Afghanistan has only intermittently been a republic - between 1973-1992 and from 2001 onwards - at other times being governed by a variety of kings, emirs and (under the mujahideen and Taliban regimes in the 1990s) Islamist rulers. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      For other uses, see Republic (disambiguation). ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Entrance to the emirs palace in Bukhara. ... Mujahideen ( Arabic: ‎, , literally strugglers) is a term for Muslims fighting in a war or involved in any other struggle. ... Armed Taliban in pickup truck in Herat, July 2001. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

The present constitution of Afghanistan grants the president wide powers over military and legislative affairs, with a relatively weak national parliament. These were a subject of considerable controversy when debated by the country's loya jirga in December 2003. However, they were seen by the interim administration and its Western backers as being essential to securing the stability of Afghanistan. The Constitution of afghanistan became the official law of Afghanistan when the 2003 Loya jirga approved it by the consensus on January 4, 2004. ... A parliament is a legislature, especially in those countries whose system of government is based on the Westminster system modelled after that of the United Kingdom. ... Loya Jirga (June 13, 2002) Loya jirga, occasionally loya jirgah, is a large meeting held in Afghanistan, originally attended by Pashtun groups but later including other ethnic groups. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Latest election

Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي, Persian: حامد کرزی) (b. ... The Pashtuns (also Pushtun, Pakhtun, ethnic Afghan, or Pathan) are an ethno-linguistic group consisting mainly of eastern Iranian stock living primarily in eastern and southern Afghanistan, and the North West Frontier Province, Federally Administered Tribal Areas and Baluchistan provinces of Pakistan. ... Yunus Qanuni (يونس قانوني, also transliterated Qanooni and Qanouni) (born 1957) is an Afghan politician. ... This article is about the Central Asian Persians known as Tajiks. ... Haji Mohammad Mohaqiq is a high-ranking official of the Hizb-e-Wahdat political party of Afghanistan. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... General Abdul Rashid Dostum (also Abdurrashid Dostum, born 1954), a powerful ethnic Uzbek warlord is the principal leader of Afghanistans Uzbek community. ... Abdul LatÄ«f Pedrām (Persian: ‎ ) is an active politician and a former candidate for presidency in Afghanistan. ... Massouda Jalal (born 5th January 1962) was the only woman candidate in the Afghan presidential election of 2004. ... Ahmad Shah Ahmadzai (born 1944) is an Afghan politician who served as prime minister of Afghanistan from 1995 to 1996. ...

Presidents of Afghanistan

Republic of Afghanistan (1973-1978)

Order		Name	Innagurated	Left Office	Flag	Political Party
1st President		Sardar Mohammad Daud Khan	July 17, 1973	April 27, 1978		National Revolutionary Party

1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Sardar Mohammed Daoud Khan (July 18, 1909 - April 28, 1978) was an Afghani statesman and President of the Republic of Afghanistan from 1973 until his assassination in 1978 as a result of a revolution led by the quasi-Marxist Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA). ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... 1973 (MCMLXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday. ... April 27 is the 117th day of the year (118th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 248 days remaining. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1554x1044, 97 KB) This image (or all images in this article or category) was uploaded in the JPEG format. ...

Democratic Republic of Afghanistan (April 1978 - November 1987)

The government was reconstructed in classical Leninist fashion. Until 1985 it was governed by a provisional constitution, The Fundamental Principles of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. Supreme sovereignty was vested in a Revolutionary Council, originally a body of fifty-eight members whose number later varied. Its executive committee, the Presidium, exercised power when the council was not in formal session. The Revolutionary Council was presided over by the President of the Democratic Republic. 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Vladimir Lenin in 1920 Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin, and by other theorists who claim to be carrying on Lenins work. ... The Presidium or Praesidium (from Latin praesidium meaning protection or defense so plural presidia or praesidia) is the name for the executive committee of various legislative and organizational bodies. ...

