Potassium bromide
General
Molecular formula	KBr
Molar mass	119.01 g/mol
Appearance	white solid
CAS number	[7758-02-3]
Properties
Density and phase	2.75 g/cm3, solid
Solubility in water	53.5 g/100 ml (0 °C)
Solubility in ethanol	0.142 g/100 ml (25 °C)
Melting point	734 °C (1007 K)
Boiling point	1435 °C (1708 K)
Structure
Coordination geometry	octahedral
Crystal structure	Sodium chloride
Dipole moment	10.41 D (gas)
Supplementary data page
Structure and properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic data	Phase behaviour Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
Related compounds
Other anions	Potassium fluoride Potassium chloride Potassium iodide
Other cations	Lithium bromide Sodium bromide Rubidium bromide Caesium bromide
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references

Potassium bromide (KBr) is a salt, used as an anticonvulsant and a sedative in the 1800s. Today it is used as a medication for dogs (see below). It's a white crystalline powder and soluble in water. In a dilute aqueous solution, potassium bromide tastes sweet, at higher concentration it tastes bitter, and when most concentrated it tastes salty to humans. In high concentration it strongly irritates the gastric mucous membrane leading to nausea and sometimes vomiting. Potassium bromide This image has been released into the public domain by its creator and original copyright holder. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a chemical element or chemical compound. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Density (symbol: ρ - Greek: rho) is a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Water has the chemical formula H2O, meaning that one molecule of water is composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound, one of the alcohols that is most often found in alcoholic beverages. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which it can change its state from a liquid to a gas throughout the bulk of the liquid at a given pressure. ... The coordination geometry of an atom is the geometrical pattern formed by its neighbors in a molecule or a crystal. ... An octahedron (plural: octahedra) is a polyhedron with eight faces. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... Flash point Non-flammable R/S statement R: none S: none RTECS number VZ4725000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... The debye (symbol: D) is a non-SI and non-CGS unit of electrical dipole moment. ... The refractive index of a material is the factor by which the phase velocity of electromagnetic radiation is slowed relative to vacuum. ... The dielectric constant εr (represented as or K in some cases) is defined as the ratio: where εs is the static permittivity of the material in question, and ε0 is the vacuum permittivity. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy most commonly known as NMR Spectroscopy is the name given to the technique which exploits the magnetic properties of nuclei. ... It has been suggested that Mass spectrum be merged into this article or section. ... // An ion is an atom, group of atoms, or subatomic particle with a net electric charge. ... The chemical compound potassium fluoride (KF) is a metal halide composed of potassium and fluoride. ... The chemical compound potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chlorine. ... Potassium iodide is a white crystalline salt with chemical formula KI, used in photography and radiation treatment. ... // An ion is an atom, group of atoms, or subatomic particle with a net electric charge. ... Lithium bromide, or LiBr, is chemical compound of lithium and bromide that is extremely hygroscopic and often used as a dessicant. ... Sodium bromide (Sedoneural, NaBr) is used as a hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and sedative in medicine. ... Rubidium bromide is the bromide of rubidium. ... In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals) and 25 degrees Celsius (298. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... The anticonvulsants, sometimes also called antiepileptics, belong to a diverse group of pharmaceuticals used in prevention of the occurrence of epileptic seizures. ... A sedative is a drug that depresses the central nervous system (CNS), which causes calmness, relaxation, reduction of anxiety, sleepiness, slowed breathing, slurred speech, staggering gait, poor judgment, and slow, uncertain reflexes. ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Chemical properties

Potassium bromide is a typical ionic salt which is fully dissociated and pH7 in aqueous solution. It reacts as a source of bromide ions- this reaction is important for the manufacture of silver bromide for photographic film: // An ion is an atom, group of atoms, or subatomic particle with a net electric charge. ... A magnified crystal of a salt (halite/sodium chloride) In chemistry, a salt is any ionic compound composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Silver bromide (AgBr) is a photosensitive substance. ... Undeveloped Arista black and white film, ISO 125. ...

