NationMaster - Encyclopedia: President George H.W. Bush

George Herbert Walker Bush (born June 12, 1924) was the 41st President of the United States, serving from 1989 to 1993. Before his presidency, Bush was the 43rd Vice President of the United States in the administration of Ronald Reagan. He has also served as the member of the United States House of Representatives for the 7th district of Texas (1967–1971), the United States Ambassador to the United Nations (1971–1973), Chairman of the Republican National Committee (1973–1974), Chief of the United States Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China (1974–1976), and Director of Central Intelligence (1976–1977). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (2072x2392, 584 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): George H. W. Bush List of Presidents of the United States ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... James Danforth Quayle III (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... Order: 42nd President Term of Office: January 20, 1993–January 20, 2001 Preceded by: George H. W. Bush Succeeded by: George W. Bush Date of birth: August 19, 1946 Place of birth: Hope, Arkansas Date of death: Place of death: First Lady: Hillary Rodham Clinton Political party: Democratic Vice... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... James Danforth Quayle III (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Milton is a suburban Boston town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. ... White House Portrait Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8, 1925) is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, and was First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993. ... The arms of the Episcopal Church are based on the St Georges Cross, a symbol of England (mother of world Anglicanism), with a saltire reminiscent of the Cross of St Andrew in the canton in reference to the historical origins of the American episcopate in the Scottish Episcopal Church. ... Image File history File links George_Bush_signature. ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. ... The current boundaries of Texas District 7. ... United States Ambassador to the United Nations, full title, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations (also known as the... Bush/Cheney, 2004 campaign manager Ken Mehlman is the current chairman of the RNC. The Republican National Committee (RNC) provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. ... The Ambassador to China is the chief American diplomat to China. ... The Office of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was established on January 23rd 1946 with Adm. ...

Bush is the son of Prescott Bush, who served in the United States Senate from 1953 to 1963. He is the father of George W. Bush, the 43rd and current President of the United States, and Jeb Bush, the 43rd Governor of Florida. He is the oldest living United States president. Prescott Sheldon Bush (May 15, 1895 â€” October 8, 1972) was a United States Senator from Connecticut and a Wall Street executive banker with Brown Brothers Harriman. ... Seal of the U.S. Senate Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal Senate composition following 2006 elections The United States Senate is... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... John Ellis Jeb Bush (born February 11, 1953), a Republican, is the forty-third and current Governor of Florida. ... List of Governors of Florida: Florida Governors Military Government Territorial Government Statehood Categories: Lists of United States governors | Governors of Florida | Government of Florida ... This is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current, at any given time. ...

Early years

George Herbert Walker Bush was born at 173 Adams Street in Milton, Massachusetts^[1] on June 12, 1924. Adams Street is named for the family of Presidents John Adams and John Quincy Adams, who lived on the same street just a few miles south in the neighboring community of Quincy, Massachusetts. The Victorian house where he was born is privately owned and not open to the public. The Bush Family soon afterward moved from Milton to Greenwich, Connecticut. Milton is a suburban Boston town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) served as the nations first President of the United StatesPresident (1789â€“1797) and as its second President (1797â€“1801). ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 â€“ February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and President of the United States (March 4, 1825 â€“ March 4, 1829). ... Settled: 1625 â€“ Incorporated: 1792 Zip Code(s): 02169, 02170, 02171 â€“ Area Code(s): 617 / 857 Official website: http://ci. ... Location in Connecticut Coordinates: NECTA Bridgeport-Stamford Region South Western Region Settled 1640 Joined Connecticut 1656 Government type Representative town meeting - First selectman James A. Lash - Town administrator Edward Gomeau - Town meeting moderator Thomas J. Byrne Area - City 174. ...

George began his formal education at the Greenwich Country Day School in Greenwich. Beginning in 1936, Bush attended Phillips Academy^[2] in Andover, Massachusetts, where he held a large number of leadership positions including being the president of the senior class and secretary of the student council, president of the community fund-raising group, the Society of Inquiry, a member of the editorial board of the school newspaper, the Philippian, captain of both the varsity baseball and soccer teams.^[3] It is said that he was a member of A.U.V., or "Auctoritas, Unitas, Veritas" (Latin for "Authority, Unity, Truth"), an exclusive fraternity. Greenwich Country Day School is a co-educational, independent day school in Greenwich, Connecticut, founded in 1926. ... Phillips Academy (also known as Andover, Phillips Andover, or simply P.A.) is a co-educational University preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9-12. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: Country United States State Massachusetts County Essex County Settled 1642 Incorporated 1646 Government - Type Open town meeting - Town Manager Reginald Buzz Stapczynski - Board of Selectmen Ted Teichert (2009) Mary Lyman (2008) Alexander Vispoli (2007) John Hess (2007) Brian Major (2009) Area - Town 32. ...

World War II

After graduating from Phillips Academy in June 1942, he joined the U.S. Navy on his 18th birthday to become an aviator. After completing the 10-month course, he was commissioned as an ensign in the U.S. Naval Reserve at Corpus Christi, Texas on June 9, 1943, just three days before his 19th birthday, which made him the youngest naval aviator to that date.^[4] Image File history File links Babe_Ruth_George_Bush. ... Image File history File links Babe_Ruth_George_Bush. ... For the eponymous band, see Babe Ruth (band). ... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... A childs first birthday party. ... For other uses, see Aviator (disambiguation). ... Ensign of the Imperial Japanese Navy. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ... Nickname: Sparkling City by the Sea Location in the state of Texas Counties Nueces County Government - Mayor Henry Garrett Area - City 1,192. ... June 9 is the 160th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (161st in leap years), with 205 days remaining. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ...

After finishing flight training, he was assigned to Torpedo Squadron (VT-51) as photographic officer in September 1943. As part of Air Group 51, his squadron was based on the USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) in the spring of 1944. San Jacinto was part of Task Force 58 that participated in operations against Marcus and Wake Islands in May, and then in the Marianas during June. On June 19, the task force triumphed in one of the largest air battles of the war.^[5] Shortly after takeoff Bush's aircraft made a forced water landing. A destroyer rescued the young pilot and his crew, although the plane was lost.^[6] On July 25, Bush and another pilot received credit for sinking a small cargo ship off Palau. The second USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) of the United States Navy was an Independence-class light aircraft carrier. ... The Fast Carrier Task Force, known at different times as Task Force 38 and Task Force 58, was the main striking force of the United States Navy in the latter half of the Pacific War. ... Minami Torishima (南鳥島) or Marcus Island is a very small isolated island in the northwestern Pacific Ocean, located at latitude 24°18′ N and longitude 153°58′ E. It is only 1 sq km in size. ... Mariana Islands (sometimes called The Marianas; up to the early 20th century sometimes called the Ladrone Islands) are a group of islands made up by the summits of 15 volcanic mountains in the Pacific Ocean. ... June 19 is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 195 days remaining. ... July 25 is the 206th day (207th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 159 days remaining. ...

After Bush's promotion to Lieutenant Junior Grade on August 1, the San Jacinto commenced operations against the Japanese in the Bonin Islands. On September 2, 1944, Bush piloted one of four Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 that attacked the Japanese installations on Chichi Jima. For this mission his crew included Radioman Second Class John Delaney and Lieutenant Junior Grade William White, who substituted for Bush's regular gunner. During their attack, four Avengers from VT-51 encountered intense antiaircraft fire. While starting the attack, Bush's aircraft was hit and his engine caught on fire. Despite the fact that his plane was on fire, he completed his attack and released the bombs over his target, scoring several damaging hits. With his engine on fire, Bush flew several miles from the island, where he and one other crew member on the TBM Avenger bailed out of the aircraft. However, the other man's parachute did not open, and he fell to his death. It was never determined which man bailed out with Bush. Both Delaney and White were killed in action. While Bush waited four hours in his inflated raft, several fighters circled protectively overhead until he was rescued by the lifeguard submarine USS Finback. For this action Bush received the Distinguished Flying Cross. During the month he remained on the USS Finback, Bush participated in the rescue of other pilots. Image File history File links TBF_GeorgeBush. ... Image File history File links TBF_GeorgeBush. ... The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) was an American torpedo bomber, developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps and used by a large number of air forces around the world. ... The second USS San Jacinto (CVL-30) of the United States Navy was an Independence-class light aircraft carrier. ... August 1 is the 213th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (214th in leap years), with 152 days remaining. ... The Ogasawara Islands (小笠原諸島) are an Japan. ... September 2 is the 245th day of the year (246th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... The Grumman Aircraft Engineering Corporation, later Grumman Aerospace Corporation, was a leading producer of military and civilian aircraft of the 20th century. ... The Grumman TBF Avenger (designated TBM for aircraft manufactured by General Motors) was an American torpedo bomber, developed initially for the United States Navy and Marine Corps and used by a large number of air forces around the world. ... Chichi-jima (çˆ¶å³¶, lit. ... The Apollo 15 capsule landed safely despite a parachute failure. ... Finback (SS-230), a Gato-class submarine was launched 25 August 1941 by Portsmouth Navy Yard; sponsored by Mrs. ... The Distinguished Flying Cross. ...

Bush subsequently returned to San Jacinto in November 1944 and participated in operations in the Philippines. When San Jacinto returned to Guam, the squadron, which had suffered 50 percent casualties of its pilots, was replaced and sent to the United States. Through 1944, he had flown 58 combat missions for which he received the Distinguished Flying Cross, three Air Medals, and the Presidential Unit Citation awarded aboard the San Jacinto. The Air Medal is a military decoration of the United States which was established by Executive Order 9158, signed by Franklin D. Roosevelt, on May 11, 1942. ... Please see Presidential Unit Citation for other versions of this award The Presidential Unit Citation is awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and allies for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy on or after 7 December 1941 (the date of the Attack on...

Because of his valuable combat experience, Bush was reassigned to Norfolk Navy Base and put in a training wing for new torpedo pilots. He was later assigned as a naval aviator in a new torpedo squadron, VT-153. With the surrender of Japan, he was honorably discharged in September 1945 and then entered Yale University.-1... â€œYaleâ€ redirects here. ...

Marriage, Yale, and Skull & Bones

Almost immediately upon his return from the war in December 1944, George Bush married Barbara Pierce. Their marriage later produced six children: George Walker Bush, Pauline Robinson Bush ("Robin", 1949–1953, died of leukemia), John Ellis "Jeb" Bush, Neil Mallon Bush, Marvin Bush, and Dorothy Bush Koch. Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8, 1925) is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, and was First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Pauline Robinson Bush (December 20, 1949 â€“ October 11, 1953) was the second child of George H. W. Bush and Barbara Bush. ... Leukemia or leukaemia (see spelling differences) is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow and is characterized by an abnormal proliferation (production by multiplication) of blood cells, usually white blood cells (leukocytes). ... Jeb Bush John Ellis Jeb Bush (born February 11, 1953) is the forty-third and current Governor of Florida. ... George H. W. and Barbara Bush and their children Neil Mallon Bush (born January 22, 1955 in Midland, Texas, attended St. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Dorothy Bush Koch also known as Doro (born August 18, 1959), is the daughter of the 41st President of the United States George H. W. Bush and former First Lady Barbara Bush and the youngest sibling of George W. Bush, the 43rd President of the United States. ...

While at Yale, he joined the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and was elected president. He also captained the Yale baseball team, and as a left-handed first baseman, played in the first College World Series. Late in his junior year he was, like his father Prescott Bush (1917), tapped for membership by the Skull and Bones secret society. Some people believe that through this organization, also known as "the Order", Bush made connections with other influential people and families which would shape his career. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (648x1467, 880 KB)Skull and Bones entry from the 1948 Yale Banner. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (648x1467, 880 KB)Skull and Bones entry from the 1948 Yale Banner. ... Emblem of the Skull and Bones society The Order of Skull and Bones, once known as The Brotherhood of Death[1], is a secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, and one of the earliest-established of student secret societies to rival Phi Beta Kappa, also originally... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1948 calendar). ... Delta Kappa Epsilon (Î”ÎšÎ•; also pronounced D K E or Deke) is the oldest secret college mens fraternity of New England origin. ... The position of the first baseman First base redirects here. ... The College World Series is the tournament which determines the NCAA Division I collegiate baseball champion. ... Emblem of the Skull and Bones society The Order of Skull and Bones, once known as The Brotherhood of Death[1], is a secret society based at Yale University, in New Haven, Connecticut, and one of the earliest-established of student secret societies to rival Phi Beta Kappa, also originally... A secret society is an organization that conceals its activities from outsiders. ...

Bush graduated Phi Beta Kappa from Yale in 1948 with a B.S. in economics.^[7] The Phi Beta Kappa Society is an honor society which considers its mission to be fostering and recognizing excellence in undergraduate liberal arts and sciences. ...

Image File history File linksMetadata Baseball_cropped. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Baseball_cropped. ...

Business ventures

After graduating from Yale, Bush went into the Texas oil exploration business. He was given a position with Dresser Industries, a subsidiary of Brown Brothers Harriman, where his father served on the board of directors for 22 years. His son, Neil Mallon Bush, is named after his employer at Dresser, Henry Neil Mallon, who was a close family friend dating back to Skull & Bones at Yale in 1918 along with Prescott. Zapata Corporation was created by Bush and the Liedtke brothers in 1953 as Zapata Oil. (Authors Webster Tarpley, Kevin Phillips, Daniel Yergin, and others suggest that Bush had ties to the Central Intelligence Agency at this time.) Dresser Industries was a multinational corporation headquartered in Dallas, Texas, which provides a wide range of technology, products, and services used for developing energy and natural resources. ... Henry Neil Mallon (1895-1983) was chairman of Dresser Industries and a close friend and business partner of Prescott Bush. ... For the U.S town of Zapata, see Zapata, Texas. ... The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. ...

Campaigns for Senate and Congress

In 1964, Bush won the Republican Party's nomination for the U.S. Senate from Texas. His opponent was the incumbent Democratic Senator Ralph Yarborough. Yarborough made several personal attacks against Bush, calling him a "tool of the eastern kingmakers" and a right-wing extremist.^[8] Bush lost the general election. Texas politician Ralph Yarborough Ralph Webster Yarborough (June 8, 1903 â€“ January 27, 1996) was a Texas Democratic politician who served in the United States Senate (1957 until 1971) and was a leader of the progressive or liberal wing of the Democratic Party in Texas in his many races for statewide...

Bush did not give up on elective politics and was elected in 1966 to the United States House of Representatives from the 7th District of Texas, defeating Democrat Frank Briscoe with 57% of the vote. Despite being a first-term congressman, Bush was appointed to the powerful House Ways and Means Committee.^[9] Seal of the House of Representatives The United States House of Representatives (or simply the House) is one of the two chambers of the United States Congress, the other being the Senate. ... The Committee on Ways and Means is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. ...

