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Prehistoric France is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area covered by present-day France which extended through prehistory and ended in the Iron Age with the Celtic "La Tène culture". Image File history File links Flag_of_France. ...
The History of France has been divided into a series of separate historical articles navigable through the list to the right. ...
Ancient history is the study of significant cultural and political events from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. ...
Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...
Gaul in the Roman Empire Roman Gaul consisted of an area of provincial rule in what would become modern day France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and western Germany. ...
For other uses, see Franks (disambiguation). ...
There are other articles with similar names; see Merovingian (disambiguation). ...
This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...
Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ...
The direct Capetian Dynasty followed the Carolingian rulers of France from 987 to 1328. ...
Main articles: France in the Middle Ages and Early Modern France The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ...
Early Modern France is the portion of French history that falls in the early modern period from the end of the 15th century to the end of the 18th century (or from the French Renaissance to the eve of the French Revolution). ...
Main articles: France in the Middle Ages and Early Modern France The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ...
Main articles: France in the Middle Ages and Early Modern France The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ...
This article or section should include material from France: Wars of Religion - Bourbon Dynasty The House of Bourbon dates from at least the beginning of the 13th century, when the estate of Bourbon was ruled by a Lord, vassal of France. ...
The History of France from 1789 to 1914 (the long 19th century) extends from the French Revolution to World War I and includes the periods of the First French Empire, the Restoration under Louis XVIII and Charles X (1814-1830), the July Monarchy under Louis Philippe dOrléans (1830...
The History of France from 1914 to the present, includes the later years of the Third French Republic (1871-1941), the Vichy Regime (1940-1944), the years after Libération (1944-1946), the French Fourth Republic (1946-1958) and the French Fifth Republic (since 1958) and also includes World War...
The French people proclaimed Frances First Republic on 21 September 1792 as a result of the French Revolution and of the abolition of the French monarchy. ...
This article is about a legislative body and constitutional convention during the French Revolution. ...
Executive Directory (in French Directoire exécutif), commonly known as the Directory (or Directoire) held executive power in France from November 2, 1795 until November 10, 1799: following the Convention and preceding the Consulate. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The First French Empire, commonly known as the French Empire or the Napoleonic Empire, covers the period of the domination of France and much of continental Europe by Napoleon I of France. ...
Following the ouster of Napoleon Bonaparte in 1814, the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne. ...
The July Monarchy was established in France with the reign of Louis Philippe of France. ...
The French Second Republic (often simply Second Republic) was the republican government of France between the 1848 Revolution and the coup by Louis Napoleon which initiatied the Second Empire. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
The French Third Republic, (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe République) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Vichy Regime. ...
For other uses of Vichy, see Vichy (disambiguation). ...
Between 1944 and 1946 France was ruled by the Provisional Government of the French Republic (Gouvernement provisoire de la République française). ...
The Provisional Government of the French Republic was an interim government which governed France from 1944 to 1946. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958. ...
The Kingdom of France was organized into provinces until March 4, 1790, when the establishment of the département system superseded provinces. ...
This is a history of the economy of France. ...
Disclaimer: It must be noted that reference to French people as an ethnic group is not present in French official terminology. ...
Henry IV at the Battle of Ivry, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...
Map of the first (light blue) and second (dark blue — plain and hachured) French colonial empires France had colonial possessions, in various forms, from the beginning of the 17th century until the 1960s. ...
The visual and plastic arts of France have had an unprecedented diversity -- from the Gothic cathedral of Chartres to Georges de la Tours night scenes to Monets Waterlilies and finally to Duchamps radical Fontaine -- and have exerted an unparalleled influence on world cultural production. ...
French literature is, generally speaking, literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak other traditional non-French languages. ...
Masterpiece painting by Eugène Delacroix called Liberty Leading the People portrays the July Revolution using the stylistic views of Romanticism. ...
This is a timeline of French history. ...
Genera Subtribe Paninina Pan (chimpanzees) Subtribe Hominina Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that only includes humans (Homo), chimpanzees (Pan), and their extinct ancestors. ...
Stonehenge, England, erected by Neolithic peoples ca. ...
Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...
Celts redirects here. ...
The La Tène culture was an Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland, where a rich trove of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857. ...
The Palaeolithic
France includes Olduwan (Abbevillian) and Acheulean sites from early or non-modern (transitional) Hominini species, most notably Homo erectus and Homo heidelbergensis. Cave sites were exploited for habitation, but the hunter-gatherers of the Palaeolithic also possibly built shelters such as those identified in connection with Acheulean tools at Grotte du Lazaret and Terra Amata near Nice in France. The Lower Paleolithic or Palaeolithic refers to the earliest period of human existence, the first of the three Paleolithic (Stone Age) periods. ...
Chopper with a Simple edge. ...
Abbevillian is the term given by archaeologists to the earliest stone tool industries of Europe and Africa. ...
Acheulean hand-axes from Kent. ...
Genera Subtribe Paninina Pan (chimpanzees) Subtribe Hominina Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that only includes humans (Homo), chimpanzees (Pan), and their extinct ancestors. ...
Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Synonyms †Pithecanthropus erectus †Sinanthropus pekinensis †Javanthropus soloensis †Meganthropus paleojavanicus Homo erectus (upright man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo. ...
Binomial name †Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg Man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo and the direct ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis in Europe. ...
In anthropology, the hunter-gatherer way of life is that led by certain societies of the Neolithic Era based on the exploitation of wild plants and animals. ...
The Grotte du Lazaret (English: Cave of Le Lazaret) is a cave now in the eastern suburbs of the French town of Nice and now overlooking the Mediterranean Sea. ...
Terra Amata is an archaeological site nearFrench town of Nice. ...
City flag City coat of arms Motto: [1] (Latin: Nice the city) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Département Alpes-Maritimes (06) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration Nice Côte dAzur Mayor Jacques Peyrat (UMP) (since 1995...
The Neanderthals, the earliest Homo sapiens to occupy Europe, are thought to have arrived there around 300,000 BC, but seem to have died out by about by 30,000 BC, presumably unable to compete with modern humans during a period of cold weather. Numerous Neanderthal, or "Mousterian", artifacts (named after the type site of Le Moustier, a rock shelter in the Dordogne region of France) have been found from this period, some using the "Levallois technique", a distinctive type of flint knapping developed by hominids during the Lower Palaeolithic but most commonly associated with the Neanderthal industries of the Middle Palaeolithic. In Europe and Africa the Middle Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is the period of the middle Paleolithic (early Stone Age) that lasted between around 120,000 and 40,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ...
Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to style of flint tools (or industry) dating to the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age. ...
In archaeology a type site (also known as a type-site or typesite) is a site that is considered the model of a particular archaeological culture. ...
Le Moustier is a fossilized skull of the species Homo neanderthalensis. ...
Dordogne is a département in central France named after the Dordogne River. ...
The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of flint knapping developed by humans during the Palaeolithic period. ...
Lithic reduction involves the use of a hard hammer percussor, such as a hammerstone, a soft hammer fabricator made of wood, bone or antler, or a wood or antler punch to detach lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone called a lithic core. ...
The Lower Paleolithic or Palaeolithic refers to the earliest period of human existence, the first of the three Paleolithic (Stone Age) periods. ...
The earliest modern humans — Cro-Magnons — entered Europe (including France) around 40,000 years ago during a long interglacial period of particularly mild climate, when Europe was relatively warm, and food was plentiful. When they arrived in Europe, they brought with them sculpture, engraving, painting, body ornamentation, music and the painstaking decoration of utilitarian objects. Some of the oldest works of art in the world, such as the cave paintings at Lascaux in southern France, are datable to shortly after this migration. The Upper Paleolithic or Palaeolithic is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. ...
A Cro-Magnon male skull The Cro-Magnons (IPA: or anglicised IPA: ) form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens, from ca. ...
Glaciation, often called an ice age, is a geological phenomenon in which massive ice sheets form in the Arctic and Antarctic and advance toward the equator. ...
Cave or rock paintings are paintings painted on cave or rock walls and ceilings, usually dating to prehistoric times. ...
Lascaux Lascaux is a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings. ...
European Palaeolithic cultures are divided into several chronological subgroups (the names are all based on French type sites, principally in the Dordogne region) : Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
In archaeology a type site (also known as a type-site or typesite) is a site that is considered the model of a particular archaeological culture. ...
Dordogne is a département in central France named after the Dordogne River. ...
- Périgordian (c. 35,000 - 20,000 BP) - use of this term is debated (the term implies that the following subperiods represent a continuous tradition).
- Châtelperronian (c. 35,000 - 29,000 BP) - culture derived from the earlier, Neanderthal, Mousterian industry as it made use of Levallois cores and represents the period when Neanderthals and modern humans occupied Europe together.
- Aurignacian (c. 34,000 - 23,000 BP) - responsible for Venus figurines, cave paintings at the Chauvet Cave (continued during the Gravettian period).
- Gravettian (c. 28,000 - 22,000 BP) - responsible for Venus figurines, cave paintings at the Cosquer Cave.
- Solutrean (c. 21,000 - 17,00 BP)
- Magdalenian (c. 18,000 - 10,000 BP) - thought to be responsible for the cave paintings at Pech Merle (in the Lot in Languedoc, dating back to 16,000 B.C.), Lascaux (located near the village of Montignac, in the Dordogne, dating back to somewhere between 13,000 and 15,000 B.C., and perhaps as far back as 25,000 B.C.) and the Trois-Frères cave.
Périgordian is a term for several distinct but related Upper Palaeolithic cultures which are thought by some archaeologists to represent a contiguous tradition. ...
Châtelperronian was the earliest industry of the Upper Palaeolithic in central and south western France. ...
Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ...
The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of flint knapping developed by humans during the Palaeolithic period. ...
Aurignacian is the name of a culture of the Upper Palaeolithic present in Europe and south west Asia. ...
External links Venus figures from the Stone Age Images of women in ancient art http://perso. ...
The Chauvet Cave or Chauvet-Pont-dArc Cave is a cave located near Vallon-Pont-dArc, in the Ardèche département, in southern France. ...