KBr(aq) + AgNO₃(aq) → AgBr(s) + KNO₃(aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , , , , Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Silver bromide (AgBr) is a photosensitive substance. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... R-phrases   S-phrases   Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

It will also form complexes when reacted with some metal halides such as copper(II) bromide: A complex in chemistry is a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through weak non-covalent chemical bonds. ...

2 KBr(aq) + CuBr₂(aq) → K₂[CuBr₄](aq) Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ... Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. ...

Preparation

A traditional method for the manufacture of KBr is the reaction of potassium carbonate with a bromide of iron, Fe₃Br₈, made by treating scrap iron under water with excess Br₂: Potassium carbonate is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in alcohol), which forms a strongly alkaline solution. ... A bromide is a phrase, or person who uses phrases, which have been used and repeated so many times as to become either insincere in their meaning, or seem like an attempt at trying to explain the obvious. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ...

4 K₂CO₃ + Fe₃Br₈ → 8 KBr + Fe₃O₄ + 4 CO₂ Potassium carbonate is a white salt, soluble in water (insoluble in alcohol), which forms a strongly alkaline solution. ... Iron(II,III) oxide is an oxide of iron, containing iron (II) as well as iron (III). ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ...

Uses

The anticonvulsant properties of potassium bromide were first noted by Sir Charles Locock at a meeting of the Royal Medical and Chirurgical Society in 1857. It can be regarded as the first effective medication for epilepsy. At the time, it was commonly thought that epilepsy was caused by masturbation. Locock noted that bromide calmed sexual excitement and thought this was responsible for his success in treating seizures. There would not be a better drug for epilepsy until phenobarbital in 1912. The Medical and Chirurgical Society of London was a learned society of physicians and surgeons which was founded in 1805 by 26 personalities in these fields who had left the Medical Society of London (founded 1773) because of disagreement with the autocratic style of its president, James Sims. ... Phenobarbital (also phenobarbitone or Luminal) is a weak acid with the chemical formula C12H12N2O3. ...

Potassium bromide is currently used as an anti-seizure medication for dogs and cats. It is often used as a supplement to phenobarbital, if seizures are not being successfully controlled with phenobarbital alone. Increasingly, however, it is being considered as a first-line treatment. This article is about the medical term, epileptic seizure, as distinct from psychogenic non-epileptic seizure. ...

Potassium bromide is not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in humans to control seizures. Only in Germany is it approved for use as an antiepileptic drug for humans, particularly children and aldolescents, with severe forms of generalized tonic-clonic seizures in early-childhood-related Grand-Mal-seizures and also severe myoclonic seizures during childhood. Adults who have reacted positively to the drug during childhood/adolescence may be further treated. It is sold under the brand name Dibro-Be mono® (RX-only). When used for proper indications it showed promising results. The drug has a complete bioavailability and an extremely long halflife of 6 weeks. One tablet contains 850 mg of potassium bromide. Potassium bromide is not known to interfere with the absorption or excretion of any other anticonvulsant.

The therapeutic index is very small, sometimes even therapeutic doses give rise to severe intoxications, often indistinctable from 'expected' side-effects, these are:

Loss of appetite, nausea/emesis, lethargy, propensity to sleep during daytime, depression, loss of concentration and memory, confusion, headache, bromism (central reactions reaching from somnolence to coma, cachexia, exicosis, loss of reflexes or pathologic reflexes, clonic seizures, tremor, ataxia (abnormalitities of gait), loss of neural sensitivity, paresis, papillar edema of the eyes, abnormal speech, cerebral edema, frank delirium, aggressivity, psychoses) as well as acne-form dermatitis and other forms of skin disease and mucous hypersecretion in the lungs. Asthma bronchiale and rhinitis may worsen. Rarely, tongue disorder, aphten, bad breath, and obstipation occur.

External links

• Potassium Bromide For Veterinary Use