In 1968, Bush briefly lobbied to be Richard Nixon's running mate in the 1968 presidential election. However, once Bush realized that Nixon was looking for someone with more experience than a single term in the U.S. House^{[citation needed]}, Bush ran for reelection. Bush was unopposed in the general election. 1968 (MCMLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Monday. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... A running mate is a person running for a subordinate position on a joint ticket during an election. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ...

In 1970, President Nixon convinced Bush to relinquish his House seat to again run for the Senate against Democratic Senator Ralph Yarborough, a fierce Nixon critic. In the Republican primary, Bush easily defeated conservative Robert Morris, a defeated 1964 candidate, by a margin of 87.6 percent to 12.4 percent. However, former Congressman Lloyd Bentsen, a native of Mission, Texas, defeated Yarborough in the Democratic primary, 816,641 votes (53 percent) to 724,122 (47 percent). Yarborough then endorsed Bentsen. With Yarborough defeated in the primary, Nixon's support for Bush's campaign waned. Image File history File links George_Herbert_Walker_Bush_and_Eisenhower_1. ... Image File history File links George_Herbert_Walker_Bush_and_Eisenhower_1. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... Mission is a city located in Hidalgo County, Texas. ...

Because there was no presidential election in 1970, turnout in Texas was unusually low in the general election. Bentsen defeated Bush by a margin similar to that in his primary victory over Yarborough. Ironically, Bentsen later became the Democratic Party nominee for Vice President in the 1988 presidential election on a ticket with Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis and lost to Bush. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. ...

1970s

After the 1970 election loss, President Richard Nixon appointed Bush to United States Ambassador to the United Nations, at which he served from 1971 to 1973. United States Ambassador to the United Nations, full title, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations (also known as the... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ... 1971 (MCMLXXI) was a common year starting on Friday. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Charles W. Yost (born in Watertown, NY in 1907 â€“ died in Washington, DC in 1981), educated at Hotchkiss School and Princeton University, was a Career U.S. Ambassador and ambassador to the United Nations from 1967 to 1971. ... John A. Scali (US Ambassador to the United Nations) ... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Milton is a suburban Boston town in Norfolk County, Massachusetts, United States. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. ... White House Portrait Barbara Pierce Bush (born June 8, 1925) is the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, and was First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... United States Ambasadors to the United Nations, full title, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations (also known as the...

After Nixon was re-elected President in 1972, he asked Bush to become Chairman of the Republican National Committee. Bush held this position during the Watergate scandal, when the popularity of both Nixon and the Republican Party plummeted. Bush defended Nixon steadfastly, but later as Nixon's complicity became clear he focused more on defending the Republican Party while still maintaining loyalty to Nixon. Bush/Cheney, 2004 campaign manager Ken Mehlman is the current chairman of the RNC. The Republican National Committee (RNC) provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

After Nixon's resignation in 1974, Vice President Gerald R. Ford became President, and Bush was one of the two leading contenders to be appointed vice president by Ford, but he lost to the other leading contender, Nelson Rockefeller. Bush had the support of many conservative elements in the Republican Party, particularly Barry Goldwater, against Rockefeller for the Vice Presidency.[1] Ford appointed Bush to be Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in the People's Republic of China. (Since the United States at the time maintained official relations with the Republic of China on Taiwan and not the People's Republic of China, the Liaison Office did not have the official status of an embassy and Bush did not formally hold the position of "ambassador" even though he unofficially acted as one.) Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 â€“ January 26, 1979) was an American Vice President, governor of New York State, philanthropist and businessman. ... Today, the Republic of China is commonly known as Taiwan or Chinese Taipei. Not to be confused with the Peoples Republic of China. ...

In 1976, Ford brought Bush back to Washington to become Director of Central Intelligence. Bush claimed the appointment was "a real shocker" and denied any prior involvement with the agency. The Office of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was established on January 23rd 1946 with Adm. ...

On January 8, 2007, newly released internal CIA documents revealed that Zapata had in fact emerged from Bush’s collaboration with a covert CIA officer in the 1950’s. According to a CIA internal memo dated November 29, 1975, Zapata Petroleum began in 1953 through Bush’s joint efforts with Thomas J. Devine, a CIA staffer who had resigned his agency position that same year to go into private business, but who continued to work for the CIA under commercial cover. Devine would later accompany Bush to Vietnam in late 1967 as a “cleared and witting commercial asset” of the agency, acted as his informal foreign affairs advisor, and had a close relationship with him through 1975.[2],[3],[4] January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar (the link is to a full 1967 calendar). ...

Interestingly, initially Bush's confirmation as Director of Central Intelligence was opposed by many pundits and politicians still reeling from the Watergate scandal (when Bush was head of the RNC, and a steadfast defender of Nixon) and the Church Committee investigating whether CIA-ordered foreign assassinations were being directed towards domestic officials, including President Kennedy. Many arguments against Bush's initial confirmation were that he was too partisan for the office. The Washington Post, George Will, and Senator Frank Church were some notable figures opposed to Bush's nomination. After a pledge by Bush not to run for either President or Vice President in 1976, opposition to his nomination died down. The Office of Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) was established on January 23rd 1946 with Adm. ... RNC can mean. ... Nixon is the surname of some prominent people: Richard Nixon - 37th President of the United States Patricia Nixon - First Lady to President Richard Nixon Tricia Nixon Cox - older daughter to Richard and Pat Nixon Julie Nixon Eisenhower - younger daughter to Richard and Pat Nixon John B. Nixon - oldest inmate executed... The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a U.S. Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975. ... The Washington Post is the largest newspaper in Washington, D.C., the capital of the United States. ... George Frederick Will (born May 4, 1941) is a Pulitzer Prize-winning, conservative American newspaper columnist, journalist, and author. ... Frank Forrester Church III (July 25, 1924 â€“ April 7, 1984) was a four-term U.S. Senator representing Idaho as a Democrat (1957-1981). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ...

Bush served in this role for 355 days, from January 30, 1976 to January 20, 1977.^[10] The CIA had been rocked by a series of revelations, including revelations based on investigations by the Senate's Church Committee, about the CIA's illegal and unauthorized activities, and Bush was credited with helping to restore the agency's morale.^[11] January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a U.S. Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975. ...

After a Democratic administration took power in 1977, Bush became Chairman of the First International Bank in Houston. He also became an adjunct professor of Administrative Science at Rice University in the Jones School of Business in 1978, the year it opened. The course, Organization Theory, involved lectures from Bush regarding the organizations he headed—the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Republican Party, a U.S. congressional office, the USA Representative Office to China, and an oil exploration company. Just months before Bush hit the presidential campaign trail, he was also candid about his internal debate to enter the primaries.^[12] Lovett Hall William Marsh Rice University, commonly called Rice University and opened in 1912 as The William Marsh Rice Institute for the Advancement of Letters, Science and Art, is a private, comprehensive research university located in Houston, Texas near the Museum District and adjacent to the Texas Medical Center. ...

He also became a board member of the Committee on the Present Danger. The Committee on the Present Danger (CPD) was an American bi-partisan, conservative, anti-communist, militarist lobbying group. ...

1980 presidential campaign

In the 1980 presidential election, Bush ran for the presidency, stressing his wide range of government experience. In the contest for the Republican Party nomination, despite Bush's establishment backing, the front-runner was Ronald Reagan, former Governor of California who was now running for the third time for President. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... Governors Arnold Schwarzenegger and Gray Davis with President George W. Bush (2003) Seal of the Governor of California (without the Roman numerals designating the governors sequence) See also: List of pre-statehood governors of California, List of Governors of California The Governor of California is the highest executive authority...

In the contest Bush represented the centrist wing in the GOP, whereas Reagan represented the conservative wing of the Republican Party. Bush labeled Reagan's supply side-influenced plans for massive tax cuts "voodoo economics." During the election, Reagan once famously described Bush as a "Brooks Brothers Republican," in response to which Bush opened his jacket at a press conference, smiling, to reveal a J. Press logo. Supply-side economics often referred to as Voodoo Economicsis a school of macroeconomic thought which emphasizes the supply part of supply and demand. ... A tax cut is a reduction in the rate of tax charged by a government, for example on personal or corporate income. ... Supply-side economics often referred to as Voodoo Economicsis a school of macroeconomic thought which emphasizes the supply part of supply and demand. ... Brooks Brothers is the oldest surviving mens clothier in the United States. ... J. Press is a mens clothier in the United States. ...

Bush won the Iowa caucus to start the primary season, then told the press that he had "Big Mo" (or momentum). However, Reagan came back to decisively win the New Hampshire primary, and Bush's "mo" was gone.^[13] With a growing popularity among the Republican voting base, Reagan won most of the remaining primaries and the nomination. Since 1976, the Iowa caucus has been the first indication of which candidate for President of the United States would win the nomination of his or her political party at that partys national convention. ... In classical mechanics, momentum (pl. ... The New Hampshire primary marks the opening of the quadrennial U.S. presidential election. ...

After some preliminary discussion of choosing former President Gerald Ford as his running mate, Reagan selected Bush as his Vice President, placing him on the winning Republican presidential ticket of 1980. Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ...

Vice Presidency

The Reagan/Bush ticket won again by a huge landslide in 1984 against the Democrats' Walter Mondale/Geraldine Ferraro ticket. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Geraldine Anne Ferraro (born August 26, 1935) is a Democratic politician and former member of the U.S. House of Representatives. ...

During his second term as Vice President, Bush became the first Vice President to become Acting President when, on July 13, 1985, President Reagan underwent surgery to remove polyps from his colon. Bush served as Acting President for approximately eight hours, most of which he passed playing tennis. Acting President of the United States is a temporary office in the government of the United States, established under the auspices of the Constitution of the United States, particularly its 25th Amendment (ratified in 1967). ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ...

When the Iran-Contra Affair broke in 1986, Bush stated that he had been "out of the loop" and unaware of the Iran initiatives related to arms trading.^[14] The Iran-Contra Affair was the largest political scandal in the United States during the 1980s, considered by some to be one of the largest political scandals in history. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

1988 presidential campaign

In 1988, after nearly eight years as Vice President, Bush again ran for President. His challengers for the Republican presidential nomination included U.S. Senator Bob Dole and Conservative Christian televangelist Pat Robertson. Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: United States presidential election, 1988 ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) File links The following pages link to this file: United States presidential election, 1988 ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... Marion Gordon Pat Robertson (born March 22, 1930) is a televangelist from the United States. ...

Though considered the early frontrunner for the Republican nomination, Bush came in third in the Iowa caucus, beaten by winner Dole and runner-up Robertson. However, Bush rebounded to win the New Hampshire primary, partly because of television commercials portraying Dole as a tax raiser. Once the multiple-state primaries such as Super Tuesday began, Bush's organizational strength and fundraising lead were impossible for the other candidates to match, and the nomination was his.

Leading up to the 1988 Republican National Convention, there was much speculation as to Bush's choice of running mate. In a move anticipated by few and later criticized by many, Bush chose little-known U.S. Senator Dan Quayle of Indiana. On the eve of the convention, Bush trailed Democratic nominee Michael Dukakis, then Massachusetts governor, by double digits in most polls. Ronald and Nancy Reagan at the podium on August 15, 1988. ... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Michael Stanley Dukakis (born November 3, 1933) is an American Democratic politician, former Governor of Massachusetts, and the Democratic presidential nominee in 1988. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ...

Bush, often criticized for his lack of eloquence when compared to Reagan, surprised many by giving perhaps the best speech of his public career, widely known as the "Thousand points of light" speech^[15] for his use of that phrase to describe his vision of American community. Bush's acceptance speech and a generally well-managed Convention catapulted him ahead of Dukakis in the polls, and he held the lead for the rest of the race. Bush's acceptance speech at the convention included the famous pledge, Read my lips: no new taxes. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (516x750, 63 KB) President Reagan, Vice-President Bush meet with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev on Governors Island, New York, 1988. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (516x750, 63 KB) President Reagan, Vice-President Bush meet with Soviet General Secretary Gorbachev on Governors Island, New York, 1988. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: , Michail SergejeviÄ GorbaÄÃ«v), IPA: , surname more accurately romanized as Gorbachyov; born March 2, 1931) is a Russian politician. ... New York, NY redirects here. ... Bush delivering the famous line at the 1988 convention Read my lips: No new taxes was a famous pledge made by Republican Presidential candidate George H.W. Bush at the 1988 Republican convention in his acceptance speech on August 18. ...

The campaign was noted for its highly negative television advertisements. One advertisement run by the Bush campaign showed Dukakis awkwardly riding in a U.S. Army tank. Bush blamed Dukakis for polluting the Boston Harbor as the Massachusetts governor. Bush also pointed out that Dukakis was opposed to the law that would require all students to say the pledge of allegiance. Another, produced and placed by an independent group supporting Bush, referred to murderer Willie Horton, a man who had committed a rape and assault while on a weekend furlough from a life sentence being served in Massachusetts. The United States Army is one of the armed forces of the United States and has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... Categories: Stub | Massachusetts geography | Boston ... Willie Hortons mugshot on the Weekend Passes ad William R. Horton (born August 12, 1951 in Chesterfield, South Carolina) is a convicted felon who was the subject of a Massachusetts weekend furlough program that released him while serving a life sentence for murder, without the possibility of parole, providing...

Dukakis's unconditional opposition to capital punishment also led to a pointed question during the U.S. presidential debates. Moderator Bernard Shaw asked Dukakis hypothetically if Dukakis would support the death penalty if his wife were raped and murdered. Dukakis's response appeared to many oddly wooden and technical, and helped characterize him as "soft on crime." These images helped enhance Bush's stature as a possible Commander-in-Chief compared to the Massachusetts governor. Capital punishment (also known as the Death Penalty) in the United States is officially sanctioned by 38 of the 50 states, as well as by the federal government and the military. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...

Bush beat Michael Dukakis and Lloyd Bentsen soundly in the Electoral College, by 426 to 111 (Bentsen received one vote). In the nationwide popular vote, Bush took 53.4% of the ballots cast while Dukakis gained 45.6%. Bush was the first serving Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren in 1836. The United States Electoral College is the electoral college that chooses the President and Vice President of the United States at the conclusion of each Presidential election. ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the 8th President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ...

