Battle of Gabiene (315 BC) was a second great battle (after Paraitacene) between two of Alexander the Greats successors: Antigonus and Eumenes in the wars of the diadochi. ...

Notes

1. ^ Arrian Anabasis of Alexander, V.29.2
2. ^ www.livius.org
3. ^ Welman, Nick. Battles (Major) and Army. Fontys University.
4. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
5. ^ The Campaigns Of Alexander, p. 281.
6. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
7. ^ History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
8. ^ John Marshall "Taxila", p18, and al.

References

• Arrian, The Campaigns of Alexander, book 5.
• History of Porus, Patiala, Dr Buddha Parkash.
• Lendring, Jona. Alexander de Grote - De ondergang van het Perzische rijk (Alexander the Great. The demise of the Persian empire),Amsterdam:Athenaeum - Polak & Van Gennep, 2004.
• Holt, Frank L. Alexander the Great and the Mystery of the Elephant Medallions, California: University of California Press, 2003, 217pgs. ISBN 0-520-24483-4

External links

• Porus at Livius, by Jona Lendering