It has been suggested that Overhead powerline be merged into this article or section. (Discuss) - Power line redirects here. For the blog, see Power Line.
- Power grid redirects here. For the board game, see Power Grid (board game).
Electric power transmission is one process in the delivery of electricity to consumers. It refers to the 'bulk' transfer of electrical power from place to place. Typically power transmission is between the power plant and a substation in the vicinity of a populated area. This is distinct from electricity distribution which is concerned with the delivery from the substation to the consumers. Due to the large amount of power involved, transmission normally takes place at high voltage (110 kV or above). Electricity is usually sent over long distance through overhead power transmission lines (such as those in the photo on the right). Rarely is power transmitted underground, due to the high capacitive and resistive losses incurred. Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ...
Description of an electrical power grid Electrical power is generated in many locations and created by various technologies in the form of alternating current. ...
Image File history File links Please see the file description page for further information. ...
Jump to: navigation, search It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Electric power transmission. ...
Jump to: navigation, search A weblog or blog (derived from web + log) is a web-based publication consisting primarily of periodic articles (normally, but not always, in reverse chronological order). ...
This article is on a political subject, specifically a conservative blog in the United States. ...
A board game is any game played with a premarked surface, with counters or pieces that are moved across the board. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Power Grid is a multiplayer board game invented by Friedemann Friese, published by Rio Grande Games. ...
Electric transmission lines, picture taken by myself. ...
Electric transmission lines, picture taken by myself. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Lund ▶(?) is a Scanian city in the Skåne province of southernmost Sweden. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Electricity is a general term applied to phenomena involving a fundamental property of matter called an electric charge. ...
A power station (also power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ...
An aerial substation A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed generally from high to low using transformers. ...
Electricity distribution is the penultimate process in the delivery of electric power, the part between transmission and user purchase from an electricity retailer. ...
A power transmission system is sometimes referred to colloquially as a "grid". However, for reasons of economy, the network is rarely a grid (a fully connected network) in the mathematical sense. Redundant paths and lines are provided so that power can be routed from any power plant to any load center, through a variety of routes, based on the economics of the transmission path and the cost of power. Much analysis is done by transmission companies to determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line, which, due to system stability considerations, may be less than the physical limit of the line. Deregulation of electricity companies in many countries has lead to renewed interest in reliable economic design of transmission networks. The separation of transmission and generation functions is one of the factors that contributed to the 2003 North America blackout. Jump to: navigation, search In the mathematical field of graph theory a complete graph is a simple graph where an edge connects every pair of vertices. ...
In engineering, the duplication of critical components of a system with the intention of increasing reliability of the system is called redundancy. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Deregulation is the process by which governments remove restrictions on business in order to (in theory) encourage the efficient operation of markets. ...
The 2003 North America blackout was a massive power outage which occurred throughout parts of the northeastern United States and eastern Canada on Thursday, August 14, 2003. ...
AC power transmission AC power transmission is the transmission of electric power by alternating current. Usually transmission lines use three phase AC current. In electric railways, sometimes single phase AC current is used as traction current for railway traction. Transmission towers marching through the countryside. ...
Transmission towers marching through the countryside. ...
A pylon is a tall steel lattice structure used to support overhead electricity conductors for power transmission. ...
Transmission lines in Lund, Sweden Electric power, often known as power or electricity, involves the production and delivery of electrical energy in sufficient quantities to operate domestic appliances, office equipment, industrial machinery and provide sufficient energy for both domestic and commercial lighting, heating, cooking and industrial processes. ...
Jump to: navigation, search city lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ...
Three-phase power transformer which is the sole transfer point for electricity to a suburban shopping mall in Canada. ...
Jump to: navigation, search In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electrons. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The generation of AC electric power is commonly three phase, in which the waveforms of three supply conductors are offset from one another by 120°. These three conductors are commonly housed in a single conduit (e. ...
By traction current one understands the electric current, which is used for the drive of electrical trains. ...
Traction is applied mechanical force used to achieve motion. ...
Today, transmission-level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above. Lower voltages such as 66 kV and 33 kV are usually considered sub-transmission voltages but are occasionally used on long lines with light loads. Voltages less than 33 kV are usually used for distribution. Voltages above 230 kV are considered extra high voltage and require different designs compared to equipment used at lower voltages. Electricity distribution is the penultimate process in the delivery of electric power, the part between transmission and user purchase from an electricity retailer. ...