Presidency 1989-1993

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3696x2453, 1055 KB) Chief Justice William Rehnquist administering the oath of office to President George H. W. Bush during Inaugural ceremonies at the United States Capitol. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3696x2453, 1055 KB) Chief Justice William Rehnquist administering the oath of office to President George H. W. Bush during Inaugural ceremonies at the United States Capitol. ... William Hubbs Rehnquist (October 1, 1924 â€“ September 3, 2005) was an American lawyer, jurist, and a political figure, who served as an Associate Justice on the Supreme Court of the United States and later as the Chief Justice of the United States. ... The entire front of the Capitol Building. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Policies

Foreign policy drove the Bush Presidency from its first days. In his January 20, 1989, Inaugural Address upon taking the Presidency, Bush said, "I come before you and assume the Presidency at a moment rich with promise. We live in a peaceful, prosperous time, but we can make it better. For a new breeze is blowing, and a world refreshed by freedom seems reborn; for in man's heart, if not in fact, the day of the dictator is over. The totalitarian era is passing, its old ideas blown away like leaves from an ancient, lifeless tree. A new breeze is blowing, and a nation refreshed by freedom stands ready to push on. There is new ground to be broken, and new action to be taken."^[16] January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Leading up to the first Gulf War, on September 11, 1990, President Bush addressing a joint session of Congress stated: "Out of these troubled times, our fifth objective — a New World Order — can emerge: a new era"^[17] September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...

With these words President Bush gave the order to start the military action which would later be known as the Gulf War. Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Peter de la BilliÃ¨re, Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Saddam Hussein Strength 883,863 360,000 Casualties 378 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War or the Persian Gulf War...

Manuel Noriega

Operation Just Cause was the U.S. military invasion of Panama that deposed General Manuel Noriega in December 1989. Involving an expeditionary force of 25,000 troops and state-of-the-art military equipment, the invasion was the largest American military operation since the Vietnam War. General Manuel Noriega was at one time a U.S. ally, who was increasingly using Panama to facilitate the drug traffic from South America to the United States. In the 1980s, dictator Manuel Noriega was one of the most recognizable names in the United States, being constantly covered by the press. The deteriorating situation in Panama, supposedly an American protectorate,^{[citation needed]} was a growing embarrassment for the Reagan Administration, which President Bush inherited. The military implementation took place under supervision of Joint Chiefs of Staff Chairman General Colin Powell who—as National Security Advisor for President Reagan—knew well the Panama situation and dictator Noriega. The invasion was preceded by massive protests in Panama against Noriega. Bush's Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney visited American troops in Panama right after the invasion. President Bush visited Panama with his wife in June 1992, to give support to the first post-invasion Panamanian government. Combatants United States Panama Commanders Carl W. Stiner Manuel Noriega Strength 27,684+ 16,000+ Casualties 24 Dead, 325 Wounded 450 Military, 514-4,000 Civilian Rangers from Charlie Company, 3rd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment prepare to take La Comandancia in the El Chorrillo neighborhood of Panama City, December 1989. ... General Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno (born February 11, 1938) is a Panamanian general, the de facto military leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941), is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ...

Gulf War

As President, Bush is perhaps best known internationally for leading the United Nations coalition in the 1990–1991 Gulf War. In 1990, Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein invaded its oil-rich neighbor to the south, Kuwait. The broad coalition, in an operation known as Desert Shield, sought to remove Iraqi forces from Kuwait and ensure that Iraq did not invade Saudi Arabia. Bush claimed that his position was summed up succinctly when he said, "This aggression will not stand," and, "This is not a war for oil. This is war against aggression." On November 29, the UN passed a resolution establishing a deadline that authorized the nations allied with Kuwait 'to use all necessary means' if Iraq did not withdraw from Kuwait by January 15, 1991. Fighting began on January 17, 1991, when U.S.-led air units launched a devastating series of air attacks against Iraq, with this operation referred to as Desert Storm.^[18] George H.W. Bush talks with the troops in Saudi Arabia, November 22, 1990 http://bushlibrary. ... George H.W. Bush talks with the troops in Saudi Arabia, November 22, 1990 http://bushlibrary. ... Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is an annual one-day holiday to give thanks, traditionally to God, for the things one has at the end of the harvest season. ... Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Peter de la BilliÃ¨re, Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Saddam Hussein Strength 883,863 360,000 Casualties 378 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War or the Persian Gulf War... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: [1]; April 28, 1937[2] â€“ December 30, 2006[3]), was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003. ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ... November 29 is the 333rd (in leap years the 334th) day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ...

In a foreign policy move that would later be questioned, President Bush achieved his stated objectives of liberating Kuwait and forcing Iraqi withdrawal, then ordered a cessation of combat operations —allowing Saddam Hussein to stay in power. His Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney noted that invading the country would get the United States "bogged down in the quagmire inside Iraq." Bush later explained that he did not give the order to overthrow the Iraqi government because it would have "incurred incalculable human and political costs... We would have been forced to occupy Baghdad and, in effect, rule Iraq".^[19]^[20]

In explaining to Gulf War veterans why he chose not to pursue the war further, President Bush said, "Whose life would be on my hands as the commander-in-chief because I, unilaterally, went beyond the international law, went beyond the stated mission, and said we're going to show our macho? We're going into Baghdad. We're going to be an occupying power — America in an Arab land — with no allies at our side. It would have been disastrous."^[21]

President Bush's popularity rating in America soared during and immediately after the apparent success of the military operations, but it later fell dramatically because of an economic recession in combination with perceived failures about the end of the war.^{[citation needed]}

Post-Soviet breakup

As the Soviet Union was unraveling, President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev declared a U.S.-Soviet strategic partnership at the summit of July 1991, decisively marking the end of the Cold War. President Bush declared that U.S.-Soviet cooperation during the Persian Gulf War in 1990–1991 had laid the groundwork for a partnership in resolving bilateral and world problems. The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev (Russian: , Michail SergejeviÄ GorbaÄÃ«v), IPA: , surname more accurately romanized as Gorbachyov; born March 2, 1931) is a Russian politician. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

This page is a candidate to be copied to Wikisource. ... START, officially the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, is a treaty, originally signed by the United States and the Soviet Union, that barred its signatories from deploying more than 6,000 warheads atop a total of 1,600 ICBMs, submarine-launched ballistic missiles, and bombers. ... The Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program is a 1991 U.S. law sponsored by Senators Richard Lugar and Sam Nunn. ... The rise of Gorbachev Although reform stalled between 1964–1982, the generational shift gave new momentum for reform. ... Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft KBE (born March 19, 1925 in Ogden, Utah), USAF (Ret. ... The term new world order has been used to refer to a new period of history evidencing a dramatic change in world political thought and the balance of power. ... A World Transformed is a book by George H. W. Bush in which he explains why he didnt have the US conquer Iraq at the end of the earlier Gulf war: Extending the ground war into an occupation of Iraq . ... This article covers the history of the United States from 1988 through present. ...

NAFTA

Bush's government, along with the Progressive Conservative Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney, spearheaded the negotiations of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), which Bill Clinton signed in 1993. NAFTA Initialing Ceremony, October 1992 From left to right (standing) President Salinas, President Bush, Prime Minister Mulroney (Seated) Jaime Serra Puche, Carla Hills, Michael Wilson. ... NAFTA Initialing Ceremony, October 1992 From left to right (standing) President Salinas, President Bush, Prime Minister Mulroney (Seated) Jaime Serra Puche, Carla Hills, Michael Wilson. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ... Jaime JosÃ© Serra Puche (b. ... Carla Anderson Hills (born January 3, 1934) is an American lawyer and public figure. ... Hon. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Prime Minister of Canada (French: Premier ministre du Canada), is the Minister of the Crown who is head of the Government of Canada. ... Martin Brian Mulroney, PC, CC, GOQ, LLD (born March 20, 1939), was the eighteenth Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984, to June 25, 1993 and was leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada from 1983 to 1993. ... NAFTA redirects here. ...

Pardons

Bush's last controversial act in office was his pardon, on December 24, 1992, of six former government employees implicated in the Iran-Contra scandal - most prominently former Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger. Weinberger had been scheduled to stand trial on January 5, 1993, for allegedly lying to Congress regarding his knowledge of arms sales to Iran and concealing 1700 pages of his personal diary detailing discussions with other officials about the arms sales. The following is a list of pardons and commutations by President George H. W. Bush. ... December 24 is the 358th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (359th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Caspar Willard Cap Weinberger, GBE (August 18, 1917 â€“ March 28, 2006), was an American politician and Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Reagan from January 21, 1981, until November 23, 1987, making him the third longest-serving defense secretary to date, after Robert McNamara and Donald Rumsfeld. ... January 5 is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

As Weinberger's private notes contained references to Bush's endorsement of the secret shipments to Iran, some believe that Bush's pardon was an effort to prevent an order for Bush to appear before a grand jury or possibly to avoid an indictment. Weinberger's indictment stated that Weinberger's notes contradicted Bush's assertions that he had only peripheral knowledge of the arms for hostages deal. Lawrence Walsh, the Independent Counsel assigned to the case, charged that "the Iran-contra cover-up, which has continued for more than six years, has now been completed." Walsh likened the pardons to President Richard Nixon's Saturday Night Massacre. Bush responded that the Walsh probe constituted an attempt to criminalize a policy dispute between the legislative and executive branches. In addition to Weinberger, Bush pardoned Duane R. Clarridge, Clair E. George, Robert C. McFarlane, Elliott Abrams, and Alan G. Fiers Jr., all of whom had been indicted and/or convicted of charges by the Independent Counsel. He is also known to have given executive clemency to Aslam P. Adam, a convicted heroin dealer. Additionally, Bush pardoned Orlando Bosch, a known anti-Castro terrorist who was linked to the bombing of Mackey Airlines in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, and had been previously convicted of firing a bazooka at a Polish freighter in Miami harbor. [5][6]
A grand jury is a type of jury, in the common law legal system, which determines if there is enough evidence for a trial. ... United States Office of the Independent Counsel was an independent prosecutor â€” distinct from the Attorney General of the United States Department of Justice â€” that provided reports to the Congress under Title 28 of the United States Code, Section 595. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... The Saturday night massacre (October 20, 1973) was the term given by political commentators to U.S. President Richard Nixons executive dismissal of independent special prosecutor Archibald Cox, and the forced resignations of Attorney General Elliot Richardson and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus during the controversial and drawn-out... Robert Carl Bud McFarlane (born 1937), was a U.S. Marine Corps officer assigned to the post of United States National Security Advisor in 1983, ceasing to hold it in 1985. ... Elliot Abrams Elliott Abrams (born January 24, 1948) is an American lawyer who has served in foreign policy positions for a number of U.S. Presidents, most recently George W. Bush. ... Orlando Bosch is a Cuban exile and former CIA-backed terrorist, head of CORU organization, which the FBI has described as an anti-Castro terrorist umbrella organization. He has been accused of having taken part in Operation Condor and of a variety of terrorist attacks. ... // Castro is a Romance (Spanish, Galician, Portuguese and Italian) word coming from Latin castrum, a fortification (cf: Greek: kastron; Proto-Celtic: *Kassrik; Breton: kaer, *kastro). ... This article is becoming very long. ... Mackey Airlines, also known as Mackey International Airlines, was an airline which was mainly served Florida and The Bahamas. ... Fort Lauderdale, known as the Venice of America, is a city located in Broward County, Florida. ... Official language(s) English Capital Tallahassee Largest city Jacksonville Largest metro area Miami Area Ranked 22nd - Total 65,795[1] sq mi (170,304[1] kmÂ²) - Width 361 miles (582 km) - Length 447 miles (721 km) - % water 17. ... For other meanings, see Bazooka (disambiguation) The bazooka was a man-portable anti-tank rocket launcher made famous during World War II where it was one of the United States Armed Forces primary infantry anti-tank weapons. ... Cargo ship or freighter is any sort of ship that carries goods and materials from one port to another. ... This article is about the city in Florida. ...

Administration and Cabinet

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (522x660, 185 KB) Portrait of George H. W. Bush Source See http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (522x660, 185 KB) Portrait of George H. W. Bush Source See http://www. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Seal of the United States Department of State. ... James Addison Baker III (born 28 April 1930 in Houston, Texas) served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagans first administration, United States Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the administration of President George H... Lawrence Sidney Eagleburger (born August 1, 1930), is an American statesman and diplomat who served as The United States Secretary of State under President George H. W. Bush. ... The United States Secretary of the Treasury is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, concerned with finance and monetary matters, and, until 2003, some issues of national security and defense. ... Nicholas F. Brady Nicholas Frederick Brady (born April 11, 1930, in New York City) was United States Secretary of the Treasury under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush, and is also known for articulating the Brady Plan in March 1989. ... The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense (DoD), concerned with the armed services and The role of the Secretary of Defense is to be the principal defense policy advisor to the President and is responsible for the formulation of general defense... Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941), is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ... The United States Attorney General is the head of the United States Department of Justice concerned with legal affairs and is the chief law enforcement officer of the United States government. ... Richard L. Dick Thornburgh (born July 16, 1932) is a lawyer and Republican politician who served as the Governor of Pennsylvania from 1979 to 1987, and then as the U.S. Attorney General from 1988 to 1991. ... William Pelham Barr (born May 23, 1950) is an American attorney who served as the 77th Attorney General of the United States. ... The United States Secretary of the Interior is the head of the United States Department of the Interior, concerned with such matters as national parks and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... Categories: People stubs | 1928 births | U.S. Secretaries of the Interior ... The office of the U.S. Secretary of Commerce in the mid-20th century. ... Robert Adam Mosbacher Robert Adam Mosbacher shaking hands with Boris Yeltsin Robert Adam Mosbacher (born March 11, 1927) is a U.S. businessman. ... External link Barbara Hackman profile, NNDB. Categories: People stubs | U.S. Secretaries of Commerce | 1940 births ... Elizabeth Hanford Liddy Dole, (born July 29, 1936) was elected to the United States Senate in 2002 to represent North Carolina for a term ending in 2009. ... The official portrait of Lynn Martin hangs in the Department of Labor Lynn Morley Martin was a United States politician. ... Clayton Keith Yeutter (born December 10, 1930) in Eustis, Nebraska. ... Edward Rell Madigan (January 13, 1936 - December 7, 1994) was a politician in the United States. ... The United States Secretary of Health and Human Services is the head of the United States Department of Health and Human Services, concerned with The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... Louis Wade Sullivan (born November 3, 1933) is an American physician. ... Lauro Fred Cavazos (born January 4, 1927) is a U.S. educator. ... Andrew Lamar Alexander (born July 3, 1940) is the senior United States Senator from Tennessee and a member of the Republican Party. ... The United States Secretary of Housing and Urban Development is the head of the United States Department of Housing and Urban Development, concerned with The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... Jack French Kemp Jr. ... Samuel Knox Skinner (born June 10, 1938) is an American politician and businessman. ... Andrew Hill Andy Card Jr. ... Admiral James David Watkins (March 7, 1927-) is a retired U.S. Navy officer and former Chief of Naval Operations. ... The United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs is the head of the United States Department of Veterans Affairs, the department concerned with veterans benefits and related matters. ... Edward Joseph Derwinski (b. ...