The Gravettian was an industry of the European Upper Palaeolithic. ...
External links Venus figures from the Stone Age Images of women in ancient art http://perso. ...
A painted bison from the Cosquer cave The Cosquer cave is located in the Calanque de Morgiou near Marseille, France, not very far from Cap Morgiou. ...
The Solutrean industry was an advanced flint tool making style of the Upper Palaeolithic. ...
The Magdalenian, also spelt Magdalénien, refers to one of the later culture of the Upper Palaeolithic in western Europe. ...
Pech Merle, a hillside opening in the Lot département of Midi-Pyrénées region in France, about 35 minutes drive east of Cahors, is the site of one of the prehistoric cave painting remaining in France, which is open to the general public. ...
Lot is a département in the southwest of France named after the Lot River. ...
Coat of arms of the province of Languedoc, now being used as an official flag by the Midi-Pyrénees region as well as by the city of Toulouse Languedoc (Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc...
Lascaux Lascaux is a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings. ...
Montignac is a town and commune in the Dordogne département of France, situated on the Dordogne River. ...
Dordogne is a département in central France named after the Dordogne River. ...
The Cave of the Trois-Frères, named for the three sons of comte Bégouen who discovered it in 1910 is one of the famous caves in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings, one of which, called The Sorcerer is as familiar as any art in the more...
The Mesolithic From the Paleolithic to the Mesolithic, the Magdalenian culture evolved. In South-West France and Spain, one finds the Azilian culture which co-existed with similar early Mesolithic European cultures such as the Tjongerian of Northern and the Swiderian of North-Eastern Europe. The Azilian culture was followed by the Sauveterrian in Southern France and Switzerland, the Tardenoisian in Northern France, the Maglemosian in Northern Europe. The Mesolithic (Greek mesos=middle and lithos=stone or the Middle Stone Age) was a period in the development of human technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods of the Stone Age. ...
The Azilian is a name given by archaeologists to an industry of the terminal Palaeolithic and early Mesolithic in northern Spain and south western France. ...
The Sauveterrian is the name for an archaeological culture of the European Mesolithic which flourished around 7000-8000 years BC. The name is derived from the type site of Sauveterre le Lémance in the French departement of Lot et Garonne It was focused on Southern France and surrounding areas. ...
The Tardenoisian is an archaeological culture of the Mesolithic period from north-western France and Belgium. ...
Maglemosian is the name given to a culture of the early Mesolithic period in Northern Europe. ...
Archeologists are unsure whether Western Europe saw a Mesolithic immigration. If Neolithic immigrants to Europe were indeed Indo-European, then populations speaking non-Indo-European languages are obvious candidates for Mesolithic remnants. The Vascons (Basques) of the Pyrenees present the strongest case, since their language is related to none other in the world, and the Basque population has a unique genetic profile. Some archeologists however situate the arrival of Vascons in the Neolithic or the Bronze Age. An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ...
For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ...
The Vascons (Latin : Vascones) were an ancient people who, before the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region in what is now Spain, north of the Ebro river (present day Navarre). ...
This article is about the Basque people. ...
Central Pyrenees. ...
The Neolithic
 The Menec alignments, the most well-known megalithic site amongst the Carnac stones. During the Neolithic -- which lasted, in Northern Europe (see Neolithic Europe), around 3000 years (ca. 4500 BC–1700 BC) and which is characterised by the adoption of agriculture (the so-called Neolithic Revolution), the development of pottery and more complex, larger settlements -- there was an expansion of peoples from southwest Asia into Europe; this diffusion across Europe, from the Aegean to Britain, took about 2,500 years (6500 BC - 4000 BC). Many archaeologists believe that this expansion, marking the eclipse of Mesolithic culture, coincided with the introduction of Indo-European speakers, whereas many linguists prefer to see Indo-European languages introduced during the succeeding Bronze Age. By this latter theory (the Kurgan hypothesis), Neolithic peoples in Europe are called "Pre-Indo-Europeans" or "Old Europe". Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 537 KB) Menec Alignment, megalithische Steinreihen bei Carnac, Frankreich Fotograf: Snjeschok, August 2004 Quelle: eigene Aufnahme Aufnahmedaten: Ricoh Caplio G4 Lizenzstatus: GNU FDL File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1280x960, 537 KB) Menec Alignment, megalithische Steinreihen bei Carnac, Frankreich Fotograf: Snjeschok, August 2004 Quelle: eigene Aufnahme Aufnahmedaten: Ricoh Caplio G4 Lizenzstatus: GNU FDL File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects...
The Menec alignments, the most well-known megalithic site amongst the Carnac stones. ...
An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ...
Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th millennium BC Europe in ca. ...
It has been suggested that First agricultural revolution be merged into this article or section. ...
[[Image:Conner- Pottery production is a process by which abody, clay mixed with other minerals, is shaped and allowed to dry. ...
The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ...
The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred related languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many spoken in the Indian subcontinent (South Asia), the Iranian plateau (Southwest Asia), and Central Asia. ...
The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ...
In 1956 Marija Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis combining Kurgan archaeology with linguistics to locate the origins of the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples. ...