History In an AIEE Address, May 16, 1888, Nikola Tesla delivered a lecture entitled A NEW SYSTEM OF ALTERNATING CURRENT MOTORS AND TRANSFORMERS, disclosing the technology which permits the efficient generation and utilization of alternating currents. Dr. Tesla's disclosures in the form of patents, lectures and technical articles, are indespensible for understanding the technological, historical, and political events which resulted in the modern system of power transmission. The American Institute of Electrical Engineers was a United States based organization of electrical engineers that existed between 1884 and 1963 (when it merged with the Institute of Radio Engineers (IRE)). The 1884 founders of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) included some of the most prominent inventors and...
Jump to: navigation, search Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 – c. ...
Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The first transmission of three-phase alternating current using high voltage took place in the year 1891 on the occasion of the international electricity exhibition in Frankfurt. In that year, a 25 kV transmission line, approximately 175 kilometre long, was built between Lauffen at the Neckar and Frankfurt. Jump to: navigation, search 1891 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Jump to: navigation, search Frankfurt am Main ▶(?) [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hesse and the fifth-largest city in Germany. ...
The Neckar is a river in Germany, a major tributary of the River Rhine, which it joins at Mannheim. ...
The rapid industrialization in the 20th century made electrical transmission lines and grids a critical part of the economic infrastructure in most industrialized nations. Initially transmission lines were supported by porcelain pin-and-sleeve insulators similar to those used for telegraph and telephone lines. However, these reached a practical limit of 40 kV. In 1907 the invention of the disc insulator by Harold W. Buck of the Niagara Falls Power Corporation and Edward M. Hewlett of General Electric allowed practical insulators of any length to be constructed, which allowed the use of higher voltages. The first large scale hydroelectric generators in the USA (engineered and installed under the technical oversight of Nikola Tesla) were installed at Niagara Falls and provided electricity to Buffalo, New York via power transmission lines. (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999 in the...
// Definition An Insulator is a material or object which resists the flow of heat (thermal insulators) or electric charge (electrical insulators). ...
Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...
Jump to: navigation, search A telephone handset A touch-tone telephone dial Telephone Complex relay used in a telephone switching system. ...
1907 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The General Electric Company, or GE, NYSE: GE is a multinational technology and services company. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 – c. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The Horseshoe Falls, one of the three Niagara Falls. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Aerial view of downtown Buffalo, New York Buffalo is an American city in western New York. ...
The first three-phase alternating current power transmission at 110 kV took place n 1912 between Lauchhammer and Riesa,Germany. On April 17, 1929 the first 220 kV line in Germany was completed, running from Brauweiler near Cologne, over Kelsterbach near Frankfurt, Rheinau near Mannheim, Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck near Austria. The masts of this line were designed for eventual upgrade to 380 kV. However the first transmission at 380 kV was erected in Germany on October 5, 1957 between the substations in Rommerskirchen and Ludwigsburg-Hoheneck. In 1967 the first extra-high-voltage transmission at 735 kV took place on a Hydro-Québec transmission line. In 1982 the first transmission at 1200kV took place in the Soviet Union. 1912 was a leap year starting on Monday. ...
Riesa - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ...
Jump to: navigation, search April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Brauweiler is western a quarter of Pulheim, of Cologne. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Cologne skyline at night with river Rhine in the foreground and famous Cologne Cathedral on the right. ...
Basic information Country: Germany Federal state: Land Baden-Württemberg Regions: Rhein-Neckar District: Independent municipality Population: 324,787 (Mai 2005) Additional information Area: 144. ...
Ludwigsburg is a city in Germany, about 12 km north of Stuttgarts city center, by the river Neckar. ...
Jump to: navigation, search October 5 is the 278th day of the year (279th in Leap years). ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1957 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1967 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Hydro-Québec headquarters in downtown Montreal, with logo Hydro-Québec is a government-owned corporation that provides hydroelectric power for Quebec, Canada. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1982 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Bulk power transmission A transmission grid is a network of power stations, transmission circuits, and substations. Energy is usually transmitted within the grid with 3-phase alternating current (AC). A power station (also power plant) is a facility for the generation of electric power. ...
An aerial substation A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from low to high and vice versa using transformers. ...