Supreme Court appointments

Bush appointed the following Justices to the Supreme Court of the United States: Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Supreme Court of the United States (SCOTUS) is the highest judicial body in the...

David Hackett Souter (born September 17, 1939) has been an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1990. ... Clarence Thomas (born June 23, 1948) is an American jurist and has been an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States since 1991. ... An African American (also Afro-American, Black American, or simply black) is a member of an ethnic group in the United States whose ancestors, usually in predominant part, were indigenous to Africa. ...

1992 re-election campaign

The tail end of the late 1980s recession, that had plagued most of Bush's term in office, was a contributing factor to his defeat in the 1992 Presidential election to Governor Bill Clinton of Arkansas. The coalition victory in the Persian Gulf War led to a feeling that Bush's re-election was almost assured, but the economic recession coupled with a perceived failure to end the war properly reduced his popularity. Bush was also perceived as being "out of touch" with the American worker. One incident that was said to lend credence to this suspicion occurred during a technology trade show in which Bush appeared "amazed" upon seeing a demonstration of a supermarket scanner. However, Andrew Rosenthal, the reporter who broke the story was not present during the demonstration. He had relied on his own interpretation of a pool report by Gregg McDonald. The New York Times stood by its interpretation of the event, but Newsweek and Mark Duffy of Time Magazine, as well as the man who demonstrated the product for Bush, all took issue with Rosenthal's characterization.^[23] Nevertheless, media outlets reported the story as it tied in with and supported the notion that the president was out of touch with the common man. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) This map image (or all images in this article or category) should be recreated using vector graphics as an SVG file. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1182x635, 110 KB) This map image (or all images in this article or category) should be recreated using vector graphics as an SVG file. ... The recession of the late nineteen-eighties was an economic recession that hit much of the world beginning in 1987. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Official language(s) English Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Area Ranked 29th - Total 53,179 sq mi (137,002 kmÂ²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 261 miles (420 km) - % water 2. ... Exterior of a typical British supermarket (a Tesco Extra) Exterior of typical North American supermarket (a Safeway) This Flagship Randalls store in Houston, Texas is an example of an upscale supermarket. ... A typical barcode scanner. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... The Newsweek logo Newsweek is a weekly news magazine published in New York City and distributed throughout the United States and internationally. ... (Clockwise from upper left) Time magazine covers from May 7, 1945; July 25, 1969; December 31, 1999; September 14, 2001; and April 21, 2003. ...

Several other factors were key in his defeat, including agreeing in 1990 to raise taxes despite his famous "Read my lips: no new taxes" pledge not to institute any new taxes. In doing so, Bush alienated many members of his conservative base, losing their support for his re-election. Bush raised taxes in an attempt to address an ever-increasing budget deficit, which some at the time attributed the to the Reagan tax cuts of the 1980s. Despite these tax cuts, overall tax revenues had doubled in the 1980s, from $517 billion to $1.031 trillion.[7]. During the same period, however, growth in domestic spending had outpaced the increase in revenue. George Bush had been supported in 1988 by conservatives to continue the Reagan revolution, and was seen as a failure in this regard. Ironically, Bush had previously admonished Reagan's supply side tax cuts in the 1980 presidential primary when he referred to Reagan's tax proposals as "voodoo economics." MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... Bush delivering the famous line at the 1988 convention Read my lips: No new taxes was a famous pledge made by Republican Presidential candidate George H.W. Bush at the 1988 Republican convention in his acceptance speech on August 18. ...

Ross Perot won 19% of the popular vote, the highest total for a third-party candidate since Theodore Roosevelt on the ticket of the Bull-Moose Party. In early 1992 a Gallup poll found the President's approval rating to be at an all-time low, 29%. Despite his defeat, George H. W. Bush left office in 1993 with a 56 percent job approval rating.^[24] Henry Ross Perot (born June 27, 1930) is a billionaire American businessman from Texas, who is best known for seeking the office of President of the United States in 1992 and 1996. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... The United States Progressive Party of 1912 was a political party created by a split in the Republican Party in the presidential election 1912. ...

Post-Presidency

Since his final election campaign, Bush has mostly retired from public life. He and his wife live most of the year at their home in the exclusive neighborhood of Tanglewood in Houston, with a presidential office nearby, and the remainder at their summer home Walker's Point in Kennebunkport, Maine. He holds his own fishing tournament in Islamorada, an island in the Florida Keys. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (514x760, 74 KB) Summary http://www. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (514x760, 74 KB) Summary http://www. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... The tsunami that struck MalÃ© in the Maldives on December 26, 2004. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... A sign indicating Tanglewood Tanglewood is a neighborhood out of Houston, Texas. ... Nickname: Space City Location in the state of Texas Coordinates: Country United States State Texas Counties Harris County Fort Bend County Montgomery County Incorporated June 5, 1837 Government - Mayor Bill White Area - City 601. ... View of the Bush Compound The Bush Compound is located near the Atlantic Ocean in southern Maine near the town of Kennebunkport. ... Boats on the Kennebunk River between Kennebunk and Kennebunkport Kennebunkport is a town located in York County, Maine. ... Official language(s) None (English de facto; French is also an administrative language) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area Ranked 39th - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 kmÂ²) - Width 210 miles (338 km) - Length 320 miles (515 km) - % water 13. ... Islamorada, Village of Islands is a village located in Monroe County, Florida, on an island of the same name in the Florida Keys. ... Palm trees in Islamorada The Florida Keys is an archipelago of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. ...

Health

On January 8, 1992, Bush vomited in the lap of Prime Minister of Japan Kiichi Miyazawa during a state dinner. He then fainted. The incident, which Bush claimed was nothing more than the flu, was caught on camera and raised questions about his health, in addition to being a major source of embarrassment. The Japanese coined a verb for this incident: "bushu-suru", meaning "to commit an instance of embarrassing public vomiting", or literally "to do [a] Bush".^[25] At a subsequent state dinner for Japan in Washington D.C., Bush quipped that "this time, dinner is on me". January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... The Prime Minister of Japan (å†…é–£ç·ç†å¤§è‡£ Naikaku sÅri daijin) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ... Kiichi Miyazawa Kiichi Miyazawa (å®®æ¾¤ å–œä¸€ Miyazawa Kiichi) (born 1919) is a Japanese politician and was the 78th Prime Minister from November 5, 1991 to August 9, 1993. ... State dinners in different countries follow different rules and are governed by different protocols. ... Respiratory disease properly named influenza(say: in-floo-en-zah ). Some specific varities of influenza with a vaccination available are: A-New Caledonia, A-California, B-Shanghai. ... Embarrassment is an unpleasant emotional state experienced upon having a socially or professionally unacceptable act or condition witnessed by or revealed to others. ...

Bush was diagnosed with Graves disease in 1991. Barbara Bush was subsequently diagnosed with Graves, as was his White House pet, Millie, a Springer Spaniel, although it remains undetermined whether the multiple diagnoses are a coincidence or more.^[26] Graves-Basedow disease or known simply as Graves disease is a medical disorder that may manifest several different conditions including goitre and hyperthyroidism (over-activity of thyroid hormone production), infiltrative exophthalmos (protruberance of one or both eyes and associated problems) and infiltrative dermopathy (a skin condition usually of the lower...

The former President was hospitalized on March 10, 2007 following his collapse on a golf course in Palm Springs, California. He was overcome from the heat and lack of fluids. After brief treatment, he was released on Monday, March 12. [8] March 10 is the 69th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (70th in leap years). ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Palm Springs is a famed Riverside County, California, desert resort city, approximately 110 miles east of Los Angeles. ... March 12 is the 71st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (72nd in leap years). ...

News and Events

In April 1993, the Iraqi Intelligence Service allegedly attempted to assassinate former President Bush via car bomb during a visit to Kuwait. However, Kuwaiti security foiled the car bomb plot. On June 26, 1993, the U.S. launched a missile attack targeting Baghdad intelligence headquarters in retaliation for the alleged attempted attack against Bush. 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... It has been suggested that Extrajudicial Executions and Assasinations be merged into this article or section. ... Car bomb in Iraq, made from a number of concealed artillery shells in the back of a pickup truck. ... Car bomb in Iraq, made from a number of concealed artillery shells in the back of a pickup truck. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ...

In 1998, Bush made a speech in Tokyo on behalf of Global Crossing, Ltd., a startup telecommunications company. Bush accepted shares of stock in the company in place of his normal $80,000 speaking fee. Global Crossing made a public offering a few months later. SEC records indicate that Bush sold the stock for $4,505,000 in two sales that occurred on November 16, 1999 and March 13, 2000. In January 2002, Global Crossing declared chapter 11 bankruptcy, making it the fourth largest insolvency in United States history.[9] 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean [1]. // Coated in ice, power and telephone lines sag and often break, resulting in power outages. ... November 16 is the 320th day of the year (321st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 45 days remaining. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2002 : January - February - March - April - May - June - July - August - September - October - November - December A timeline of events in the news for January, 2002. ...

Bush has never written a memoir of his political life, and says he does not plan to write one. He has, however, published a book containing a series of collected letters (All The Best, George Bush, 1999), and co-authored a book on recent foreign policy issues with his former National Security Advisor, Brent Scowcroft (A World Transformed, 1998). As a literary genre, a memoir (from the Latin memoria, meaning memory) forms a subclass of autobiography, although it is an older form of writing. ... Lieutenant General Brent Scowcroft KBE (born March 19, 1925 in Ogden, Utah), USAF (Ret. ... A World Transformed is a book by George H. W. Bush in which he explains why he didnt have the US conquer Iraq at the end of the earlier Gulf war: Extending the ground war into an occupation of Iraq . ...

He has given numerous speeches and participated in business ventures with the Carlyle Group, a private equity fund with close ties to the government of Saudi Arabia. Additionally, he held the position of Senior Advisor to the Carlyle Group's Asia Advisory Board from April 1998 to October 2003. In January 2006, Bush wrote a letter to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) of the People's Republic of China on behalf of the Carlyle Group. In the letter, Bush urged the Chinese government to approve an impending deal in which the Chinese government would sell 85% share ownership of the troubled Guangdong Development Bank to a consortium led by Citibank. In addition to praising Citibank and the other foreign member of the consortium, the Carlyle Group, Bush also intimated that a successful acquisition would be “beneficial to the comprehensive development of Sino-US relations.” The Carlyle Group is a Washington, D.C. based global private equity investment firm with more than $54. ... A private equity fund is a collaboration of funds that directs a private companys or individuals equity, either in the stock market or in real estate. ...

Robert Parry, an American investigative journalist, and others have criticized Bush's allegedly close relationship with Sun Myung Moon, a controversial religious figure.[10] Robert Parry is an American investigative journalist who has written extensively about the Iran-Contra scandal. ... Sun Myung Moon in 2005. ...

On June 12, 2004, he went skydiving in honor of his 80th birthday. It was his third parachute jump since World War II. The day before his 80th birthday jump, he and his son both took part in eulogizing his predecessor, Ronald Reagan, at the latter's state funeral. The Vatican City State released this photo into the public domain, one of few that have been done so, of the President of the United States and two former Presidents of the United States paying homage to Pope John Paul II lying in state at St. ... The Vatican City State released this photo into the public domain, one of few that have been done so, of the President of the United States and two former Presidents of the United States paying homage to Pope John Paul II lying in state at St. ... Laura Lane Welch Bush (born November 4, 1946) is the wife of U.S. President George W. Bush and is the current First Lady of the United States. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II) born [] (May 18, 1920, Wadowice, Poland â€“ April 2, 2005, Vatican City) reigned as Pope of the Catholic... June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Skydiver about to land Parachuting, or skydiving, is a recreational activity, competitive sport and method of deployment of military personnel (and occasionally, firefighters). ... President George W. Bush, his wife, Laura, Vice-President Richard Cheney and his wife, Lynne, and former president Bill Clinton and his wife, Hillary, New York Democratic senator, watch the casket of former president Ronald Reagan carried into the Washington National Cathedral Nancy Reagan was escorted by Army Major General...

On November 22, 2004, New York Republican Governor George Pataki named Bush and the other former Presidents living at the time (Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, and Bill Clinton) as honorary members of the board rebuilding the World Trade Center. November 22 is the 326th day (327th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... George Elmer Pataki (born June 24, 1945) is the current Governor of New York State, USA serving since January 1995, and as of late 2006 is the longest-serving of all current U.S. governors. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... This article is becoming very long. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... This article is about the former World Trade Center (Twin Towers) in New York City. ...

On January 3, 2005, Bush and Bill Clinton were named by the current President Bush to lead a nationwide campaign to help the victims of the Indian Ocean tsunami. Bush and Clinton both appeared on the Super Bowl XXXIX pre-game show on Fox in support of their bipartisan effort to raise money for relief of the disaster through the USA Freedom Corps, an action which Bush described as "transcending politics." Thirteen days later, they both traveled to the affected areas to see how the relief efforts are going. January 3 is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Tsunami strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. ... Date February 6, 2005 Stadium ALLTEL Stadium City Jacksonville, Florida MVP Deion Branch, Wide receiver Favorite Patriots by 7 National anthem Combined choirs of the U.S. Military Academy, the U.S. Naval Academy, the U.S. Air Force Academy, and the U.S. Coast Guard Academy, and U.S... The Fox Broadcasting Company is a television network in the United States. ... George W. Bush speaks in front of a USA Freedom Corps display. ...

In August 31, 2005, following the devastation of the Gulf Coast by Hurricane Katrina, Bush again teamed with Clinton to coordinate private relief donations. Reports were common that Bush and Clinton had developed a friendship by now, despite the latter having defeated the former in the 1992 election (such friendships were not unknown, as Gerald Ford and Jimmy Carter had developed one despite a similar history). Almost a year later, on May 13, 2006, they received Honorary Diplomas from Tulane University at the school's commencement ceremony. August 31 is the 243rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (244th in leap years), with 122 days remaining. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Gulf of Mexico is a major body of water bordered and nearly landlocked by North America. ... Lowest pressure 902 mbar (hPa; 26. ... May 13 is the 133rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (134th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Tulane University is a private, nonsectarian, coeducational research university located in New Orleans, Louisiana. ...