The Pre-Indo-European population of Europe included an unknown number of ethnic groups that dwelt on the continent before the coming of the speakers of Indo-European languages (though some scholars dispute the Indo-European invasion theory: see Paleolithic Continuity Theory). ...
Many European Neolithic groups share basic characteristics, such as living in small-scale family-based communities, subsisting on domestic plants and animals supplemented with the collection of wild plant foods and with hunting, and producing hand-made pottery (that is made without the potter's wheel). Archeological sites from the Neolithic in France include artifacts from the Linear Pottery culture (ca. 5500-4500 BC), the Rössen culture (ca. 4500—4000 B.C.), and the Chasséen culture (4,500 - 2,500 BC; named after Chassey-le-Camp in Saône-et-Loire), the name given to the late Neolithic pre-Beaker culture that spread throughout the plains and plateaux of France, including the Seine bassin and the upper Loire valleys. A domestic goat Domestic can refer to: An animal or plant that has been domesticated A domestic worker Something pertaining to home Domestic policy is that policy relevant within a country A lobby term for women or girls This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that...
Classic potters kick-wheel at Erfurt, Germany The potters wheel, also known as the potters lathe, is a machine used in the shaping of round ceramic wares. ...
The Linear Pottery culture or (German) Linearbandkeramik (abbr. ...
Rössen culture, ca. ...
Chasséen culture is the name given to the early pre-Bell beaker archaeological culture of prehistoric France of the late Neolithic (stone age), roughly between 4500 BC and 2500 BC. The name Chasséen derives from the type site near Chassey-le-Camp (Saône-et-Loire; archeological evidence...
Saône-et-Loire is a French département, named after the Saône and the Loire rivers between which it lies. ...
approximate extent of the Beaker culture The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, Beaker people, or Beaker folk, German Glockenbecherkultur), ca. ...
The Seine (pronounced in French) is a major river of north-western France, and one of its commercial waterways. ...
Loire is a département in the east-central part of France occupying the Loire Rivers upper reaches. ...
"Armorican" (Brittany) and Northern French neolithic culture is based on traditions of the Linear Pottery culture or "Limburg pottery" in association with the La Hoguette culture. The Linear Pottery culture or (German) Linearbandkeramik (abbr. ...
La Hoguette is a commune of the département of Calvados, in the Basse-Normandie région, in France. ...
It is most likely from the Neolithic that date the megalithic (large stone) monuments, such as the dolmens, menhirs, stone circles and chamber tombs, found throughout France, the largest selection of which are in the Brittany and Auvergne regions. The most famous of these are the Carnac stones (ca. 3300 BC, but may date to as old as 4500 BC) and the stones at Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens. Megalithic tomb, Mane Braz, Brittany A megalith is a large stone which has been used to construct a structure or monument either alone or with other stones. ...
Poulnabrone dolmen in County Clare, Ireland For the french TV miniseries, see Dolmen (TV miniseries). ...
A menhir is a large, single upright standing stone (monolith or megalith), of prehistoric European origin. ...
Swinside stone circle, in the Lake District, England. ...
A chamber tomb is a tomb for burial used in many different cultures. ...
Brittany has a spectacular coastline Flag of Brittany (Gwenn-ha-du) Historical province of Brittany région of Bretagne, see Bretagne. ...
Capital Clermont-Ferrand Area 26,013 km² Regional President Pierre-Joël Bonté (PS) (since 2004) Population - 2004 estimate - 1999 census - Density (Ranked 19th) 1,327,000 1,308,878 51/km² (2004) Arrondissements 14 Cantons 158 Communes 1,310 Départements Allier Cantal Haute-Loire Puy-de-Dôme...
The Menec alignments, the most well-known megalithic site amongst the Carnac stones. ...
Saint-Sulpice-de-Faleyrens is a commune of the Gironde département in France. ...
The Copper Age During the Chalcolithic ("Copper Age") a transitional age from the Neolithic to the Bronze Age, France shows evidence of the Seine-Oise-Marne culture and the Beaker culture. The Chalcolithic (Greek khalkos + lithos copper stone) period, also known as the Eneolithic (Aeneolithic) or Copper Age period, is a phase in the development of human culture in which the use of early metal tools appeared alongside the use of stone tools. ...
The Seine-Oise-Marne culture or "SOM culture" (ca. 3100 BC to 2000 BC) is the name given by archaeologists to the final culture of the Neolithic in Northern France around the Oise River and Marne River. It is most famous for its gallery grave megalithic tombs which incorporate a port-hole slab separating the entrance from the main burial chamber. In the chalk valley of the Marne River rock-cut tombs were dug to a similar design. The Seine-Oise-Marne or SOM culture is the name given by archaeologists to the final culture of the Neolithic and first culture of the Chalcolithic in northern France. ...
An array of Neolithic artifacts, including bracelets, axe heads, chisels, and polishing tools Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae Scotland, Europes most complete Neolithic village. ...
The Oise river is a tributary of the Seine River in France. ...
The Marne is a river in France, a tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. ...