Jump to: navigation, search city lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ...
The capital cost of electric power stations is so high, and electric demand is so variable, that it is often cheaper to import some portion of the variable load than to generate it locally. Because nearby loads are often correlated (hot weather in the Southwest portion of the United States might cause many people there to turn on their air conditioners), imported electricity must often come from far away. Because of the irresistible economics of load balancing, transmission grids now span across countries and even large portions of continents. The web of interconnections between power producers and consumers ensures that power can flow even if one link is disabled.
 Long-distance transmission of electricity is almost always more expensive than the transportation of the fuels used to make that electricity. As a result, there is economic pressure to locate fuel-burning power plants near the population centers that they serve. The obvious exceptions are hydroelectric turbines -- high-pressure water-filled pipes being more expensive than electric wires. The unvarying portion of the electric demand is known as the "base load", and is generally served best by facilities with low variable costs but high fixed costs, like nuclear or large coal-fired powerplants. Image File history File links This image came from Platts, a division of McGraw-Hill publishing. ...
A base load power plant is one that provides a steady flow of power regardless of total power demand by the grid. ...
Grid input At the generating plants the energy is produced at a relatively low voltage of up to 25 kV (Grigsby, 2001, p. 4-4), then stepped up by the power station transformer to a higher voltage for transmission over long distances to grid exit points (substations). Electrical generator Generator (Mathematics) ...
Jump to: navigation, search A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by magnetic coupling but without any moving parts. ...
This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ...
An aerial substation A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from low to high and vice versa using transformers. ...
Losses It is necessary to transmit the electricity at high voltage to reduce the percentage of energy lost. For a given amount of power transmitted, a higher voltage reduces the current and thus the resistive losses in the conductor. Long distance transmission is typically done with overhead lines at voltages of 110 to 765 kV. However, at extremely high voltages, more than 2 million volts between conductor and ground, corona discharge losses are so large as to offset the advantage of lower heating loss in the line conductors. In electricity, a corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization of a fluid surrounding a conductor, which occurs when the potential gradient exceeds a certain value, in situations where sparking (also known as arcing) is not favoured. ...
Transmission and distribution losses in the USA were estimated at 7.2% in 1995 [1], and in the UK at 7.4% in 1998. [2] Jump to: navigation, search 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1998 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ...
In an alternating current transmission line, the inductance and capacitance of the line conductors can be significant. The currents that flow in these components of transmission line impedance constitute reactive power, which transmits no energy to the load. Reactive current flow causes extra losses in the transmission circuit. The fraction of total energy flow (power) which is resistive (as opposed to reactive) power is the power factor. Utilities add capacitor banks and other components throughout the system—such as phase-shifting transformers, static VAr compensators, and flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS)—to control reactive power flow for reduction of losses and stabilization of system voltage. Inductance is a physical characteristic of any system of conductors (including an inductor), which creates a voltage proportional to the instantaneous rate of change in current flowing through it. ...
Capacitance is a measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for a given electric potential. ...
In electrical engineering, Impedance is a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal electric current. ...
Reactive power is an abstract quantity, typically used by power engineers to describe a certain type of energy flow in an electric distribution system. ...
The power factor of an AC electric power system is defined as the ratio of the real power to the apparent power. ...
Jump to: navigation, search A transformer is an electrical device that transfers energy from one electrical circuit to another by magnetic coupling but without any moving parts. ...
Transmission lines both generate and absorb reactive power. ...
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) is a static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. ...
HVDC High voltage DC (HVDC) is used to transmit large amounts of power over long distances or for interconnections between asynchronous grids. When electrical energy is required to be transmitted over very long distances, it can be more economical to transmit using direct current instead of alternating current. For a long transmission line, the value of the smaller losses, and reduced construction cost of a DC line, can offset the additional cost of converter stations at each end of the line. Also, at high AC voltages significant amounts of energy are lost due to corona discharge, the capacitance between phases or, in the case of buried cables, between phases and the soil or water in which the cable is buried. Since the power flow through an HVDC link is directly controllable, HVDC links are sometimes used within a grid to stabilize the grid against control problems with the AC energy flow. One prominent example of such a transmission line is the Pacific Intertie located in the Western United States. HVDC or high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. ...
Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ...
Jump to: navigation, search city lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ...
