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Prehistoric Romania is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area encompassing present-day Romania, which extended through prehistory, and ended when the first written records appeared. Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ...
This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ...
Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now...
The provinces of the Roman Empire in 120, with Dacia highlighted. ...
This article (also known as Romania in the Dark Ages) treats the history of Romania and of the Romanian people, and refers to the time period roughly from the 5th century to the 10th century, that is between the Hunnic invasion, to the last phase of the Age of Migrations. ...
// Main article: Romania in the Dark Ages The Dark Ages in what is now Romania ended around the 11th century, following the period in which the Romanian lands had been part of the First Bulgarian Empire (802-1018). ...
It has been suggested that Byzantium after Byzantium be merged into this article or section. ...
During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were in the situation of being second-class citizens (or even non-citizens) in their own country. ...
Regulamentul Organic (-Romanian name, translated as Organic Statute or Organic Regulation; French: Règlement Organique, Russian: OрганичеÑкий регламент, Organichesky reglament)[1] was a quasi-constitutional organic law enforced in 1831-1832 by the Imperial Russian authorities in Moldavia and Wallachia (the two Danubian Principalities that were to become the basis of...
From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ...
Greater Romania (1920 - 1940) Greater Romania (România Mare) generally refers to the territory of Romania in the years between the First and Second World Wars, the greatest territorial exent of a united country of ethnic Romanians, on historically Romanian lands. ...
After a brief period of nominal neutrality, Romania joined the Axis Powers in June 1941, under the government of Ion Antonescu. ...
The Soviets pressed for inclusion of Romanias heretofore negligible Communist Party in the post-war government, while non-communist political leaders were steadily eliminated from political life. ...
The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ...
1989 marked the Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. ...
Genera Subtribe Paninina Pan (chimpanzees) Subtribe Hominina Homo (humans) Paranthropus (extinct) Australopithecus (extinct) Sahelanthropus (extinct) Orrorin (extinct) Ardipithecus (extinct) Kenyanthropus (extinct) Hominini is the tribe of Homininae that only includes humans (Homo), chimpanzees (Pan), and their extinct ancestors. ...
Stonehenge, England, erected by Neolithic peoples ca. ...
The Palaeolithic The Romanian paleolithic is divided into five phases: Proto-Paleolithic, Lower Paleolithic, Middle Paleolithic, Upper Pelolithic and Epipaleolithic. The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (Greek παλαιός paleos=old and λίθος lithos=stone or the Old Stone Age) was the first period in the development of human technology of the Stone Age. ...
Protopaleolithic The Romanian Protopaleolithic (circa 2,000,000/1,800,000 - 700,000) is marked by the appearance of the first carved tools, the so-called "Pebble culture" (Cultură de prund in Romanian). These tools have been atributed to the Homo habilis hominid type. Binomial name †Homo habilis Leakey et al, 1964 Homo habilis (IPA ) (handy man, skillful person) is a species of the genus Homo, which lived from approximately 2. ...
Lower Paleolithic The Romanian Lower Paleolithic (circa 700,000 - 120,000) is characterised by the appearance of two distinct carved tools: the bi-facial stone axe (chopping tools; at first, the Abbevillian, later Clactonian type), and the stone chip (at first, Acheulean, later the Levalloisian type). These tools were attributed to the Pithecantropus erectus hominid species. Of major importance was the discovery of several fireplaces. This the first ever prove of the hominid's ability to control fire in what today is Romania. Ancient stone tools Flint tools were made by stone age peoples worldwide. ...
Abbevillian is the term given by archaeologists to the earliest stone tool industries of Europe and Africa. ...
The Clactonian is the name given by archaeologists to an industry of European flint tool manufacture which dates to the early part of the interglacial period known as the Hoxnian, the Mindell-Riss or the Holstein interglacial (300,000-200,000 years ago). ...
Acheulean hand-axes from Kent. ...
The Levallois technique is a name given by archaeologists to a distinctive type of flint knapping developed by humans during the Palaeolithic period. ...