A Gallery grave, also known as an Allée couverte tomb is a form of Megalithic chamber tomb where there is no divide between the burial chamber itself and the entrance passage. ...
Large T shaped Hunebed D27 in Borger-Odoorn, Netherlands. ...
In megalithic archaeology a port-hole slab is the name of an orthostat with a hole in it sometimes found forming the entrance to a chamber tomb. ...
The Needles, part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation. ...
The Marne is a river in France, a tributary of the Seine in the area east and southeast of Paris. ...
The Beaker culture (ca. 2800 – 1900 B.C.) is a neolithic-to-bronze age transitional group which expanded over most of France, excluding the Massif Central. approximate extent of the Beaker culture The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, Beaker people, or Beaker folk, German Glockenbecherkultur), ca. ...
France, viewed from the NASA Shuttle Topography Radar Mission. ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the second half European Middle Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian and Mediterranean expansion (c. ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the second half European Middle Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian and Mediterranean expansion (c. ...
(6th millennium BC – 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – other millennia) Events 4860 BC - Mount Mazama in Oregon collapses, forming a caldera that later fills with water and becomes Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. ...
(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the European Late Neolithic (c. ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the European Late Neolithic (c. ...
(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ...
(36th century BC - 35th century BC - 34th century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events ? - Formation of the Sahara Desert 3450 (?) - Stage IId of the Naqada culture in Egypt Significant persons Inventions, discoveries, introductions ? _ Irrigation in Egypt ? - First use of Cuneiform (script) Categories...
Image File history File links Beaker_culture. ...
Image File history File links Beaker_culture. ...
approximate extent of the Beaker culture The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, Beaker people, or Beaker folk, German Glockenbecherkultur), ca. ...
The Bronze Age The early Bronze age archeological cultures in France include the transitional Beaker culture (ca. 2800 – 1900 B.C.), the Tumulus culture (ca. 1600-1200 B.C.) and Urnfield culture (ca. 1300-800 B.C.). Bronze Age sites in Brittany are believed to have grown out of Beaker roots, with some Wessex culture and Unetice culture influence. Some scholars think that the Urnfield culture represents an origin for the Celts as a distinct cultural branch of the Indo-European family (see Proto-Celtic). This culture was preeminent in central Europe during the late Bronze Age; the Urnfield period saw a dramatic increase in population in the region, probably due to innovations in technology and agricultural practices. The Bronze Age is a period in a civilizations development when the most advanced metalworking has developed the techniques of smelting copper from natural outcroppings and alloys it to cast bronze. ...
approximate extent of the Beaker culture The Bell-Beaker culture (sometimes shortened to Beaker culture, Beaker people, or Beaker folk, German Glockenbecherkultur), ca. ...
The Tumulus culture which followed the Únêtice, and from which they descended, dominated central Europe during much of the second part of the second millenium B.C.E.. As the name implies, the Tumulus culture is distinguished by the practice of burying the dead beneath burial mounds. ...
The Urnfield culture of central European culture is dated roughly between 1300 BC and 750 BC. The name describes the custom of cremating the dead and placing them in cemeteries. ...
The Wessex culture is a name given to the predominant prehistoric culture of southern Britain during the early Bronze Age. ...
Unetice, or more properly UÌnÄ›tice, culture, (German: Aunjetitz) is the name given to an early Bronze Age culture, preceded by the Beaker culture and followed by the Tumulus culture. ...
Proto-Celtic, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. ...
Some archeologists situate the arrival of several non-Indo-European peoples to this period, including the Iberians in southern France and Spain, the Ligures on the Mediterranean coast, and the Vascons (Basque) in south-west France and Spain. Image File history File links Cultures,_1200_BC.PNG‎ A simplified map of the central European cultures, ca 1200 BC. The purple area is the Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield...
Image File history File links Cultures,_1200_BC.PNG‎ A simplified map of the central European cultures, ca 1200 BC. The purple area is the Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield...
(Redirected from 1200 BC) Centuries: 14th century BC - 13th century BC - 12th century BC Decades: 1250s BC 1240s BC 1230s BC 1220s BC 1210s BC - 1200s BC - 1190s BC 1180s BC 1170s BC 1160s BC 1150s BC Events and Trends 1204 BC - Theseus, legendary King of Athens is deposed after...
A simplified map of the central European cultures, ca 1200 BC. The purple area is the Lusatian culture, the central blue area is the Knoviz culture, the red area is the central urnfield culture, and the orange area is the northern urnfield culture. ...
This is an article about the Danubian Neolithic culture For the River Danube go to Danube River The term Danubian culture was coined by the Australian archaeologist Vere Gordon Childe for the first agrarian society in central and eastern Europe. ...
A simplified map showing the Terramare culture c 1200 BC (blue area). ...
Map of the Nordic Bronze Age culture, ca 1200 BC The Nordic Bronze Age (also Northern Bronze Age) is the name given by Oscar Montelius (1843-1921) to a period and a Bronze Age culture in Scandinavian pre-history, ca 1800 BC - 600 BC, with sites that reached as far...