Bush and his wife Barbara could also be seen sitting in the front row behind home plate at Minute Maid Park in Houston, supporting the Houston Astros during the 2005 World Series. Home plate is the final base in baseball and related games that a player must touch to score. ... Minute Maid Park (formerly Enron Field and Astros Field) is a baseball stadium in Houston, Texas that opened in 2000 to house the Houston Astros. ... Astros redirects here, for other uses see Astros (disambiguation) Major league affiliations National League (1962â€“present) Central Division (1994â€“present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 5, 24, 25, 32, 33, 34, 40, 42, 49 Name Houston Astros (1965â€“present) Houston Colt . ... The 2005 World Series, the 101st playing of Major League Baseballs championship series, saw the American League champion Chicago White Sox sweep the National League champion Houston Astros 4 games to 0 in the best-of-seven-games series, winning their third championship and first since 1917. ...

On June 3, 2006, an informal group of peace activists filed charges against Bush, implying him in war crimes. The charges were delivered to Icelandic authorities, the day before Bush arrived to catch salmon in Icelandic rivers. The Icelandic authorities do not appear to have followed up on the charges. The charges pertained to Bush's actions in Panama in 1989 and in the Gulf War in 1991 while he was president of the USA. [11] [12] [13] [14] June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Combatants UN Coalition Republic of Iraq Commanders Norman Schwarzkopf, Peter de la BilliÃ¨re, Khalid bin Sultan, Saleh Al-Muhaya, Mohamed Hussein Tantawi Saddam Hussein Strength 883,863 360,000 Casualties 378 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 dead, 75,000 wounded The Gulf War or the Persian Gulf War... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On September 21, 2006, Bush attended the Centennial Celebration of Suffolk University in Boston as a guest speaker for the event, where he received an Honorary Diploma from the Beacon Hill based institution.[15] September 21 is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Suffolk University is a private university in Boston, Massachusetts, situated on Beacon Hill. ...

With the death of Gerald R. Ford on December 26, 2006, Bush is currently the oldest living former president. Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 361st in leap years. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

On February 6, 2007, Former President Bush became the ninth recipient of the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, an award given to "those who have made monumental and lasting contributions to the cause of freedom worldwide," and to those who "embody President Reagan's lifelong belief that one man or woman truly can make a difference." The award was given in Beverly Hills, California, by Former First Lady Nancy Reagan, on behalf of her husband. Bush was Reagan's Vice President for eight years. ^[27] ^[28] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins July 6, 1921) was the First Lady of the United States of America from 1981 to 1989. ... Nancy Reagan presented the 2007 Ronald Reagan Freedom Award to Fmr. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the Anno Domini (common) era. ... Nancy Reagan presented the 2007 Ronald Reagan Freedom Award to Fmr. ... For other uses, see: Beverly Hills (disambiguation). ... Official language(s) English Capital Sacramento Largest city Los Angeles Area Ranked 3rd - Total 158,302 sq mi (410,000 kmÂ²) - Width 250 miles (400 km) - Length 770 miles (1,240 km) - % water 4. ... Laura Bush Current First Lady (2001- ) First Lady of the United States is the unofficial title of the hostess of the White House. ... Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins July 6, 1921) was the First Lady of the United States of America from 1981 to 1989. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of...

Tributes

The George Bush Presidential Library and Museum is located on the southwest corner of the campus of Texas A&M University in College Station, Texas. The George Bush Presidential Library and Museum is the presidential library of United States President George H. W. Bush. ... Texas A&M University, often called A&M or TAMU for short, is a public, coeducational, research university located in College Station, Texas, USA. It is the flagship[4] institution of the Texas A&M University System. ... City nicknames: Aggieland, heart of the Research Valley Location in the State of Texas County Brazos County Mayor Ron Silvia Area - Land - Water 104. ...

George Bush Intercontinental Airport in Houston, Texas, was renamed after the former President in 1997. George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IATA: IAH, ICAO: KIAH) is located 23 miles (37 km) north of downtown Houstonâ€”between Interstate 45 and U.S. Highway 59â€”and is adjacent to the city of Humble. ...

The first modified Nimitz-class aircraft carrier George H. W. Bush-subclass was named USS George H. W. Bush when it was christened October 7, 2006.^[29] The Nimitz-class supercarriers are a line of nuclear-powered aircraft carriers in service with the US Navy, and are the largest capital ships in the world. ... Former President George H. W. Bush views a model of the aircraft carrier that has been named in his honor. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... October 7 is the 280th day of the year (281st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

Bush was given the honorary title Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (GCB) by Queen Elizabeth II. The only other Presidents to receive the honor are Ronald Reagan and Dwight D. Eisenhower (who received the title before he became President). The British honours system is a means of rewarding individuals personal bravery, achievement or service to the United Kingdom. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on 18 May 1725. ... Elizabeth II in an official portrait as Queen of Canada (on the occasion of her Golden Jubilee in 2002, wearing the Sovereigns badges of the Order of Canada and the Order of Military Merit) Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary) (born 21 April 1926), styled HM The... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ...

In 1999, the CIA headquarters facility in Langley, Virginia, was renamed the George Bush Center for Intelligence.^[10] Langley is an unincorporated community in the census-designated place of McLean in Fairfax County, Virginia, United States. ... Official language(s) English Capital Richmond Largest city Virginia Beach Area Ranked 35th - Total 42,793 sq mi (110,862 kmÂ²) - Width 200 miles (320 km) - Length 430 miles (690 km) - % water 7. ...

In 2004, The Korea Society awarded George H. W. Bush with its annual James A. Van Fleet Award. The Korea Society is a private, nonprofit, nonpartisan, 501(c)(3) organization with individual and corporate members that is dedicated solely to the promotion of greater awareness, understanding and cooperation between the people of the United States and Korea. ... The General James A. Van Fleet Award, given annually since 1995 by The Korea Society, is awarded â€œto one or more distinguished Koreans or Americans in recognition of their outstanding contributions to the promotion of U.S.-Korea relations. ...

In 2006, he and Bill Clinton were awarded the Philadelphia Liberty Medal. He is also a recipient of the Albert Schweitzer Gold Medal for Humanitarianism. The Philadelphia Liberty Medal is an annual award presented by the Philadelphia Foundation to recognize leadership in the pursuit of freedom. ... Albert Schweitzer (January 14, 1875 _ September 4, 1965) was a German-born theologian, musician, philosopher, and Germany (now Haut_Rhin département, France). ...

Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x1960, 627 KB)Daddy Bush with his new toy! , with her namesake in the background From left: Adm. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (3008x1960, 627 KB)Daddy Bush with his new toy! , with her namesake in the background From left: Adm. ...

Trivia

John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) served as the nations first President of the United StatesPresident (1789â€“1797) and as its second President (1797â€“1801). ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by United Nations. ... Saturday Night Live (SNL) is a weekly late night 90-minute American comedy-variety show based in New York City which has been broadcast live by NBC on Saturday nights since October 11, 1975. ... Dana Thomas Carvey (born June 2, 1955, in Missoula, Montana) is an American actor and comedian best known for his work on Saturday Night Live and the spin-off movie Waynes World. ... Lowest pressure 902 mbar (hPa; 26. ... Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ... Histeria! was a short-lived animated television series of the late-1990s, created by Tom Ruegger (who also created Tiny Toons, Animaniacs, and Pinky and the Brain) at Warner Bros. ... Loud Kiddington is a fictional character featured on the Warner Bros. ... Green Eggs and Ham (ISBN 0-394-80016-8) is a childrens book by Dr. Seuss. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... Two Bad Neighbors is the 13th episode of The Simpsons seventh season. ... Harry Julius Shearer (born December 23, 1943) is an American comedic actor and writer. ... Tress MacNeille (born June 20, 1951) is an American voice actress who is best known for providing various voices on the animated television shows The Simpsons and Futurama, and also Animaniacs. ... For the Simpsons episode, see $pringfield (Or, How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Legalized Gambling). ... For the British comic strip of the same name, see Dennis the Menace (UK). ... Homer Jay Simpson is a fictional character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Dan Castellaneta. ... Bart and his sister Lisa as news anchors Bartholomew Jo-Jo Bart Simpson is a main character in the animated television series The Simpsons, voiced by Nancy Cartwright. ... The United States Navy, also known as the USN or the U.S. Navy, is a branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ... Four aircraft carriers, (front-to-back) Principe de Asturias, amphibious assault carrier USS Wasp, supercarrier USS Forrestal and light V/STOL carrier HMS Invincible, showing size differences. ... USS (CVN-77) is the tenth Nimitz class supercarrier of the United States Navy. ... 2009 (MMIX) will be a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... It has been suggested that Bohemian Grove be merged into this article or section. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician and the 43rd and current President of the United States. ... Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti (Arabic: [1]; April 28, 1937[2] â€“ December 30, 2006[3]), was the President of Iraq from July 16, 1979, until April 9, 2003. ...

Quotes

Bush delivering the famous line at the 1988 convention Read my lips: No new taxes was a famous pledge made by Republican Presidential candidate George H.W. Bush at the 1988 Republican convention in his acceptance speech on August 18. ... Cover art for the DVD release of The Waltons first season. ... Simpsons redirects here. ... The American Atheist logo, based on the atomic model. ...

Notes

The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... May 9 is the 129th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (130th in leap years). ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... MSNBC, a combination of MSN and NBC, is a 24-hour cable news channel in the United States and Canada, and a news website. ... January 15 is the 15th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... June 30 is the 181st day of the year (182nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 184 days remaining. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... August 18 is the 230th day of the year (231st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Louisiana Superdome, often informally referred to simply as the Superdome, is a large, multi-purpose sports and exhibition facility located in the Central Business District of New Orleans, Louisiana. ... New Orleans is the largest city in the state of Louisiana, United States of America. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ... The Memory Hole - is a metaphor from the 1984 novel by Eric Arthur Blair (1903 â€“ 1950), better known by the pen name George Orwell. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The United States Army is one of the armed forces of the United States and has primary responsibility for land-based military operations. ... March 3 is the 62nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (63rd in leap years). ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... The Cable News Network, commonly known as CNN, is a major cable television network founded in 1980 by Ted Turner. ... ABC News is a division of ABC television and radio networks (ABC), owned by The Walt Disney Company. ... January 17 is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... February 26 is the 57th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ...

See also

The Bush family:President George W. Bush, First Lady Laura Bush, former First Lady Barbara Bush, and former President George H. W. Bush sit surrounded by family in the Red Room (White House) on January 6, 2005, together to celebrate the senior couples 60th wedding anniversary. ... The Church Committee is the common term referring to the United States Senate Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities, a U.S. Senate committee chaired by Senator Frank Church (D-ID) in 1975. ... The October Surprise Conspiracy was an alleged plot that claimed representatives of the 1980 Ronald Reagan presidential campaign had conspired with Islamic Republic of Iran to delay the release of 66 Americans held hostage in Tehran until after the 1980 U.S. Presidential election. ... Iranian militants escort a blindfolded U.S. hostage to the media. ... Kenneth Douglas Ken Taylor, OC , BA , MBA , LL.D (born October 5, 1934 in Calgary, Alberta, Canada) was a Canadian ambassador to Iran. ... In the Iran-Contra Affair, United States President Ronald Reagans administration secretly sold arms to Iran, which was engaged in a bloody war with its neighbor Iraq from 1980 to 1988 (see Iran-Iraq War), and diverted the proceeds to the Contra rebels fighting to overthrow the leftist and... The Timeline of United States and China relations 1995-1997 consists of documented information relating both to the 1996 U.S. campaign finance scandal and the Peoples Republic of Chinas alleged nuclear espionage against the United States detailed in the Congressional report known as the Cox Report. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... The election was held on November 8, 1988. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ...

External links

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Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Acting President of the United States is a temporary office in the government of the United States, established under the auspices of the Constitution of the United States, particularly its 25th Amendment (ratified in 1967). ... July 13 is the 194th day (195th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 171 days remaining. ... 1985 (MCMLXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... The election was held on November 8, 1988. ... Presidential electoral votes by state. ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... January 20 is the 20th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... IPA: (October 26, 1916 â€“ January 8, 1996) was President of France from 1981 to 1995, elected as representative of the Socialist Party (PS). ... The Group of Eight (G8) consists of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. ... Sir John Major, KG, CH, PC (born 29 March 1943) was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and leader of the British Conservative Party from 1990 to 1997. ... The United States order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. ... This article is becoming very long. ... The United States order of precedence is a nominal and symbolic hierarchy of important positions within the government of the United States. ... 2007 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... This is a chronology of who was the oldest living President of the United States, former or current, at any given time. ... December 26 is the 360th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar, 361st in leap years. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... Rudolph William Louis Rudy Giuliani III, KBE (born May 28, 1944) served as the Mayor of New York City from January 1, 1994 through December 31, 2001. ... Nancy Reagan presented the 2007 Ronald Reagan Freedom Award to Fmr. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... George Washington (February 22, 1732 â€“ December 14, 1799)[1] led Americas Continental Army to victory over Britain in the American Revolutionary War (1775â€“1783), and was later elected the first president of the United States under the U.S. Constitution. ... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) served as the nations first President of the United StatesPresident (1789â€“1797) and as its second President (1797â€“1801). ... This article is becoming very long. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 â€“ June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809â€“1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... :For the United States Congressman from New York, see James Monroe (1799 - 1870). ... John Quincy Adams (July 11, 1767 â€“ February 23, 1848) was a diplomat, politician, and President of the United States (March 4, 1825 â€“ March 4, 1829). ... For other uses, see Andrew Jackson (disambiguation). ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the 8th President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ... William Henry Harrison (February 9, 1773 â€“ April 4, 1841) was an American military leader, politician, and the ninth President of the United States. ... John Tyler, Jr. ... James Knox Polk (November 2, 1795â€“June 15, 1849) was the eleventh President of the United States, serving from March 4, 1845 to March 4, 1849. ... Zachary Taylor (November 24, 1784 â€“ July 9, 1850) was an American military leader and the twelfth President of the United States. ... Not to be confused with Mallard Fillmore. ... Franklin Pierce (November 23, 1804 â€“ October 8, 1869) was an American politician and the 14th President of the United States, serving from 1853 to 1857. ... James Buchanan (April 23, 1791 â€“ June 1, 1868) was the 15th president of the United States (1857â€“1861). ... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 â€“ April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 â€“ April 15, 1865). ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 â€“ July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865â€“1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... Ulysses S. Grant[2] (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 â€“ July 23, 1885) was an American general and the 18th President of the United States (1869â€“1877). ... Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 â€“ January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the 19th President of the United States (1877â€“1881). ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 â€“ September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881) and the second U.S. President to be assassinated (Abraham Lincoln was the first). ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885â€“1889 and 1893â€“1897). ... Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 â€“ March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908) was the 22nd and 24th President of the United States, and the only President to serve two non-consecutive terms (1885â€“1889 and 1893â€“1897). ... For the mountain, see Mount McKinley. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 â€“ March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration, and... Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 â€“ February 3, 1924), was the 28th President of the United States. ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Herbert Clark Hoover, (August 10, 1874 â€“ October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929â€“1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... FDR redirects here. ... President Truman announces that Germany had surrendered (May 8 1945) Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 â€“ December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945â€“1953); as Vice President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ... John Fitzgerald Kennedy (May 29, 1917 â€“ November 22, 1963), also referred to as John F. Kennedy, JFK, John Kennedy or Jack Kennedy, was the 35th President of the United States. ... â€œLBJâ€ redirects here. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... This article is becoming very long. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ...