A natural gas fireplace with a burning fire. ...
Just-lit match Fire is a self-sustaining oxidation process accompanied by heat and light in the form of a glow or flames. ...
Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic in Romania (circa 120,000 - 35,000) is characterised by the persistence of the Mousterian culture. During this time, the stone tools start to differenced according to their function, and the first bone tools appear. These products have been attributed to the Neanderthals. Mousterian is a name given by archaeologists to style of flint tools (or industry) dating to the Palaeolithic or Old Stone Age. ...
Bone tools have been documented from the advent of Homo Sapiens and are also known from Homo Neanderthalis contexts. ...
Binomial name †Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 Synonyms Palaeoanthropus neanderthalensis The Neanderthal (IPA pronunciation: ), (Homo neanderthalensis) or Neandertal was a species of the Homo genus that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia. ...
Upper Paleolithic In 2002, the oldest modern human (Homo sapiens sapiens) remains in Europe, have been discovered in the "Cave With Bones" (Peştera cu Oase), near Anina. [1] Nicknamed "John of Anina" (Ion din Anina), his remains (the lower jaw) are approximately 42,000 years old. Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...
Peştera cu Oase (The Cave with Bones) is a system of 12 karstic galleries and chambers located N. 45° 01’; E. 21° 50’ in south-western Romania, where the oldest modern human remains in Europe have been discovered. ...
Anina is a town in southwestern Romania (Caras-Severin county); Population: 10,886 (2000). ...
As the Europe’s oldest remains of Homo sapiens, they are likely to represent the first such people to have entered the continent. [2] The particular interest of the discovery resides in the fact that it presents a mixture of archaic, early modern human and Neandertal morphological features, [3] indicating considerable Neandertal/modern human admixture, [4] which in turn suggests that already on their arrival in Europe, modern humans met, intermixed and interbred with Neanderthals. Human beings are defined variously in biological, spiritual, and cultural terms, or in combinations thereof. ...
Binomial name Homo neanderthalensis King, 1864 The Neanderthal or Neandertal was a species of genus Homo (Homo neanderthalensis) that inhabited Europe and parts of western Asia from about 230,000 to 29,000 years ago (in the Middle Palaeolithic, early Stone Age). ...
A second expedition by Erik Trinkaus and Ricardo Rodrigo, discovered further fragments (for example, a skull dated ~36,000, nicknamed "Vasile"). Erik Trinkaus is a prominent paleoanthropologist and expert on Neanderthal biology and evolution. ...
- Balkan Transition to the Upper Palaeolithic
The Mesolithic
The Neolithic
 "The Thinker" and "The Sitting woman" of Hamangia Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the second half European Middle Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian and Mediterranean expansion (c. ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the second half European Middle Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian and Mediterranean expansion (c. ...
(6th millennium BC – 5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – other millennia) Events 4860 BC - Mount Mazama in Oregon collapses, forming a caldera that later fills with water and becomes Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. ...
(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the European Late Neolithic (c. ...
Download high resolution version (1320x663, 100 KB)Map of the European Late Neolithic (c. ...
(5th millennium BC – 4th millennium BC – 3rd millennium BC - other millennia) Events City of Ur in Mesopotamia (40th century BC). ...
(36th century BC - 35th century BC - 34th century BC - other centuries) (5th millennium BC - 4th millennium BC - 3rd millennium BC) Events ? - Formation of the Sahara Desert 3450 (?) - Stage IId of the Naqada culture in Egypt Significant persons Inventions, discoveries, introductions ? _ Irrigation in Egypt ? - First use of Cuneiform (script) Categories...
Hamangia The Thinker This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
Hamangia The Thinker This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...
The StarÄevo-Körös culture is the name given by archaeologists to a widespread early Neolithic archaeological culture from Eastern Europe and the Balkans. ...
The DudeÅŸti culture is an farming / herding culture occupied part of Romania in the 6th millenium BC, typified by underground habitations on the edges of low plateaus. ...
