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In a vehicle, the term drivetrain or powertrain refers to the group of components that generate power and deliver it to the road surface, water, or air. This includes the engine, transmission, driveshafts, differentials, and the final drive (drive wheels, caterpillar track, propeller, etc.). Sometimes "powertrain" is used to refer to simply the engine and transmission, including the other components only if they are integral to the transmission. The Trikke is a Human Powered Vehicle (HPV) This article is about the means of transport. ...
The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion, or rapid oxidation, of gas and air occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ...
Epicyclic gearing or planetary gearing as used in an automatic transmission. ...
Cardan driveshaft with universal joints A driveshaft or driving shaft or Cardan shaft is a mechanical device for transferring power from the engine or motor to the point where useful work is applied. ...
In an automobile and other four-wheeled vehicles, a differential is a device, usually consisting of gears, for allowing each of the driving wheels to rotate at different speeds, while supplying equal torque to each of them. ...
A drive wheel is a wheel in an automotive vehicle that receives power from the power train. ...
U.S. M60 Patton tank. ...
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A vehicle's driveline consists of the parts of the drivetrain excluding the engine and transmission. It is the portion of a vehicle, after the transmission, that changes depending on whether a vehicle is front wheel drive, four wheel drive, or rear wheel drive. Front wheel drive is the most common form of engine/transmission layout used in modern passenger cars, where the engine drives the front wheels. ...
Four wheel drive or 4x4, is a type of four wheeled vehicle drivetrain configuration that enables all four wheels to receive power from the engine simultaneously in order to provide maximum traction. ...
Rear wheel drive was a common form of engine/transmission layout used in automobiles throughout the 20th century. ...
Broader definition
In a wider sense, the powertrain includes all components to transform chemical, physical or nuclear energy into secondary energy and deliver it to the interface to the outer world for propulsion purposes. This includes the utilisation of multiple power sources and non wheel based vehicles. From an energetic standpoint the weakest point is the first step: internal combustion engines have limitations regarding efficiency, but the "well to wheel" efficiency of alternative propulsion systems are not considered any better.[citation needed] This refers to fuel cells with additional reformer losses, electric vehicles powered from the grid with low hydraulic and renewable energy share and also vehicles using energy storage with high losses (some battery types, ultra- or supercaps). The internal combustion engine is an engine in which the combustion, or rapid oxidation, of gas and air occurs in a confined space called a combustion chamber. ...
Alternative propulsion is a term used frequently for power train concepts differing to the standard internal combustion engine concept used in gasoline- or diesel-fueled vehicles. ...
A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ...
A trolley bus, powered by a pair of overhead wires. ...
Developments Powertrain development for diesel engines involves the following trends: modular injection, electronic valve control (EVC), low pressure exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and advanced combustion. Spark ignition technology has focused on de-throttling (in part load where the low efficiency of Otto engines is defined) and downsizing (lower displacement, EVC).[1] This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an NOx (Nitrogen oxide and Nitrogen Dioxide) reduction technique used in most Gasoline and Diesel engines. ...
The term spark-ignition is normally used to refer to internal combustion engines where the fuel-air mixture is ignited with a spark. ...
The four-stroke cycle (or Otto cycle) of an internal combustion engine is the cycle most commonly used for automotive and industrial purposes today (cars and trucks, generators, etc). ...
Attention to new fuel qualities (no sulphur and aromates) allow new combustion concepts. These promise to combine clean combustion with high efficiency. So-called "combined combustion systems" (CCV) (Volkswagen, 2003) or "diesotto" cycles (Mercedes-Benz) are based on synthetic fuels (synthetic diesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL)).[2] For the chemical element see: sulfur. ...
Volkswagen AG (ISIN: DE0007664005), or VW, is an automobile manufacturer based in Wolfsburg, Germany. ...
2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
This page is about the Mercedes-Benz brand of automobiles and trucks from the DaimlerChrysler automobile manufacturer. ...
Biomass to liquid (BTL) is a (multi step) process to produce liquid fuels out of biomass: It mainly aims at using the whole plant to improve the CO2 balance and the costs. ...
Gas to liquid or GTL is a refinery process to convert natural gas or other gaseous hydro-carbons into longer-chain hydro-carbons. ...
The energy management inside the powertrain decoupling energy transformation and propulsion demand is in its infancy, especially in Europe. If acceleration is adapted automatically to follow minimal energy consumption and minimal environmental pollution, performance may suffer. The motor vehicle industry doubts that customers may adopt vehicles in which acceleration responsiveness is reduced. This type of riding has been called "de-emotionalization".
Manufacturing The manufacturing of powertrain components and systems is a key factor in the competitive position of companies in the automotive and other (truck, motorcycle, tractor, construction equipment…) vehicle industrial sectors. Global economic and environmental factors have led to the requirement to engineer and produce powertrain system that are more economical to manufacture, higher in product quality and reliability, higher in performance, more fuel efficient, less polluting, and longer in life expectancy. In turn these trends have led to designs that involve higher internal pressures, are subject to greater instantaneous forces, and are more complex in their design and mechanical operation. The resulting advanced powertrain designs in turn impose significantly more severe requirements on the shape, flatness, waviness, roughness, and porosity,of powertrain subsystems, as well as limitations on the allowed presence of potential defects in the surfaces and other dimensional characteristics of the system components and assemblies. In addition to improved materials and material forming methods, these requirements have led to advanced metrology technology that more thoroughly and accurately measures and enables improved control of all of the steps in powertrain manufacturing processes. The intuitive idea of flatness is important in several fields. ...
Roughness or rugosity is a measurement (see surface metrology) of the small-scale variations in the height of a physical surface. ...
Used in geology, building science and hydrogeology, the porosity of a porous medium (such as rock or sediment) is the proportion of the non-solid volume to the total volume of material, and is defined by the ratio: where Vp is the non-solid volume (pores and liquid) and Vm...
Hybrid powertrain and aftermarket kits One can install conmarket or aftermarket powertrain in a vehicles to hybridise it. [3] The conmarket solution is used when the user buys the hybrid powertrain to the automaker and recieves it installed in the car. Aftermarket (automotive), the term aftermarket can refer to the addition of non-factory parts, accessories and upgrades to a motor vehicle. ...
A hybrid vehicle (HV) is a vehicle that uses two or more distinct power sources such as: An on-board rechargeable energy storage system (RESS) and a fueled power source for vehicle propulsion Human powered bicycle with battery assist A sail boat with electric power[1] The term most commonly...
Automakers or automobile manufacturers are companies that design and manufacture automobiles. ...
See also A gear train is a set or system of gears arranged to transfer rotational torque from one part of a mechanical sytem to another. ...
References - ^ Rinaldo Rinolfi, Vice-President at Fiat Powertrain Technologies (FPT): "The Future of Powertrain Technology", Barcelona, May 2005
- ^ http://www.autocar.co.uk/news_article.asp?na_id=215129
- ^ California Motors hybrid drivetrains
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