Image File history File links Seal_Of_The_President_Of_The_Unites_States_Of_America. ...

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United States Republican Party Presidential Nominees

Frémont • Lincoln • Grant • Hayes • Garfield • Blaine • Harrison • McKinley • Roosevelt • Taft • Hughes • Harding • Coolidge • Hoover • Landon • Willkie • Dewey • Eisenhower • Nixon • Goldwater • Nixon • Ford • Reagan • GHW Bush • Dole • GW Bush

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Vice Presidents of the United States of America

Adams • Jefferson • Burr • Clinton • Gerry • Tompkins • Calhoun • Van Buren • R. Johnson • Tyler • Dallas • Fillmore • King • Breckinridge • Hamlin • A. Johnson • Colfax • Wilson • Wheeler • Arthur • Hendricks • Morton • Stevenson • Hobart • Roosevelt • Fairbanks • Sherman • Marshall • Coolidge • Dawes • Curtis • Garner • Wallace • Truman • Barkley • Nixon • L. Johnson • Humphrey • Agnew • Ford • Rockefeller • Mondale • Bush • Quayle • Gore • Cheney [1] Died in office. ... John Charles FrÃ©mont (January 21, 1813 â€“ July 13, 1890), born John Charles Fremont, was an American military officer, explorer, the first candidate of the Republican Party for the office of President of the United States, and the first Presidential candidate of a major party to run on a platform... Abraham Lincoln (February 12, 1809 â€“ April 15, 1865) was the 16th President of the United States (March 4, 1861 â€“ April 15, 1865). ... Ulysses S. Grant[2] (born Hiram Ulysses Grant, April 27, 1822 â€“ July 23, 1885) was an American general and the 18th President of the United States (1869â€“1877). ... Rutherford Birchard Hayes (October 4, 1822 â€“ January 17, 1893) was an American politician, lawyer, military leader and the 19th President of the United States (1877â€“1881). ... James Abram Garfield (November 19, 1831 â€“ September 19, 1881) was the 20th President of the United States (1881) and the second U.S. President to be assassinated (Abraham Lincoln was the first). ... James G. Blaine James Gillespie Blaine (January 31, 1830 â€“ January 27, 1893) was a U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator from Maine and a two-time United States Secretary of State. ... Benjamin Harrison (August 20, 1833 â€“ March 13, 1901) was the 23rd President of the United States, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. ... For the mountain, see Mount McKinley. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... William Howard Taft (September 15, 1857 â€“ March 8, 1930) was an American politician, the 27th President of the United States, the 10th Chief Justice of the United States, a leader of the progressive conservative wing of the Republican Party in the early 20th century, a pioneer in international arbitration, and... Charles Evans Hughes (April 11, 1862 â€“ August 27, 1948) was Governor of New York, United States Secretary of State, Associate Justice and Chief Justice of the United States. ... Warren Gamaliel Harding (November 2, 1865 - August 2, 1923) was an American politician and the 29th President of the United States, from 1921 to 1923, when he became the sixth president to die in office. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Herbert Clark Hoover, (August 10, 1874 â€“ October 20, 1964), the 31st President of the United States (1929â€“1933), was a world-famous mining engineer and humanitarian administrator. ... Alfred Mossman Alf Landon (September 9, 1887 â€“ October 12, 1987) was an American Republican politician from Kansas, who was defeated in a landslide by Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1936 presidential election. ... Wendell L. Willkie Wendell Lewis Willkie (February 18, 1892 â€“ October 8, 1944) was a lawyer in the United States and the Republican nominee for the 1940 presidential election. ... Thomas Dewey Thomas Edmund Dewey (March 24, 1902 â€“ March 16, 1971) was the Governor of New York (1943-1955) and the unsuccessful Republican candidate for the U.S. Presidency in 1944 and 1948. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 - March 28, 1969) was an American soldier and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953-1961). ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 â€“ May 29, 1998[1]) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953â€“1965, 1969â€“87) and the Republican Partys nominee for President in the 1964 election. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... Ronald Wilson Reagan (February 6, 1911 â€“ June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981 â€“ 1989) and the 33rd Governor of California (1967 â€“ 1975). ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Chief Justice Associate Justices Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Counties, Cities, and Towns Other countries Politics Portal The Vice President of the United States is the first in the presidential line of... John Adams (October 30, 1735 â€“ July 4, 1826) served as the nations first President of the United StatesPresident (1789â€“1797) and as its second President (1797â€“1801). ... This article is becoming very long. ... This article does not adequately cite its references. ... George Clinton (July 26, 1739 â€“ April 20, 1812) was an American soldier and politician. ... Elbridge Thomas Gerry (pronounced , rhymes with merry) (July 17, 1744 â€“ November 23, 1814) was an American politician, a member of the Jeffersonian Republican Party. ... Daniel D. Tompkins (June 21, 1774 â€“ June 11, 1825) was an entrepreneur, jurist, Congressman, Governor of New York, and the sixth Vice President of the United States. ... John Caldwell Calhoun (March 18, 1782 â€“ March 31, 1850) was a leading United States Southern politician and political philosopher from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th century, best known as a spokesman for slavery, nullification and the rights of electoral minorities, such as slave-holders. ... Martin Van Buren (December 5, 1782 â€“ July 24, 1862), nicknamed Old Kinderhook, was the 8th President of the United States from 1837 to 1841. ... Richard Mentor Johnson (October 17, 1780 â€“ November 19, 1850) was the ninth Vice President of the United States, serving in the administration of Martin Van Buren. ... John Tyler, Jr. ... George Mifflin Dallas (July 10, 1792 â€“ December 31, 1864) was a U.S. Senator from Pennsylvania and the eleventh Vice President, serving under James K. Polk. ... Not to be confused with Mallard Fillmore. ... William Rufus DeVane King William Rufus DeVane King (April 7, 1786â€“April 18, 1853) was a U.S. Representative from North Carolina, a Senator from Alabama, and the thirteenth Vice President of the United States. ... John C. Breckinridge This article is about the politician and Confederate General. ... Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 â€“ July 4, 1891) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 â€“ July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865â€“1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812â€“November 22, 1875) was a Senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth Vice President of the United States. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819 â€“ June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. ... Thomas Andrews Hendricks (September 7, 1819 â€“ November 25, 1885) was a Representative and a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-first Vice President of the United States. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Adlai Ewing Stevenson I (October 23, 1835 â€“ June 14, 1914) was a Congressman from Illinois and the twenty-third Vice President of the United States. ... Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844–November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 â€“ October 30, 1912) was a Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States. ... Thomas R. Marshall Thomas Riley Marshall (March 14, 1854 â€“ June 1, 1925) was an American politician who served as the twenty-eighth Vice President of the United States of America under Woodrow Wilson from 1913 to 1921. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 â€“ April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... John Nance Garner IV (November 22, 1868 â€“ November 7, 1967) was a Representative from Texas and the thirty-second Vice President of the United States (1933-41). ... Henry Agard Wallace (October 7, 1888 â€“ November 18, 1965) was the 33rd Vice President of the United States (1941â€“45), the 11th Secretary of Agriculture (1933â€“40), and the 10th Secretary of Commerce (1945â€“46). ... President Truman announces that Germany had surrendered (May 8 1945) Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 â€“ December 26, 1972) was the thirty-third President of the United States (1945â€“1953); as Vice President, he succeeded to the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt. ... Alben William Barkley (November 24, 1877 â€“ April 30, 1956) was a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives and the United States Senate from Kentucky, and the thirty-fifth Vice President of the United States. ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... â€œLBJâ€ redirects here. ... Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. ... Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 â€“ September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States serving under President Richard M. Nixon, and the 55th Governor of Maryland. ... Gerald Rudolph Ford, Jr. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 â€“ January 26, 1979) was an American Vice President, governor of New York State, philanthropist and businessman. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Albert Arnold Gore, Jr. ... Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941), is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ...

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

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United States Republican Party Vice Presidential Nominees

Dayton • Hamlin • Johnson • Colfax • Wilson • Wheeler • Arthur • Logan • Morton • Reid • Hobart • Roosevelt • Fairbanks • Sherman • Butler • Fairbanks • Coolidge • Dawes • Curtis • Knox • McNary • Bricker • Warren • Nixon • Lodge • Miller • Agnew • Dole • Bush • Quayle • Kemp • Cheney

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Directors of the Central Intelligence Agency

Souers • Vandenberg • Hillenkoetter • Smith • Dulles • McCone • Raborn • Helms • Schlesinger • Colby • Bush • Turner • Casey • Webster • Gates • Woolsey • Deutch • Tenet • Goss • Hayden [1] Died in office. ... William Lewis Dayton (February 17, 1807 – December 1, 1864) was an American lawyer from Freehold Borough, New Jersey. ... Hannibal Hamlin (August 27, 1809 â€“ July 4, 1891) was an American politician from the U.S. state of Maine. ... Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 â€“ July 31, 1875) was the seventeenth President of the United States (1865â€“1869), succeeding to the presidency upon the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Henry Wilson Henry Wilson (February 16, 1812â€“November 22, 1875) was a Senator from Massachusetts and the eighteenth Vice President of the United States. ... William Almon Wheeler (June 30, 1819 â€“ June 4, 1887) was a Representative from New York and the nineteenth Vice President of the United States. ... Chester Alan Arthur (October 5, 1829 â€“ November 18, 1886) was an American politician who served as the 21st President of the United States. ... For other persons with similar names, see John Logan. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Whitelaw Reid Whitelaw Reid (October 27, 1837 - December 15, 1912) was a U.S. politician and newspaper editor, as well as the author of a popular history of Ohio in the Civil War. ... Garret Augustus Hobart (June 3, 1844–November 21, 1899) was the twenty-fourth Vice President of the United States. ... Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt, Jr. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... James Schoolcraft Sherman (October 24, 1855 â€“ October 30, 1912) was a Representative from New York and the 27th Vice President of the United States. ... Nicholas Murray Butler Nicholas Murray Butler (April 2, 1862 â€“ December 7, 1947) was an American philosopher, diplomat, and educator. ... Charles Warren Fairbanks (May 11, 1852 â€“ June 4, 1918) was a Senator from Indiana and the twenty-sixth Vice President of the United States. ... John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. ... Charles Gates Dawes (August 27, 1865 â€“ April 23, 1951) was an American banker and politician who was the 30th Vice President of the United States. ... This article is about the former Vice President of the United States. ... Frank Knox William Franklin Frank Knox (January 1, 1874â€“April 28, 1944) was the Secretary of the Navy under Franklin D. Roosevelt during most of World War II. He was also the Republican vice presidential candidate in 1936. ... Charles L. McNary Charles Linza McNary (June 12, 1874 - February 25, 1944) was a U.S. Republican politician from Oregon, best known for serving as Minority Leader of the United States Senate from 1933 to 1944. ... John William Bricker (September 6, 1893 â€“ March 22, 1986) was a United States politician from Ohio. ... Template:Politician Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 â€“ July 9, 1974) was a California district attorney of Alameda County, the 20th Attorney General of California, the 30th Governor of California, and the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (from 1953 to 1969). ... Richard Milhous Nixon (January 9, 1913 â€“ April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 to 1974. ... Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. ... William Edward Miller (March 22, 1914 – June 24, 1983), was an American politician. ... Spiro Theodore Agnew (November 9, 1918 â€“ September 17, 1996) was the 39th Vice President of the United States serving under President Richard M. Nixon, and the 55th Governor of Maryland. ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... James Danforth Dan Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the 44th Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989-1993). ... Jack French Kemp Jr. ... Richard Bruce Dick Cheney (born January 30, 1941), is the 46th and current Vice President of the United States, serving under President George W. Bush. ... Director of the Central Intelligence Agency (D/CIA) serves as the head of the Central Intelligence Agency, which is part of the United States Intelligence Community. ... Sidney William Souers (March 30, 1892 - January 14, 1973) was an American admiral and intelligence expert. ... General Hoyt Sanford Vandenberg was the second chief of staff of the U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C. The general was born at Milwaukee, Wis. ... Roscoe Henry Hillenkoetter (May 8, 1897 - June 18, 1982) was the third director of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States, serving from May 1, 1947 to October 7, 1950. ... Walter Bedell Smith as U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union. ... Allen W. Dulles Allen Welsh Dulles (April 7, 1893 â€“ January 29, 1969) was the first civilian Director of the Central Intelligence Agency and also the longest serving director (1953-1961) of the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency and a member of the Warren Commission. ... John Alexander McCone (January 4, 1902 - February 14, 1991) was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence during the height of the Cold War. ... Vice admiral William Francis Raborn, Jr. ... Richard Helms, Director of Central Intelligence, 1966-1973 Richard McGarrah Helms (March 30, 1913 â€“ October 23, 2002) was the Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from 1966 to 1973. ... James Rodney Schlesinger (born February 15, 1929) was United States Secretary of Defense from 1973 to 1975 under presidents Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford. ... William Egan Colby (January 4, 1920 â€“ April 27, 1996) became Director of Central Intelligence on September 4, 1973, after James R. Schlesinger. ... Stansfield Turner (born 1 December 1923) was a U.S. admiral and Director of Central Intelligence. ... William Joseph Casey (March 13, 1913 â€“ May 6, 1987) was the Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from 1981 to 1987. ... William Hedgcock Webster William Hedgcock Webster (born March 6, 1924) was the Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) from 1978 to 1987 and Director of Central Intelligence from 1987 to 1991. ... Robert Michael Gates, Ph. ... Robert James Woolsey Jr. ... John Deutch John Mark Deutch (born July 27, 1938) was Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) from May 10, 1995 until December 14, 1996. ... George Tenet George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and was previously the Director of Central Intelligence for the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency. ... Porter Goss Porter Johnston Goss (born November 26, 1938) is an American politician, who was the last Director of Central Intelligence and the first Director of the Central Intelligence Agency following the passage of the IRPTA 2004 Act, which abolished the DCI position. ... Michael Vincent Hayden (born March 17, 1945 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania) holds the rank of General in the United States Air Force, which describes him as the highest-ranking military intelligence officer in the armed forces. ...