In electricity, a corona discharge is an electrical discharge brought on by the ionization of a fluid surrounding a conductor, which occurs when the potential gradient exceeds a certain value, in situations where sparking (also known as arcing) is not favoured. ...
Capacitance is a measure of the amount of electric charge stored (or separated) for a given electric potential. ...
Jump to: navigation, search For the heavy metal band see Soil (band) Soil is unconsolidated rock particles on the surface of the earth, mixed with organic matter from plant decay. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Water (from the Old English word wæter; c. ...
The Pacific Intertie is a high voltage direct current transmission line between Celilo, Oregon and Sylmar, California. ...
Grid exit At the substations, transformers are again used to step the voltage down to a lower voltage for distribution to commercial and residential users. This distribution is accomplished with a combination of sub-transmission (33 kV to 115 kV, varying by country and customer requirements) and distribution (3.3 to 25 kV). Finally, at the point of use, the energy is transformed to low voltage (100 to 600 V, varying by country and customer requirements). An aerial substation A substation is the part of an electricity transmission and distribution system where voltage is transformed from low to high and vice versa using transformers. ...
Electricity distribution is the penultimate process in the delivery of electric power, the part between transmission and user purchase from an electricity retailer. ...
Communications Operators of long transmission lines require reliable communications for control of the power grid and, often, associated generation and distribution facilities. Fault-sensing protection relays at each end of the line must communicate to monitor the flow of power into and out of the protected line section. Protection of the transmission line from short circuits and other faults is usually so critical that common carrier telecommunications is insufficiently reliable. In remote areas a common carrier may not be available at all. Communication systems associated with a transmission project may use: This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Relay is also the name of a series of medium-altitude satellites; the first of which was launched in 1962. ...
For alternate meanings see Short circuit (disambiguation) A short circuit (sometimes known as simply a short) is a fault whereby electricity moves through a circuit in an unintended path, usually due to a connection forming where none was expected. ...
Jump to: navigation, search A common carrier is an organization that transports a product or service using its facilities, or those of other carriers. ...
Rarely, and for short distances, a utility will use pilot-wires strung along the transmission line path. Leased circuits from common carriers are not preferred since availability is not under control of the electric power transmission organization. This page is about the radiation; for the appliance, see microwave oven. ...
Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ...
Transmission lines can also be used to carry data: this is called power-line carrier, or PLC. PLC signals can be easily received with a radio for the longwave range. Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Sometimes there are also communications cables using the transmission line structures. These are generally fibre optic cables. They are often integrated in the ground (or earth) conductor. Sometimes a standalone cable is used, which is commonly fixed to the upper crossbar. On the EnBW system in Germany, the communication cable can be suspended from the ground (earth) conductor or strung as a standalone cable. Fiber Optic strands An optical fiber in American English or fibre in British English is a transparent thin fiber for transmitting light. ...
Some jurisdictions, such as Minnesota, prohibit energy transmission companies from selling surplus communication bandwidth or acting as a telecommunications common carrier. Where the regulatory structure permits, the utility can sell capacity in extra "dark fibres" to a common carrier, providing another revenue stream for the line. Jump to: navigation, search State nickname: North Star State Other U.S. States Capital Saint Paul Largest city Minneapolis Governor Tim Pawlenty (R) Senators Mark Dayton (D) Norm Coleman (R) Official languages None Area 225,365 km² (12th) - Land 206,375 km² - Water 18,990 km² (8. ...
Jump to: navigation, search A common carrier is an organization that transports a product or service using its facilities, or those of other carriers. ...
Electricity market reform Transmission is a natural monopoly and there are moves in many countries to separately regulate transmission (see New Zealand Electricity Market). In the USA the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission had issued a notice of proposed rulemaking setting out a proposed Standard Market Design (SMD) that would see the establishment of Regional Transmission Organizations (RTOs). The first RTO in North America is the Midwest Independent Transmission System Operator (MISO) [3]. MISO's authority covers parts of the transmission grid in the United States midwest and one province of Canada (through a coordination agreement with Manitoba Hydro). MISO also operates the wholesale power market in the United States portion of this area. In economics, a natural monopoly is a persistent situation where a single company is the only supplier of a particular kind of product or service due to the fundamental cost structure of the industry. ...