The Lady of Baza, made by Iberians The Iberians were an ancient, Pre-Indo-European people who inhabited the east and southeast of the Iberian Peninsula in prehistoric and historic times. ...
The Ligures (Ligurians) were an ancient people who gave their name to Liguria, which once stretched from Northern Italy into southern Gaul. ...
Composite satellite image of the Mediterranean Sea. ...
The Vascons (Latin : Vascones) were an ancient people who, before the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region in what is now Spain, north of the Ebro river (present day Navarre). ...
Basque may refer to: Look up Basque in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The Iron Age The spread of iron-working led to the development of the Hallstatt culture (ca. 700 to 500 BC) directly from the Urnfield. Proto-Celtic, the latest common ancestor of all known Celtic languages, is considered by this school of thought to have been spoken at the time of the late Urnfield or early Hallstatt cultures, in the early first millennium BC. Iron Age Axe found on Gotland This article is about the archaeological period known as the Iron Age, for the mythological Iron Age see Iron Age (mythology). ...
The Hallstatt culture was the predominant Central European culture during the local Bronze Age, and introduced the Iron Age. ...
Centuries: 9th century BC - 8th century BC - 7th century BC Decades: 750s BC 740s BC 730s BC 720s BC 710s BC - 700s BC - 690s BC 680s BC 670s BC 660s BC 650s BC Events and Trends 708 BC - Spartan immigrants found Taras (Tarentum, the modern Taranto) colony in southern Italy. ...
Centuries: 7th century BC - 6th century BC - 5th century BC Decades: 550s BC - 540s BC - 530s BC - 520s BC - 510s BC - 500s BC - 490s BC - 480s BC - 470s BC - 460s BC - 450s BC Events and Trends 509 BC - Foundation of the Roman Republic 508 BC - Office of pontifex maximus created...
Proto-Celtic, also called Common Celtic, is the putative ancestor of all the known Celtic languages. ...
(2nd millennium BC – 1st millennium BC – 1st millennium AD – other millennia) Events The Iron Age began in Western Europe Egypt declined as a major power The Tanakh was written Buddhism was founded Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon and created the Persian Empire (6th century BC) Sparta and...
The Hallstatt culture was succeeded by the La Tène culture, which developed out of the Hallstatt culture without any definite cultural break, under the impetus of considerable Mediterranean influence from Greek, and later Etruscan civilizations. The La Tène culture developed and flourished during the late Iron Age (from 450 BC to the Roman conquest in the 1st century BC) in eastern France, Switzerland, Austria, southwest Germany, the Czech Republic, and Hungary. Farther to the north extended the contemporary Pre-Roman Iron Age culture of Northern Germany and Scandinavia. The La Tène culture was an Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland, where a rich trove of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857. ...
Map showing the extent of the Etruscan civilization and the twelve Etruscan League cities. ...
(2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC. An alternative name for this century is the last century BC. The AD/BC notation does not use a year zero. ...
A map of the area covered by the Pre-Roman Iron Age, ca 500 BC-1 AD The Pre-Roman Iron Age (also called the Celtic Iron Age) (ca 600 BC or 500 BC - ca 1 AD) designates the earliest part (i. ...
 The green area suggests a possible extent of (proto-)Celtic influence around 1000 BC. The orange area shows the region of birth of the La Tène style. The red area indicates an idea of the possible region of Celtic influence around 400 BC. In addition, Greeks and Phoenicians settled outposts like Marseille in this period (ca. 600 BC). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...
(Redirected from 1000 BC) Centuries: 12th century BC - 11th century BC - 10th century BC Decades: 1050s BC 1040s BC 1030s BC 1020s BC 1010s BC - 1000s BC - 990s BC 980s BC 970s BC 960s BC 950s BC Events and Trends 1006 BC - David becomes king of the ancient Israelites (traditional...
The La Tène culture was an Iron Age culture named after the archaeological site of La Tène on the north side of Lake Neuchatel in Switzerland, where a rich trove of artifacts was discovered by Hansli Kopp in 1857. ...
The Celtics claim Vienna, Austria. ...
Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in the north of ancient Canaan, with its heartland along the coastal plain of what is now Lebanon and Syria. ...
City flag Coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, Marseille shines in the world Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Department Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) Intercommunality Urban Community of Marseille Provence...
By the second century BC, Celtic France was called Gaul by the Romans, the people to the north (in what is present-day Belgium) were called Belgae (scholars believe this may represent a mixture of Celtic and Germanic elements) and the peoples of the south-west of France were called the Aquitani by the Romans, and may have been Celtiberians or Vascons. Map of Gaul circa 58 BC Gaul (Latin: ) was the name given, in ancient times, to the region of Western Europe comprising present-day northern Italy, France, Belgium, western Switzerland and the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the west bank of the Rhine river. ...
The Belgae were a group of nations or tribes living in north-eastern Gaul, on the west bank of the Rhine, in the 1st century BC, and later also attested in Britain. ...
The Aquitanii (Latin for Aquitanians) were a people of horsemen living in what is now SW France, between the Pyrenees and the Garonne. ...