Image File history File links CIA.svgâ€Ž Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency of the United States Government Inhabitants of the United States should consider the following then using this image: CIA Act of 1949 (50 U.S.C. section 403m): Source: [1] File links The following pages on the...

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United States Ambassadors to the United Nations

Stettinius • Austin • Lodge • Wadsworth • Stevenson • Goldberg • Ball • Wiggins • Yost • Bush • Scali • Moynihan • Scranton • Young • McHenry • Kirkpatrick • Walters • Pickering • Perkins • Albright • Richardson • Holbrooke • Negroponte • Danforth • Bolton United States Ambassador to the United Nations, full title, Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status of Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, and Representative of the United States of America in the Security Council of the United Nations (also known as the... Portrait of U.S. Secretary of State Edward R. Stettinius, Jr. ... Warren Robinson Austin (November 12, 1877â€“December 25, 1962) was an American politician and statesman; among other roles, he served as Senator from Vermont. ... Henry Cabot Lodge, Jr. ... James Jeremiah Wadsworth (often called Jerry Wadsworth) (1905 â€“ 1984) was a U.S. diplomat. ... Adlai Ewing Stevenson II (February 5, 1900 â€“ July 14, 1965) was an American politician, noted for intellectual demeanor and advocacy of liberal causes in the Democratic party. ... Arthur Goldberg Arthur Joseph Goldberg (August 8, 1908 â€“ January 19, 1990) was an American statesman and jurist who served as the U.S. Secretary of Labor, Supreme Court Justice and Ambassador to the United Nations. ... George Wildman Ball (1909 - 1994) was born in Des Moines, Iowa. ... James Russell Wiggins (December 4, 1903 in Luverne, Minnesota â€“ November 19, 2000 in Brooklin, Maine) was the managing editor of The Washington Post from 1947 to 1966 and the United States ambassador to the United Nations from 1968 to 1969 during the Lyndon Johnson presidency. ... Charles W. Yost (born in Watertown, NY in 1907 â€“ died in Washington, DC in 1981), educated at Hotchkiss School and Princeton University, was a Career U.S. Ambassador and ambassador to the United Nations from 1967 to 1971. ... John A. Scali (US Ambassador to the United Nations) ... Daniel Patrick Pat Moynihan (March 16, 1927 â€“ March 26, 2003) was a United States Senator, Ambassador, and eminent sociologist. ... Scranton made the cover of Time in 1962 William Warren Scranton (born July 19, 1917) is a former U.S. Republican Party politician. ... Andrew Jackson Young, Jr. ... Donald F. McHenry (October 13, 1936 (unconfirmed)-- ) was the Ambassador and U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations from September 1979 until January 20, 1981. ... Jeane Kirkpatrick Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick (November 19, 1926 â€“ December 7, 2006) was an American ambassador and an ardent anticommunist. ... Vernon Walters is the smiling man in the center of the picture. ... Thomas Reeve Tom Pickering (born November 5, 1931), is a retired United States Ambassador. ... Edward J. Perkins (born 1928), U.S. diplomat, U.S. ambassador to United Nations 1992-1993. ... Madeleine Korbel Albright (born Marie Jana KorbelovÃ¡, IPA: , on May 15, 1937) was the first woman to become United States Secretary of State. ... William Blaine Bill Richardson III (born November 15, 1947) is an American politician, and the current Governor of New Mexico, of the Democratic Party . ... Richard Charles Albert Holbrooke (born April 24, 1941) is an American diplomat, magazine editor, author, Peace Corps official, and investment banker. ... John Dimitri Negroponte (born July 21, 1939 in the United Kingdom) (IPA ) is an American (of Greek origin) career diplomat. ... John Danforth John Claggett Danforth (born September 5, 1936), also referred to as Jack Danforth, is a former United States Ambassador to the United Nations and former Republican United States Senator from Missouri. ... John Robert Bolton (born November 20, 1948), an attorney and an American diplomat in several Republican administrations, served as the interim[1] U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations with the title of ambassador, from August 2005 until December 2006, on a recess appointment. ...

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Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Nations. ...

Chairmen of the Republican National Committee

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Morgan • Ward • Claflin • Morgan • Chandler • Cameron • Jewell • Sabin • Jones • Quay • Carter • Hanna • Payne • Cortelyou • New • Hitchcock • Hill • Rosewater • Hilles • Hays • Adams • Butler • Work • Huston • Fess • Saunders • Fletcher • Hamilton • Martin • Walsh • Spangler • Brownell • Reece • Scott • Gabrielson • Summerfield • Roberts • Hall • Alcorn • T. Morton • Miller • Burch • Bliss • R. Morton • Dole • Bush • Smith • Brock • Richards • Fahrenkopf • Atwater • Yeutter • Bond • Barbour • Nicholson • Gilmore • Racicot • Gillespie • Mehlman • Martinez Bush/Cheney, 2004 campaign manager Ken Mehlman is the current chairman of the RNC. The Republican National Committee (RNC) provides national leadership for the Republican Party of the United States. ... Edwin Dennison Morgan (February 8, 1811 - February 14, 1883) was governor of New York in the USA from 1859 to 1862. ... Marcus Lawrence Ward (November 9, 1812â€“April 25, 1884) was a United States political figure. ... William Claflin (1818-1905) was an industrialist and philanthropist who served as Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts from 1869-1872 and as a member of Congress from 1877-1881. ... Edwin Dennison Morgan (February 8, 1811 - February 14, 1883) was governor of New York in the USA from 1859 to 1862. ... Zachariah T. Chandler (December 10, 1813 – November 1, 1879) was Mayor of Detroit (1851–52), a four-term U.S. Senator from the state of Michigan (1857–75, 1879), and Secretary of the Interior under U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant (1875–77). ... James Donald Cameron (May 14, 1833–August 30, 1918) was an American politician. ... Marshall Jewell (1825–1883) was a U.S. political figure. ... Categories: Stub | 1843 births | 1902 deaths | United States Senators ... Benjamin F. Jones served as Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1887 to 1888. ... Matthew Stanley Quay (September 30, 1833 - May 28, 1904) was an immensely powerful Pennsylvania political boss; kingmaker (Benjamin Harrison, 1888). ... This article or section needs to be wikified. ... Mark Hanna Mark A. Hanna (September 24, 1837â€“February 15, 1904), born Marcus Alonzo Hanna, was an industrialist and Republican politician from Ohio. ... Henry Clay Payne (October 15, 1867–October 4, 1904) was U.S. Postmaster General from 1902 to 1904 under Pres. ... G.B. Cortelyou Brian William Cortelyou (July 26, 1862â€“October 23, 1940) was an American Presidential Cabinet secretary of the early 20th century. ... Harry Stewart New (1858–1937) was a U.S. journalist and political figure. ... Frank H. Hitchcock was Postmaster General of the United States under President William Howard Taft from 1909 to 1913. ... John Fremont Hill (1855-1912) was an American capitalist and public official, born at Eliot, Me. ... Cover of Time Magazine (September 13, 1926) William Harrison Hays (November 5, 1879â€“March 7, 1954) was the namesake of the Hays Code, chairman of Republican National Committee and U.S. Postmaster General. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... This article was imported from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress and needs to be rewritten and/or reformatted in accordance with Wikipedia styles. ... Hubert Work (July 3, 1860 - December 14, 1942) was a U.S. administrator. ... Simeon Davison Fess (December 11, 1861 - December 23, 1936) was a Republican politician and educator from Ohio. ... Henry Prather Fletcher (1873â€“1959) was an American diplomat. ... John Hamilton was chair of the Republican National Committee. ... Joseph William Martin, Jr (November 3, 1884 - March 6, 1968) was an American politician from North Attleborough, Massachusetts. ... Herbert Brownell, Jr. ... Brazilla Carroll Reece (December 22, 1889â€“March 19, 1961) was a U.S. Representative from Tennessee. ... Hugh Scott was a repulsive, single-celled bacterium who served in the United States House of Representatives and Senate during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s. ... Guy George Gabrielson (born 1891 or 1892, died May 1, 1976) was chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1949 to 1952. ... Arthur Ellsworth Summerfield (17 March 1899, Pinconning, Michigan – 26 April 1972, West Palm Beach, Florida) was a U.S. political figure. ... Charles Wesley Roberts (born December 14, 1902 - 1976) was a Kansas businessman who was Chairman of the Republican National Committee for four months in 1953 under Dwight D. Eisenhower. ... Leonard Wood Hall (October 2, 1900 - June 2, 1979) was a United States Representative from New York. ... Meade Hugh Alcorn (1907 - 1992) was a U.S. lawyer and political figure. ... Thruston Ballard Morton (1907 - 1982), a Republican, represented Kentucky in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate. ... William Edward Miller (March 22, 1914 – June 24, 1983), was an American politician. ... Dean Burch served as Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission from October 31, 1969 to March 8, 1974. ... Ray C. Bliss (1907 - 1981) was one of the important national Republican party leaders of the 1960s and served as Chairman of the Republican National Committee from 1965 to 1969, during which time Richard M. Nixon was elected to his first term as president. ... Categories: People stubs | U.S. Secretaries of Commerce | 1914 births | 1979 deaths | U.S. Secretaries of the Interior ... Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... Mary Louise Smith (October 6, 1914–August 22, 1997) was a U.S. political organizer and womens rights activist. ... Peters Grandpa III (born November 23, 1930) was a Republican United States U.S. senator from Tennessee from 1971 to 1977. ... Richard (Dick) Richards was born in Ogden, Utah. ... Frank Fahrenkopf, Jr. ... Harvey Leroy Lee Atwater (February 26, 1951 â€“ March 29, 1991) was an American Republican political consultant and strategist. ... Clayton Keith Yeutter (born December 10, 1930) in Eustis, Nebraska. ... Richard N. Bond is a former chairman of the Republican National Committee, from 1992 to 1993. ... Haley Reeves Barbour (born October 22, 1947) is the current governor of Mississippi, and a Republican. ... Robert James Jim Nicholson is the current United States Secretary of Veterans Affairs. ... James S. Gilmore III (born October 6, 1949), commonly known as Jim Gilmore, is a Republican Party politician who served as Governor of Virginia and Chairman of the Republican National Committee. ... Marc F. Racicot /pronounced: ROSS-ko/ (born July 24, 1948) is a Republican Party politician. ... Edward Gillespie (born 1962) is an American conservative Republican political lobbyist. ... Ken Mehlman Kenneth Brian Mehlman (born August 21, 1966, Baltimore, Maryland) currently chairs the Republican National Committee. ... MelquÃades Rafael Mel MartÃnez (born October 23, 1946) is a Cuban-born American politician, currently a United States Senator from Florida and has agreed to head the Republican National Committee, after the partys current chairman, Ken Mehlman, steps down. ...

Cold War

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Participants: NATO · Warsaw Pact · Non-Aligned Movement · People's Republic of China

Timeline of events · Portal · Category

1940s

• Yalta Conference
• Potsdam Conference
• Gouzenko Affair
• Iran Crisis
• Chinese Civil War
• Greek Civil War
• Truman Doctrine
• Marshall Plan
• Czechoslovakian Coup
• Tito-Stalin split
• Berlin Blockade
For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_NATO.svg The flag of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). ... NATO 2002 Summit in Prague. ... Image File history File links Seal of the Warsaw Pact. ... Unofficial Seal of the Warsaw Pact Distinguish from the Warsaw Convention, which is an agreement about airlines financial liability and the Treaty of Warsaw (1970) between West Germany and the Peoples Republic of Poland. ... Member states of the Non-Aligned Movement (2005). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Although the Cold War can be considered to have begun in 1947, the timeline also lists important dates in the origins of the Cold War. ... The Big Three at the Yalta Conference, Winston Churchill, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph Stalin. ... Harry S. Truman and Joseph Stalin meeting at the Potsdam Conference on July 18, 1945. ... Gouzenko wearing his white hood for anonymity Igor Sergeyevich Gouzenko (January 13, 1919, Rogachev, Soviet Union â€“ June 1982, Mississauga) was a cipher clerk for the Soviet Embassy to Canada in Ottawa, Ontario. ... The Iran crisis an international crisis concerning Iran in 1946. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... Combatants Hellenic Army, Royalist forces, Republicans, British troops Communist guerillas (ELAS, DSE) Commanders Alexander Papagos, Thrasyvoulos Tsakalotos, James Van Fleet Markos Vafiadis Strength 100,000 men 20,000 men and women[] Casualties 12,777 killed 37,732 wounded 4,527 missing 38,000 killed[] 40,000 captured or surrendered The... Truman delivering the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947. ... Map of Cold-War era Europe and the Near East showing countries that received Marshall Plan aid. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Informbiro. ... Occupation zones after 1945. ...

1950s

• Korean War
• First Indochina War
• Iranian Coup
• Guatemalan Coup
• East German Uprising
• First Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Poznań June
• Hungarian Revolution
Combatants United Nations: Republic of Korea, Australia, Belgium, Luxembourg, Canada, Colombia, Ethiopia, France, Greece, Luxembourg, Netherlands, New Zealand, Philippines, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States Medical staff: Denmark, Australia, Italy, Norway, Sweden Communist states: Democratic Peopleâ€™s Republic of Korea, Peoples Republic of China, Soviet Union Commanders... Combatants France French Indochina Viá»‡t Minh Strength 500,000 at least 63,000, but estimates 100,000-950,000 Casualties 94,581 dead 78,127 wounded 40,000 captured 300,000+ dead 500,000+ wounded 100,000 captured The First Indochina War (also known as the French Indochina War... Soldiers surround the Parliament building in Tehran on August 19, 1953. ... Former president Jacobo Arbenz GuzmÃ¡n on the cover of TIME magazine in June 1954 after his overthrow Operation PBSUCCESS was a CIA-organized covert operation that overthrew the democratically-elected President of Guatemala, Jacobo Arbenz GuzmÃ¡n in 1954. ... Protesters marching through the Brandenburg Gate in Berlin The Uprising of 1953 in East Germany took place in June and November 1953. ... Taiwan Strait The First Taiwan Strait Crisis (also called the 1954-1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis or the 1955 Taiwan Strait Crisis) was a short armed conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments. ... PoznaÅ„ crosses commemorating the PoznaÅ„ 1956 protests and subsequent Polish protests against the communist political system. ... Combatants Soviet Union; ÃVH (Hungarian State Security Police) Ad hoc local Hungarian militias Commanders Ivan Konev Various independent militia leaders Strength 150,000 troops, 6,000 tanks Unknown number of militia and soldiers Casualties 722 killed, 1,251 wounded[1] 2,500 killed 13,000 wounded[2] The Hungarian Revolution...