Up to 1994, the New Zealand Electricity Market had a system of monopoly providers of generation, transmission, distribution and retailing. ...
The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) is the United States federal agency with jurisdiction over interstate electricity sales, wholesale electric rates, hydroelectric licensing, natural gas pricing, and oil pipeline rates. ...
A notice of proposed rulemaking or NPRM is issued by law when a regulatory agency of the United States Federal Government wishes to add, remove, or change a rule (or regulation). ...
A Regional Transmission Organization (RTO) is an organization that is established to control and manage the generation and distribution of electricity over an area that is generally larger then the typical power companys distribution system. ...
Founded in 1961, Manitoba Hydro is the electric power and natural gas utility in the province of Manitoba, Canada. ...
In July 2005, the new FERC chairman, Joseph Kelliher announced the end of SMD efforts because "the rulemaking had been overtaken by the voluntary formation of RTOs and ISOs" according to FERC.
Spain was the first country to establish a Regional Transmission Organization. In that country transmission operations and market operations are controlled by separate companies. The transmission system operator is Red Eléctrica de España (REE) [4] and the wholesale electricity market operator is Operador del Mercado Ibérico de Energía - Polo Español, S.A. (OMEL) [5]. Spain's transmission system is interconnected with those of France, Portugal, and Morocco.
Health concerns It is argued by some that living near high voltage power lines presents a danger to animals and humans. Some have claimed that electromagnetic radiation from power lines elevates the risk of certain types of cancer. Some studies support this theory, and others do not. Most studies of large populations fail to show a clear correlation between cancer and the proximity of power lines, but a 2005 Oxford University study did find a statistically significant elevation of childhood leukaemia rates [6]. Recent studies (2003) connect DNA-breakage with low level AC magnetic fields. Jump to: navigation, search Electromagnetic radiation can be conceptualized as a self propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 2005 (MMV) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ...
Leukemia (leukaemia in Commonwealth English) is a group of blood diseases characterized by malignancies (cancer) of the blood-forming tissues. ...
The current mainstream scientific view is that power lines are unlikely to pose an increased risk of cancer or other somatic diseases. For a detailed discussion of this topic, including references to a variety of scientific studies, see the Power Lines and Cancer FAQ. The issue is also discussed at some length in Robert L. Park's book Voodoo Science. Robert L. Park is a professor of physics at the University of Maryland, College Park. ...
Voodoo Science, another term for pseudoscience, was popularized in a book of the same title (ISBN 0195147103) written in 2001 by Robert L. Park. ...
Alternate transmission methods Hidetsugu Yagi attempted to devise a system for wireless power transmission. Whilst he managed to demonstrate a proof of concept, the engineering problems proved to be more onerous than conventional systems. His work however, led to the invention of the yagi antenna. Hidetsugu Yagi (八木 秀次 Yagi Hidetsugu, January 28, 1886 - January 19, 1976) was a Japanese electrical scientist who wrote several important articles that led to the development of the Yagi antenna, which allows directional communication with electromagnetic waves. ...
A Yagi-Uda antenna. ...
Another form of wireless power transmission has been studied for transmission of power from solar power satellites to the earth. A high power array of microwave transmitters would beam power to a rectenna in an unpopulated desert area. Formidable engineering, environmental, and economic problems face any solar power satellite project. Wireless energy transfer is wireless transfer of electromagnetic energy via electromagnetic induction. ...
A solar power satellite, or SPS, is a proposed satellite built in high Earth orbit that uses microwave power transmission to beam solar power to a very large antenna on Earth where it can be used in place of conventional power sources. ...
This page is about the radiation; for the appliance, see microwave oven. ...
A rectenna is a rectifying antenna, a special type of antenna that is used to directly convert microwave energy into DC electricity. ...
There is a potential for the use of superconducting cable transmission in order to supply electricity to consumers, given that the waste is halved using this method. Such cables are particularly suited to high load density areas such as the business district of large cities, where purchase of a right of way for cables would be very costly. [7] Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the damping of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect. ...
Right-of-way is a legal term which may have any of several meanings: priority at a crossing, or in traffic. ...
Special transmission grids for railways In some countries where electric trains run on low frequency AC (e.g. 16.7 Hz and 25 Hz) power there are separate single phase traction power networks operated by the railways. These grids are fed by separate generators in some power stations or by traction current converter plants from the public three phase AC network. Sample transmission voltages include: A traction power network is a electricity grid for the supply of electric trains. ...
