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Encyclopedia > President of Romania
President of Romania

Presumtive flag of
The President of Romania
Incumbent:
Traian Băsescu
Took office: December 2004
confirmed on 19 May 2007
Term length five years
(renewable once;
therms may be consecutive)
Inaugural Constantin I. Parhon
(the first republican head of state)
Nicolae Ceauşescu
(the first to officially bear the title)
Formation 1948
March 29, 1974
Website www.presidency.ro
Romania

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Romania The following is a list of flags of Romania. ... Image File history File linksMetadata No higher resolution available. ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... Look up December in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... A national referendum to impeach suspended President Traian Băsescu was held in Romania on 19 May 2007, after Parliament voted on 19 April 2007 in favor of Băsescus impeachment on account of alleged unconstitutional conduct. ... Constantin Ion Parhon (October 15, 1874 - August 9, 1969) was a Romanian scientist, politician and head of state from 1947 to 1952. ... Nicolae Ceauşescu (IPA , in English, sometimes (and erroneously) ) (January 26, 1918–December 25, 1989) was the leader of Romania from 1965 until December 1989, when a revolution and coup removed him from power. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Romania_Coat_of_Arms. ... Politics of Romania takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ...

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The President of Romania is the head of state of Romania. The President is directly elected by a two-round system for a five-year term (since 2004, after the Constitution was modified in 2003). He or she can serve two terms. During his term in office, the President must not be a member of any political party. Romania elects on a national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. ... Romania will have the first round of the Presidential election on November 28, 2009 and the second round on December 12. ... Romanian legislative elections will be held on November 28, 2008. ... Romania will elect its members of the European Parliament for the first time on the second half of 2007; the election was initially scheduled for 13 May, but the PM postponed it for domestic political reasons. ... A presidential election was held in Romania on November 28, 2004. ... The Romanian legislative election of 2004 was held on November 28, 2004. ... Romanias administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified. ... Map of development regions The development regions of Romania refer to the regional divisions created in Romania in 1998 in order to better co-ordinate regional development as Romania progressed towards accession to the European Union. ... Administrative map of Romania. ... The current legislation in Romania reglementates the status of the 265 cities according to their population and regional importance: Rank 0 - Bucharest, the capital of Romania - municipality of European importance Rank I - municipality of national importance, with regional role and potential influlence at European level Rank II - municipality of national... A municipality (municipiu in Romanian) is a level of administrative subdivision in Romania. ... The six sectors The Municipality of Bucharest (the capital of Romania) is divided into six administrative sectors (sectoare in Romanian), each of which has their own mayor and council, and has responsibility over local affairs, such as secondary streets, parks, schools and the cleaning services. ... List of Romanian Cities (by Population) See also List of cities in Romania (alphabetically) List of cities External link Map Categories: Cities in Romania | Lists of cities ... A commune (comună in Romanian) is the lowest level of administrative subdivision in Romania. ... // Priorities Since December 1989, Romania has actively pursued a policy of strengthening relations with the West in general, more specifically with the United States and the European Union. ... Template:Foreign relations of Romania Romania joined the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) on March 29, 2004 following the decision taken at the Prague Summit, in November 2002. ... Moldova and Romania have experienced many ups and downs in their relationship since Moldovas independence in 1991. ... Map of a unified Romanian-Moldovan state as advocated by the Unionist Movement. ... The following is a list of diplomatic missions of Romania, excluding honorary consulates. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... An example of runoff voting. ... Political parties in Romania lists political parties in Romania. ...


The current President of Romania is Manuel since 17 April 2008. On 20 April 2007 he was suspended from office. He re-assumed the office on 23 May 2007. Look up manuel in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... is the 107th day of the year (108th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

Contents

List of Presidents of Romania (1947-Present)

Socialist Republic of Romania (1947-1989)

The Soviets pressed for inclusion of Romanias heretofore negligible Communist Party in the post-war government, while non-communist political leaders were steadily eliminated from political life. ...

Chairman of the Presidium of the Romanian People's Republic

Name Term start Term end Political Party
Constantin Ion Parhon 30 December 1947 13 April 1948 Romanian Communist Party (until 1948), Romanian Workers' Party (since 1948)

Constantin Ion Parhon (October 15, 1874 - August 9, 1969) was a Romanian scientist, politician and head of state from 1947 to 1952. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1947 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... PCR hammer and sickle symbol The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a Communist political party in Romania. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Chairmen of the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly

Name Term start Term end Political Party
Constantin I. Parhon 13 April 1948 2 June 1952 Romanian Workers' Party
Petru Groza 3 June 1952 7 January 1958 Romanian Workers' Party
Mihail Sadoveanu (acting) 7 January 1958 11 January 1958 Romanian Workers' Party
+ Anton Moisescu (acting) 7 January 1958 11 January 1958 Romanian Workers' Party
Ion Gheorghe Maurer 11 January 1958 21 March 1961 Romanian Workers' Party

Constantin Ion Parhon (October 15, 1874 - August 9, 1969) was a Romanian scientist, politician and head of state from 1947 to 1952. ... is the 103rd day of the year (104th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1948 (MCMXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the 1948 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Petru Groza (December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician, best know as Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania. ... is the 154th day of the year (155th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1952 (MCMLII) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Mihail Sadoveanu (November 5, 1880—October 19, 1961) was a Romanian novelist and political figure; one of the most prolific Romanian language writers, he is remembered mostly for his historical novels. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... is the 7th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Ion Gheorghe Maurer (September 23, 1902 - February 8, 2000) was a Romanian politician and lawyer. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ...