• Suez Crisis
• Sputnik Crisis
• Second Taiwan Strait Crisis
• Cuban Revolution
Combatants Israel United Kingdom France Egypt Commanders Moshe Dayan Charles Keightley Pierre Barjot Gamal Abdel Nasser Strength 175,000 Israeli 45,000 British 34,000 French 70,000 Casualties 197 Israeli KIA 56 British KIA 91 British WIA 10 French KIA 43 French WIA 650 KIA 2,900 WIA 2... Sputnik 1 The Sputnik crisis was a turn point of the Cold War that began on October 4, 1957 when the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik 1 satellite. ... Taiwan Strait The Second Taiwan Strait Crisis, also called the 1958 Taiwan Strait Crisis, was a conflict that took place between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC) governments in which the PRC was accused by Taiwan of shelling the islands of Matsu and... The Cuban Revolution refers to the revolutionary war in Cuba culminating in the overthrow of Fulgencio Batistaâ€™s government on January 1, 1959 by the 26th of July Movement and other revolutionary elements in the country. ...

1960s

• Congo Crisis
• Sino-Soviet Split
• U-2 Crisis of 1960
• Bay of Pigs Invasion
• Cuban Missile Crisis
• Construction of the Berlin Wall
• Vietnam War
• U.S. Invasion of Dominican Republic
• Overthrow of Sukarno
• Bangkok Declaration
• Secret War in Laos
• Regime of the Colonels in Greece
• Prague Spring
• Détente
• Sino-Soviet Border Conflict
Combatants Congo UN troops Katanga Belgium Mercenaries The Congo Crisis (1960-1965) was a period of turmoil in the First Republic of the Congo that began with national independence from Belgium and ended with the seizing of power by Joseph Mobutu. ... The Sino-Soviet split was a major diplomatic conflict between the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR), beginning in the late 1950s, reaching a peak in 1969 and continuing in various ways until the late 1980s. ... The Uâ€“2 Crisis of 1960 occurred when an American Uâ€“2 spy plane was shot down over the Soviet Union. ... Combatants Cubans trained by Soviet advisers Cuban exiles trained by the United States Commanders Fidel Castro JosÃ© RamÃ³n FernÃ¡ndez Francisco Ciutat de Miguel Grayston Lynch Pepe San Roman Erneido Oliva Strength 51,000 1,500 Casualties various estimates; over 1,600 dead (Triay p. ... The Cuban Missile Crisis was a confrontation during the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States in Cuba. ... East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 20 November 1961. ... Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... Operation Power Pack was the American intervention in the Dominican Republic in 1965. ... The overthrow of Sukarno and the violence that followed it was a conflict in Indonesia from 1965 to 1966 between forces loyal to then-President Sukarno and the Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) and forces loyal to a right-wing military faction led by General Abdul Haris Nasution and Maj. ... ASEAN Declaration or Bangkok Declaration is the founding document of Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). ... Combatants Kingdom of Laos, United States, Thailand, Republic of Vietnam Pathet Lao Democratic Republic of Vietnam The Secret War (1962-1975) also known as the Laotian Civil War was a term used to describe the Laotian front of the Vietnam War. ... The Phoenix rising from its flames and the silhouette of the soldier bearing a rifle with fixed bayonet was the emblem of the Junta. ... People in a cafÃ© watch Soviet tanks roll past The Prague Spring (Czech: PraÅ¾skÃ© jaro, Slovak: PraÅ¾skÃ¡ jar, Russian: Ð¿Ñ€Ð°Ð¶ÑÐºÐ°Ñ Ð²ÐµÑÐ½Ð°) was a period of political liberalization in Czechoslovakia starting January 5, 1968 when Alexander DubÄek came to power, and running until August 20 of that year when the... DÃ©tente is a French term, meaning a relaxing or easing; the term has been used in international politics since the early 1970s. ... Combatants Peopleâ€™s Republic of China Soviet Union Commanders Mao Tse-Tung Leonid Brezhnev Strength 814,000 658,000 Casualties 800 killed, 620 wounded, 1 lost [1] 58 killed, 94 wounded [2] The Sino-Soviet border conflict of 1969 was a series of armed clashes between the Soviet Union and...

1970s

• Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
• Cambodian Civil War
• Ping Pong Diplomacy
• Four Power Agreement on Berlin
• 1972 Nixon Visit to China
• Overthrow of Allende
• Yom Kippur War
• SALT I
• Angolan Civil War
• Mozambican Civil War
• Ogaden War
• Third Indochina War
• SALT II
• Iranian Revolution
Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty Opened for signature July 1, 1968 in New York Entered into force March 5, 1970 Conditions for entry into force Ratification by the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, the United States, and 40 other signatory states. ... Combatants Khmer Republic, United States, Republic of Vietnam Khmer Rouge, Democratic Republic of Vietnam, National Liberation Front of South Vietnam (NLF) Strength ~250,000 FANK troops ~100,000 (60,000) Khmer Rouge Casualties ~600,000 dead, 1,000,000+ wounded[1] The Cambodian Civil War was a conflict that pitted... Three-Time World Mens Singles Champion Zhuang Zedong (left) and U.S. team member Glenn Cowan (right) on the Chinese team bus in Nagoya, Japan, 1971. ... The Four Power Agreement on Berlin[1] was signed on 3 September 1971 by the foreign ministers of the four powers, United Kingdom, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, France, and the United States. ... Richard Nixon (right) meets with Mao Zedong in 1972. ... Prisoners outside the La Moneda Palace after their surrender during the coup (1973). ... Combatants Israel Aided by USA Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Iraq Aided By Saudi Arabia Pakistan Cuba Uganda Libya, Commanders Moshe Dayan, David Elazar, Ariel Sharon, Shmuel Gonen, Benjamin Peled, Israel Tal, Rehavam Zeevi, Aharon Yariv, Yitzhak Hofi, Rafael Eitan, Abraham Adan, Yanush Ben Gal Saad El Shazly, Ahmad Ismail Ali, Hosni... The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... Combatants MPLA SWAPO Republic of Cuba U.S.S.R. UNITA Republic of South Africa Republic of Zaire U.S.A. Commanders JosÃ© Eduardo dos Santos Jonas Savimbi Casualties Civilians killed = hundreds of thousands The Angolan Civil War was a conflict that devastated newly-independent Angola following the end of... The Mozambican Civil War started in Mozambique during the 1970s following independence in 1975. ... Combatants Ethiopia Cuba South Yemen Somalia WSLF Commanders Mengistu Haile Mariam Vasily Petrov[1][2] Siad Barre Strength 217,000 Ethiopians 1,500 Soviet advisors 15,000 Cubans 2,000 South Yemenis SNA 60,000 WSLF 15,000 Casualties Unknown 20,000 killed or wounded 1/2 of the Air... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Strategic Arms Limitation Talks refers to two rounds of bilateral talks and corresponding international treaties between the Soviet Union and United States, the Cold War superpowers, on the issue of armament control. ... 1980 Iranian stamp commemorating the Islamic Revolution Protestors take to the street in support of Ayatollah Khomeini. ...

1980s

• Soviet-Afghan War
• Central American Crisis
• Able Archer 83
• Polish Solidarity Movement
Combatants Soviet Union Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Afghan and foreign Mujahideen rebels supported by nations such as: United States, Peoples Republic of China, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, Iran Commanders Soviet forces only Boris Gromov Pavel Grachev Valentin Varennikov Abdul Haq Jalaluddin Haqqani Gulbuddin Hekmatyar Mohammed Khalis Ismail Khan Ahmed Shah... Beginning in the late 1970s, major civil wars erupted in the Central American region, and became one of the major foreign policy crises of the 1980s. ... Able Archer 83 was a ten-day NATO exercise starting on November 2, 1983 that spanned the continent of Europe and simulated a coordinated nuclear release. ... Solidarity (Polish: ; full name: Independent Self-governing Trade Union Solidarity â€” NiezaleÅ¼ny SamorzÄ…dny ZwiÄ…zek Zawodowy SolidarnoÅ›Ä‡) is a Polish trade union federation founded in September 1980 at the Lenin Shipyards, and originally led by Lech WaÅ‚Ä™sa. ...

• Invasion of Grenada
• Fall of the Berlin Wall
• Revolutions of 1989
Combatants United States Antigua and Barbuda Barbados Dominica Jamaica Saint Lucia Saint Vincent & the Grenadines Grenada Cuba Strength 7,300 Grenada: 1,500 regulars Cuba: 600 (mostly engineers)[1] Casualties 19 killed; 116 wounded[2] Grenada: 45 military and at least 24 civilian deaths; 358 wounded. ... East German construction workers building the Berlin Wall, 20 November 1961. ... The Eastern Bloc prior to the political upheavals of 1989. ...

1990s

• Dissolution of the USSR
This is a history of the Soviet Union from 1985 to 1991. ...

See also

• Bricker Amendment
• Glasnost
• Iron Curtain
• McCarthyism
• Operation Condor
• Operation Gladio
• Perestroika
• Soviet espionage in US
Senator John W. Bricker, the sponsor of the proposed constitutional amendment to limit the treaty power of the United States government. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Warsaw Pact countries to the east of the Iron Curtain are shaded red; NATO members to the west of it â€” blue. ... A 1947 comic book published by the Catechetical Guild Educational Society warning of the dangers of a Communist takeover. ... For other uses of Operation Condor, please see Operation Condor (disambiguation) Participating countries of the Operation Condor; in pink those with partial participation (i. ... Emblem of Gladio, Italian branch of the NATO stay-behind paramilitary organizations. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... // Browder, Golos and Peters By the mid to late 1920s, there were three elements of Soviet power operating in the United States, despite the absence of formal diplomatic relations, the Comintern, military intelligence or GRU, and the forerunner of the KGB, the GPU. The Comintern was the dominant arm, though...

Establishments

• CIA
• Comecon
• European Community
• KGB
• Stasi
The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an intelligence agency of the United States government. ... A Soviet poster reading COMECON: Unity of Goals, Unity of Action The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON / Comecon / CMEA / CEMA), 1949 â€“ 1991, was an economic organization of communist states and a kind of Eastern Bloc equivalent toâ€”but more inclusive thanâ€”the European Economic Community. ... The European Community (EC), most important of two European Communities, was originally founded on March 25, 1957 by the signing of the Treaty of Rome under the name of European Economic Community. ... Note: This article is about the KGB of the USSR. KGB is also the official title of the Belarusian intelligence services. ... Logo of East Germanys Ministerium fÃ¼r Staatssicherheit (MfS or Stasi) / Ministry for State Security This article is about Stasi, the secret police of East Germany. ...

Ideologies

• Capitalism
• Communism
• Maoism
It has been suggested that Definitions of capitalism be merged into this article or section. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...

Races

• Arms race
• Nuclear arms race
• Space Race
The term arms race in its original usage describes a competition between two or more parties for military supremacy. ... U.S. and USSR/Russian nuclear weapons stockpiles, 1945-2006. ... For a list of key events, see Timeline of space exploration. ...

Foreign policy

• Brezhnev Doctrine
• Ulbricht Doctrine
• Carter Doctrine
• Containment
• Domino Theory
• Eisenhower Doctrine
• Johnson Doctrine
• Kennedy Doctrine
• Nixon Doctrine
• Ostpolitik
• Peaceful coexistence
• Reagan Doctrine
• Rollback
• Truman Doctrine
The Brezhnev Doctrine was a Soviet policy doctrine, introduced by Leonid Brezhnev in a speech at the Fifth Congress of the Polish United Workers Party on November 13, 1968, which stated: When forces that are hostile to socialism try to turn the development of some socialist country towards capitalism, it... The Ulbricht Doctrine, named after East German leader Walter Ulbricht, was the assertion that normal diplomatic relations between East Germany and West Germany could only occur if both states fully recognised each others sovereignty. ... The Carter Doctrine was proclaimed by President Jimmy Carter in his State of the Union Address on 23 January 1980. ... Containment refers to the foreign policy strategy of the United States in the early years of the Cold War in which it was to stop what it called the domino effect of nations moving politically towards Soviet Union-based communism, rather than European-American-based democracy. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Eisenhower Doctrine, given in a message to Congress on January 5, 1957 stated the United States would use armed forces upon request in response to imminent or actual aggression to the United States. ... The Johnson Doctrine, enunciated by U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... The Kennedy Doctrine refers to foreign policy initiatives of the 35th President of the United States, John Fitzgerald Kennedy, towards Latin America during his term in office between 1961 and 1963. ... The Nixon Doctrine was put forth in a press conference in Guam on July 25, 1969 by Richard Nixon. ... Ostpolitik or Eastern Politics describes the realisation of the Change through Rapprochement principle, verbalised by Egon Bahr in 1963, by the effort of Willy Brandt, Chancellor of West Germany, to normalize relations with Eastern European nations including East Germany. ... Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed during the Cold War among Communist states that they could peacefully coexist with capitalist states. ... The Reagan Doctrine was an important Cold War strategy by the United States to oppose the influence of the Soviet Union by backing anti-communist guerrillas against the communist governments of Soviet-backed client states. ... Rollback was a term used by American foreign policy thinkers during the Cold War. ... Truman delivering the Truman Doctrine on March 12, 1947. ...

Contents

Early years

World War II

Marriage, Yale, and Skull & Bones

Business ventures

Campaigns for Senate and Congress

1970s

1980 presidential campaign

Vice Presidency

1988 presidential campaign

Presidency 1989-1993

Policies

Manuel Noriega

Gulf War

Post-Soviet breakup

NAFTA

Pardons

Administration and Cabinet

Supreme Court appointments

1992 re-election campaign

Post-Presidency

Health

News and Events

Tributes

Trivia

Quotes

Notes

Further reading

See also

External links

Contents

Early years GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

World War II

Marriage, Yale, and Skull & Bones

Business ventures

Campaigns for Senate and Congress

1970s

1980 presidential campaign

Vice Presidency

1988 presidential campaign

Presidency 1989-1993

Policies

Manuel Noriega

Gulf War

Post-Soviet breakup

NAFTA

Pardons

Administration and Cabinet

Supreme Court appointments

1992 re-election campaign

Post-Presidency

Health

News and Events

Tributes

Trivia

Quotes

Notes

Further reading

See also

External links

Early years