Order		Name	Inaugurated	Left Office	Flag	Political Party
1st President		Nur Mohammad Taraki	April 30, 1978	September 14, 1979		PDPA - Khalq
2nd President		Hafizullah Amin	September 14, 1979	December 27, 1979		PDPA - Khalq
3th President		Babrak Karmal	December 27, 1979	November 24, 1986		PDPA - Parcham
Interim		Haji Mohammad Chamkani	November 24, 1986	September 30, 1987		Independent
4th President		Mohammad Najibullah	September 30, 1987	November 30, 1987		PDPA - Parcham

Nur Muhammad Taraki (1913? - 1979) was an Afghan political figure amateur poet, and publicly-notorious revolutionary. ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_People's_Democratic_Party_of_Afghanistan. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Khalq (Masses) was a faction of the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... September 14 is the 257th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (258th in leap years). ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (362nd in leap years). ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1903x947, 92 KB) This image (or all images in this article or category) was uploaded in the JPEG format. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... Khalq (Masses) was a faction of the Peoples Democratic Party of Afghanistan. ... Babrak Karmal (January 6, 1929 - December 3, 1996) was the third President of Afghanistan (1979 - 1986) during the period of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... December 27 is the 361st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (362nd in leap years). ... For the song by The Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links AfghanFlag1980. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... A communist group in Afghanistan formed in 1967 by USSRs help. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1986 (MCMLXXXVI) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links AfghanFlag1980. ... Dr. Mohammad Najibullah (Pashto/Persian: ‎ ; born 1947, died September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1987. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... A communist group in Afghanistan formed in 1967 by USSRs help. ...

Republic of Afghanistan (November 1987 - April 1996)

A new constitution took effect in November 1987. The name of the country was reverted to the Republic of Afghanistan; the State Council was replaced by a National Assembly for which "progressive parties" could freely compete. 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Order		Name	Inaugurated	Left Office	Flag	Political Party
2nd President		Mohammad Najibullah	November 30, 1987	April 16, 1992		PDPA - Parcham
Interim		Abdul Rahim Hatef	April 16, 1992	April 28, 1992		PDPA - Parcham

Dr. Mohammad Najibullah (Pashto/Persian: ‎ ; born 1947, died September 27, 1996) was the fourth and last President of the communist Democratic Republic of Afghanistan. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1987. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... A communist group in Afghanistan formed in 1967 by USSRs help. ... Abdul Rahim Hatef is an Afghan politician. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1987. ... ‹The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... A communist group in Afghanistan formed in 1967 by USSRs help. ...

Islamic State of Afghanistan (April 1992 - September 1996)

Order		Name	Inaugurated	Left Office	Flag	Political Party
Interim President		Sibghatullah Mojaddedi	April 28, 1992	June 28, 1992		Afghan National Liberation Front
1st President		Burhanuddin Rabbani	June 28, 1992	September 27, 1996		Jamiat-e Islami

• After the Taliban was deposed in 2001 Rabbani proclaimed himself as President from November 13 to December 22.

• Hamid Karzai became interim administrator of the provisional government from December 7 to December 22, 2004.

Sibghatullah Al-Mojaddedi (born 1926). ... April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1992_free. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... June 28 is the 179th day of the year (180th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 186 days remaining. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan_1992_free. ... Jamiat-e-Islami was a criminal group led by Rabani and Massoud(biggest traitors). ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... November 13 is the 317th day of the year (318th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 48 days remaining. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي, Persian: حامد کرزی) (b. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... December 22 is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Islamic Republic of Afghanistan (2004- )

Order		Name	Inaugurated	Left Office	Flag	Political Party
1st President		Hamid Karzai	December 7, 2004	Incumbent		None

2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Hamid Karzai (Pashto: حامد کرزي, Persian: حامد کرزی) (b. ... December 7 is the 341st day (342nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Afghanistan. ...

External links

• Presidency of Afghanistan - The official website of the Office of the President of Afghanistan.