The Celtiberians (or Celt-Iberians) were a Celtic people living in the Iberian Peninsula, chiefly in what is now north central Spain and northern Portugal, before and during the Roman Empire. ...
The Vascons (Latin : Vascones) were an ancient people who, before the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region in what is now Spain, north of the Ebro river (present day Navarre). ...
Timeline Prehistoric and Iron Age France - all dates are BC - 1,800,000: Appearance of stone tools (possibly by Homo erectus) in France (Chilhac, Haute-Loire).
- 900,000: Beginning of Günz glaciation.
- 700,000: Oldest shaped tools in Brittany.
- 600,000: Beginning of Günz-Mindel interglacial. Appearance of Homo heidelbergensis in Europe.
- 450,000: "Tautavel man" (possibly Homo heidelbergensis).
- 410,000: Beginning of Mindel glaciation (Mindel I). Abbevillian culture, taming of fire.
- 400,000: Mindel II. Shards of "proto-Levallois" tools.
- 380,000: Terra Amata (Nice).
- 300,000: Beginning of Mindel-Riss interglacial.
- 300,000: Appearance of Neanderthals in Europe.
- 200,000: Beginning of Riss glaciation (Riss I).
- 190,000: Riss II.
- 140,000: Riss III.
- 130,000: Beginning of Riss-Würm interglacial.
- 70,000: Beginning of Würm glaciation.
- 62,000: Würm I/II interglacial.
- 57,000: Brorup interglacial.
- 55,000: Würm II.
- 40,000: Laufen interglacial. Arrival of first modern humans (Cro-Magnons) in Europe.
- 35,000: Würm IIIa. Châtelperronian culture.
- 33,000: Mask of la Roche-Cotard, a Mousterian artefact.
- 32,000: Aurignacian culture.
- 30,000: First statuettes and engravings in France. Disappearance of Neanderthals.
- 28,000: Arcy interglacial.
- 27,500: Würm IIIb.
- 25,000: Paudorf interglacial.
- 23,000: Würm IIIc.
- 18,000: End of Würm glaciation.
- 18,692: Beginning of Solutrean culture.
- 16,000: Cold spell (Oldest Dryas).
- 15,000: Magdalenian culture.
- 15,300: Lascaux.
- 14,500: Middle Magdalenian. Bølling Oscillation.
- 14,100: Cold spell (Older Dryas).
- 14,000: Allerød Oscillation.
- 13,500: Upper Magdalenian.
- 10,300: Cold spell (Younger Dryas).
- 9500: Beginning of Holocene.
- 7000: Domestication of the sheep.
- 6900: Domestication of the dog.
- 4800: Appearance of Linear Pottery culture in France.
- 4650: Oldest neolithic village in France, Courthézon in the Vaucluse.
- 4000: Neolithic Chasséen culture village of Bercy.
- 3610: Appearance of first megaliths in France.
- 3430: Chasséen culture village of Saint-Michel du Touch near Toulouse.
- 3430: Appearance of Rössen culture at Baume de Gonvilla in Haute-Saône.
- 3250: Expansion of Chasséen culture in the south of France, from the Lot to the Vaucluse.
- 3190: Chasséen culture in Calvados.
- 2530: Chasséen culture in Pas-de-Calais.
- 2450: End of Chasséen culture in Eure-et-Loire.
- 2400: End of Chasséen culture in Saint-Mitre (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence).
- 2300: Village at Ponteau (Provence) of the Beaker culture.
- 1800: Beginning of Bronze Age in France.
- 800: Appearance in France, via the Rhine and the Moselle, and expaning into Champagne and Bourgogne of the Urnfield culture.
- 725: Beginning of Hallstatt culture.
- 680: Founding of Antibes, the first Greek colony in France.
- 600: Founding of Massalia (future Marseille) by the Greeks from the Ionian city of Phocaea[1].
- 450: The Celts of la Tène appear in Champagne. They expand to the Garonne, forming what will come to be called the Gaul civilization.
- 390: The Celtic chief Brennus sacks Rome.
- 121: Roman occupation of Gallia Narbonensis.
- 118: Founding of the Roman colony Narbo Martius (future Narbonne).
- 58-51: Conquest of Gaul by Julius Ceasar.
Binomial name †Homo erectus (Dubois, 1892) Synonyms †Pithecanthropus erectus †Sinanthropus pekinensis †Javanthropus soloensis †Meganthropus paleojavanicus Homo erectus (upright man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo. ...
Haute-Loire is a département in south-central France named after the Loire River. ...
The Beestonian stage is the name for an early Pleistocene glacial stage used in the British Isles. ...
The Cromerian interglacial is a name for an interglacial period which occurred between 700,000 and 450,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name †Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg Man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo and the direct ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis in Europe. ...
Binomial name †Homo heidelbergensis Schoetensack, 1908 Homo heidelbergensis (Heidelberg Man) is an extinct species of the genus Homo and the direct ancestor of Homo neanderthalensis in Europe. ...
The Kansan Glaciation (known in UK as the Anglian Glaciation and sometimes referred to as the Illinoian Glaciation, Elster glaciation in northern Europe and the Mindel glaciation in the Alps) was a very severe glacial period in the Pleistocene. ...