A traction current converter plant is an electrical substation that converts electric power from that form used as public electricity mains current to an appropriate voltage, current type, and frequency to supply railways with traction current. ...
- 25 kV (United Kingdom)
- 25 and 50 kV (South Africa)
- 66 and 132 kV (Switzerland)
- 110 kV (Germany, Austria)
Records - Highest transmission voltage (AC): 1150 kV on Powerline Ekibastuz-Kokshetau
- Highest transmission voltage (DC): +/-600 kV on HVDC Itaipu
- Highest pylons: Pylons of Pearl River Crossing (height: 253 metres and 240 metres)
- Longest powerline: Inga-Shaba (length: 1700 kilometres)
- longest submarine cables: Basslink (under construction, length of submarine/underground cable: 290 kilometres, total length: 357.4 kilometres), Baltic-Cable (length of submarine/underground cable: 249 kilometres, total length: 261 kilometres)
The Powerline Ekibastuz-Kokshetau is the powerline designed for the highest transmission voltage (1150 kV) in the world. ...
The HVDC Itaipu is a HVDC transmission progject from the Itaipu hydroelectric power plant to the city of São Paulo,Brazil. ...
A pylon is a tall steel lattice structure used to support overhead electricity conductors for power transmission. ...
The pylons of the Pearl River Crossing are three electricity pylons with heights of 240 metres, 253 metres, and 80 metres. ...
The 900 million dollar INGA-SHABA ELECTRICAL TRANSMISSION LINE PROJECT in the Republic of Zaire, today the Democratic Republic of Congo, was the result of arduous, intricate negotiations over a period of more than three years in the pre-feasibility stage, involving several competing nations. ...
The Basslink is a HVDC link between the static inverter plant Loy Yang on the Australian mainland and the static inverter plant George Town in Northern Tasmania. ...
The Baltic-Cable is a HVDC power line running beneath the Baltic Sea that interconnects the electric power grids of Germany and Sweden. ...
See also HVDC or high-voltage, direct current electric power transmission systems contrast with the more common alternating-current systems as a means for the bulk transmission of electrical power. ...
By traction current one understands the electric current, which is used for the drive of electrical trains. ...
A traction power network is a electricity grid for the supply of electric trains. ...
Transmission lines both generate and absorb reactive power. ...
Flexible Alternating Current Transmission System (FACTS) is a static equipment used for the AC transmission of electrical energy. ...
Distributed generation is a new trend in electric power generation. ...
Electricity markets are being developed as a result of the deregulation of electricity utilities around the world. ...
In general, liberalization refers to a relaxation of previous government restrictions, usually in areas of social or economic policy. ...
A lineman is a tradesman who constructs and maintains electric power transmission and distribution facilities. ...
Jump to: navigation, search This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
A pylon is a tall steel lattice structure used to support overhead electricity conductors for power transmission. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
A submarine communications cable is a cable laid beneath the sea to carry telecommunications between countries. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The National Grid is the high-voltage electric power transmission network in Great Britain, interconnecting power stations and major substations and ensuring that electricity generated anywhere in Great Britain can be used to satisfy demand elsewhere. ...
Jump to: navigation, search National Grid is a US company composed of Granite State Electric, Massachusetts Electric, Nantucket Electric, Narragansett Electric and Niagara Mohawk. ...
Electricity distribution is the penultimate process in the delivery of electric power, the part between transmission and user purchase from an electricity retailer. ...
Description of an electrical power grid Electrical power is generated in many locations and created by various technologies in the form of alternating current. ...
Jump to: navigation, search It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Electric power transmission. ...
External links Continental Europe refers to the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands and peninsulae. ...
The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, or CIRC in its French acronym) is an intergovernmental agency forming part of the World Health Organisation of the United Nations. ...
Logo of the GreenFacts website GreenFacts, also known as Green Facts and under its website name greenfacts. ...
References - Grigsby, L. L., et al. The Electric Power Engineering Handbook. USA: CRC Press. (2001). ISBN 0-8493-8578-4
Further reading - Westinghouse Electric Corporation, "Electric power transmission patents; Tesla polyphase system". (Transmission of power; polyphase system; Tesla patents)
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