Stone age rock shelters with paintings at Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh constitute the earliest known traces of human life in India.
See: Main article: Vedic Civilisation
Main article: Indus Valley Civilisation
As this Segment of history is rather controversial, it is rather easier to deal this segment of history in more detailed individuality as a combination of therories prevail.
The first millennium saw many highly developed independent kingdoms some of which acquired imperial stature. Arts, mathematics, engineering, astrology and philosophy all flourished under the patronage of kings. Trade was conducted with Central, East, West Asia and Africa. The religions of Jainism and Buddhism were conceived. In 326 BC, Alexander the Great conquered parts of north-western India. The Mauryas, Guptas and Ashoka were some of the monarchs of early India. (Full Article: Early India)
The early Neolithic is represented by the Mehrgarh culture of the 7th Millennium BCE, in northwest India.
The ports of southern India were involved in the Indian Ocean trade, chiefly involving spices, with the Roman Empire to the west and Southeast Asia to the east.
In 1971 India annexed the semi-independent principality of Sikkim.
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