Abbevillian is the term given by archaeologists to the earliest stone tool industries of Europe and Africa. ...
Fire is a self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by heat and light in the form of a glow or flames. ...
Terra Amata is an archaeological site nearFrench town of Nice. ...
City flag City coat of arms Motto: [1] (Latin: Nice the city) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Région Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Département Alpes-Maritimes (06) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration Nice Côte dAzur Mayor Jacques Peyrat (UMP) (since 1995...
The Hoxnian interglacial is a name for an interglacial period which occurred between 300,000 and 200,000 years ago. ...
Binomial name †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ...
The Wolstonian glaciation is a name for an ice age period which occurred between 200,000 and 125,000 years ago. ...
Two ice core temperature records; the Eemian is at a depth of about 1500-1800 meters in the lower graph The Eemian interglacial era (known as the Sangamon interglacial in North America, the Ipswichian interglacial in the UK, and the Riss-Würm interglacial in the Alps) is the second...
The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) and Würm glaciation (in the Alps) are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene, which ended around 10,000 BC. The general glacial advance began about 70,000 BC, and reached its maximum...
A Cro-Magnon male skull The Cro-Magnons (IPA: or anglicised IPA: ) form the earliest known European examples of Homo sapiens, from ca. ...
Châtelperronian was the earliest industry of the Upper Palaeolithic in central and south western France. ...
The Mask of la Roche-Cotard is a Mousterian artifact, found in 2002 in the entrance of la Roche-Cotard on the banks of the Loire River, dating back to about 33,000 BCE. The artifact, created by Neanderthal man, is a piece of flat flint that has been shaped...
Aurignacian is the name of a culture of the Upper Palaeolithic present in Europe and south west Asia. ...
Binomial name †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ...
The Wisconsin (in North America), Weichsel (in Scandinavia), Devensian (in the British Isles), Midlandian (in Ireland) and Würm glaciation (in the Alps) are the most recent glaciations of the Pleistocene, which ended around 10,000 BC. The general glacial advance began about 70,000 BC, and reached its maximum...
The Solutrean industry was an advanced flint tool making style of the Upper Palaeolithic. ...
The Oldest Dryas is a climatic period, which occurred during the coldest stadial after the Weichselian glaciation in north Europe. ...
The Magdalenian, also spelt Magdalénien, refers to one of the later culture of the Upper Palaeolithic in western Europe. ...
Lascaux Lascaux is a complex of caves in southwestern France famous for its cave paintings. ...
The Bølling Oscillation was a brief warm period that occurred during the final stages of the last glaciation of Europe. ...
The Older Dryas was a cold, dry Blytt-Sernander period and pollen zone of North Europe dated to roughly 14,000-13,600 BP calibrated, 12,000-11,700 uncalibrated. ...
The Allerød period is a part of a temperature oscillation towards the end of the last Ice Age in Europe, where temperatures in the Northern Atlantic region rose from glacial to almost present day level in the Bølling and Allerød periods and returned to glacial levels in...
Three temperature records, the GRIP one clearly showing the Younger Dryas event at around 11 kyr BP The Younger Dryas stadial, named after the alpine / tundra wildflower Dryas octopetala, and also referred to as the Big Freeze [1], was a brief (approximately 1300 ± 70 years [1]) cold climate period following...
The Holocene epoch is a geological period that extends from the present day back to about 10,000 radiocarbon years, approximately 11,430 ± 130 calendar years BP (between 9560 and 9300 BC). ...
Species See text. ...
Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ...
The Linear Pottery culture or (German) Linearbandkeramik (abbr. ...
Courthézon is a commune of the Vaucluse département in southern France. ...
The Vaucluse is a département in the southeast of France. ...
Chasséen culture is the name given to the early pre-Bell beaker archaeological culture of prehistoric France of the late Neolithic (stone age), roughly between 4500 BC and 2500 BC. The name Chasséen derives from the type site near Chassey-le-Camp (Saône-et-Loire; archeological evidence...
Bercy is an area in the east of the city of Paris, France, north of the river Seine. ...
Megalithic tomb, Mane Braz, Brittany Bronze age wedge tomb in the Burren area of Ireland A megalith is a large stone which has been used to construct a structure or monument either alone or with other stones. ...
Chasséen culture is the name given to the early pre-Bell beaker archaeological culture of prehistoric France of the late Neolithic (stone age), roughly between 4500 BC and 2500 BC. The name Chasséen derives from the type site near Chassey-le-Camp (Saône-et-Loire; archeological evidence...
New city flag (Occitan cross) Traditional coat of arms Motto: (Occitan: For Toulouse, always more) Location Coordinates Time Zone CET (GMT +1) Administration Country France Region Midi-Pyrénées Department Haute-Garonne (31) Intercommunality Community of Agglomeration of Greater Toulouse Mayor Jean-Luc Moudenc (UMP) (since 2004) City Statistics...
Rössen culture, ca. ...
Haute-Saône is a French département, named after the Saône River. ...
Chasséen culture is the name given to the early pre-Bell beaker archaeological culture of prehistoric Franc |