The Cucuteni culture (also Cucuteni-Tripolie, after the Romanian Cucuteni and the Ukrainian Trypillia villages) is an early 5th millennium BC neolithic culture of Central Europe, in the area of modern-day Romania, Moldova, and Ukraine, in the Dniestr-Dnjepr region. ...
Hamangia was a prehistoric culture in Dobrogea, including the Danube area, noted for their work with ceramics. ...
Map of European Neolithic at the apogee of Danubian expansion, c. ...
One of the Tartaria tablets The three Tărtăria tablets are probably amulets or votive tablets, which bear incised symbols that are believed by some to be a very early form of writing. ...
Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ...
Chalcholitic
The Bronze Age
The Thracians -
From this mix of native neolithic populations, and the invading Indo-Europeans, a new ethnos emergerd, the Thracians. Thracian peltast, 5th to 4th century BC Thracian Horseman Thracians in an ethnic sense refers to various ancient peoples who spoke Dacian and Thracian, a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family. ...
Thracian peltast, 5th to 4th century BC Thracian Horseman Thracians in an ethnic sense refers to various ancient peoples who spoke Dacian and Thracian, a scarcely attested branch of the Indo-European language family. ...
The Iron Age By the sixth century BC, the first written sources dealing with this territory appear from Greek sources. By this time, from the Thracian-speaking populations, the Getae (and later the Daci) branched out. The Getae was the name by which the pre-Roman ancient writers reffered to the tribes that will become the later Dacians. ...
Alternate meanings: see Dacia (disambiguation) Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci or Getae, was a large district of Central Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa (Tisza river, in Hungary), on the east by...
Timeline
See also
< | History of Romania | Dacia > There have been four major periods of glaciation in the Earths past. ...
Map showing the Neolithic expansions from the 7th to the 5th millennium BC Europe in ca. ...
The Pre-Indo-European population of Europe included an unknown number of ethnic groups that dwelt on the continent before the coming of the speakers of Indo-European languages (though some scholars dispute the Indo-European invasion theory: see Paleolithic Continuity Theory). ...
For the language group see Indo-European languages; for other uses see Indo-European (disambiguation) Indo-Europeans are speakers of Indo-European languages. ...
The Thracian language was the Indo-European language spoken in ancient times by the Thracians in South-Eastern Europe. ...
This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ...
Dacia, in ancient geography the land of the Daci, named by the ancient Greeks Getae, was a large district of Southeastern Europe, bounded on the north by the Carpathians, on the south by the Danube, on the west by the Tisa, on the east by the Tyras or Nistru, now...
References and footnotes - Inline
- ^ Trinkaus, E., Milota, Ş., Rodrigo, R., Gherase, M., Moldovan, O. (2003), Early Modern Human Cranial remains from the Peştera cu Oase, Romania in Journal of Human Evolution, 45, pp. 245 –253, [1]
- ^ João Zilhão, (2006), Neandertals and Moderns Mixed and It Matters, in Evolutionary Anthropology, 15:183–195, p.185
- ^ Trinkaus, E., Moldovan, O., Milota, Ş., Bîlgăr, A., Sarcina, L., Athreya, S., Bailey, S.E., Rodrigo, R., Gherase, M., Hilgham, T., Bronk Ramsey, C., & Van Der Plicht, J. ( 2003), An early modern human from Peştera cu Oase, Romania. Proceedings of the National Acadademy of Science U.S.A., 100(20), pp. 11231–11236
- ^ Andrei Soficaru, Adrian Dobo and Erik Trinkaus, (2006), Early modern humans from the Pe tera Muierii, Baia de Fier, Romania, Proceedings of the National Acadademy of Science U.S.A., 103(46), pp. 17196-17201
- General
- Alexandru Păunescu, Evoluţia istorică pe teritoriul României din paleolitic până la inceputul Neoliticului, SCIVA, 31, 1980, 4, p.519-545.
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