Presidents of the Council of State

Name Term start Term end Political Party
Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 21 March 1961 19 March 1965 Romanian Workers' Party
Ion Gheorghe Maurer (acting) 19 March 1965 24 March 1965 Romanian Workers' Party
+ Ştefan Voitec (acting) 19 March 1965 24 March 1965 Romanian Workers' Party
+ Avram Bunaciu (acting) 19 March 1965 24 March 1965 Romanian Workers' Party
Chivu Stoica 24 March 1965 9 December 1967 Romanian Workers' Party (until 1965), Romanian Communist Party (since 1965)
Nicolae Ceauşescu 9 December 1967 28 March 1974 Romanian Communist Party

Gheorghiu-Dej (center) and CeauÅŸescu (left) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (November 8, 1901, Bârlad - March 19, 1965, Bucharest) was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965. ... is the 80th day of the year (81st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Ion Gheorghe Maurer (September 23, 1902 - February 8, 2000) was a Romanian politician and lawyer. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Åžtefan Voitec (1900—December 5, 1984) was a Romanian socialist and communist journalist, politician, and statesman of Communist Romania. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... is the 78th day of the year (79th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Chivu Stoica (1908 - 1975) was a Romanian Communist political figure. ... is the 83rd day of the year (84th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român) was a Communist political party in Romania until 1989. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... PCR hammer and sickle symbol The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a Communist political party in Romania. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA , in English, sometimes (and erroneously) ) (January 26, 1918–December 25, 1989) was the leader of Romania from 1965 until December 1989, when a revolution and coup removed him from power. ... is the 343rd day of the year (344th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1967 (MCMLXVII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... PCR hammer and sickle symbol The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a Communist political party in Romania. ...

President

Name Term start Term end Political Party
Nicolae Ceauşescu 28 March 1974 22 December 1989 (deposed in Romanian Revolution) Romanian Communist Party

Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA , in English, sometimes (and erroneously) ) (January 26, 1918–December 25, 1989) was the leader of Romania from 1965 until December 1989, when a revolution and coup removed him from power. ... is the 87th day of the year (88th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the 1974 Gregorian calendar. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... People on the streets of Bucharest The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and protests in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. ... PCR hammer and sickle symbol The Romanian Communist Party (Romanian: Partidul Comunist Român, PCR) was a Communist political party in Romania. ...

Romania (1989-Present)

The title is "President of Romania" (Romanian: Preşedintele României). Article 84 of the Romanian Constitution forbids the President to be member of any political party during his (or her) term (only). The Romanian Constitution is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the countrys citizens, and its mode of passing laws. ...

Name Term start Term end
Council of the National Salvation Front 22 December 1989 26 December 1989
Ion Iliescu (1st time) (President of the Council of the National Salvation Front until 13 February 1990; President of the Provisional National Unity Council from 13 February 1990) 26 December 1989 20 June 1990
Ion Iliescu (2nd time) 20 June 1990 29 November 1996
Emil Constantinescu 29 November 1996 20 December 2000
Ion Iliescu (3rd time) 20 December 2000 20 December 2004
Traian Băsescu 20 December 2004 19 April 2007 (suspended)
Nicolae Văcăroiu (ad interim) 20 April 2007 23 May 2007
Traian Băsescu 23 May 2007 (resumed office) Present

The National Salvation Front (in Romanian, Frontul Salvării Naţionale, FSN) was the governing body of Romania in the first weeks after the Romanian Revolution of 1989, subsequently turned into a political party. ... is the 356th day of the year (357th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 44th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 360th day of the year (361st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays 1989 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... is the 171st day of the year (172nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... is the 333rd day of the year (334th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... is the 354th day of the year (355th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Nicolae Văcăroiu (born on December 5, 1943 in Cetatea Albă, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. ... is the 110th day of the year (111th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ...

External links

  • Official site of the Romanian presidency
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Heads of State of Romania
United Principalities of Romania
Domnitor of Romania (1859-1881)		 Cuza • Carol I



Kingdom of Romania
King of the Romanians (1881-1947)		 Carol I • Ferdinand I • Michael I • Carol II • Michael I
Romanian People's Republic
Interim Presidential Committee (1947-1948)
President of the State Council (1948-1965)		 Parhon • Groza • Maurer • Gheorghiu-Dej
Socialist Republic of Romania
President of the State Council (1965-1989)
President of the S.R. Romania (1974-1989)		 Stoica • Ceauşescu
Post-1989 Romania
President of Romania (1989-present)		 Iliescu • Constantinescu • Iliescu • Băsescu • Văcăroiu • Băsescu
italics denotes interim • Categories: Romanian heads of state, Presidents of Romania, Romanian monarchs
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Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Domnitor (pl. ... Alexander John (Alexandru Ioan) Cuza Alexandru Ioan Cuza (March 20, 1820, Galaţi - May 15, 1873, Heidelberg), known more commonly in English as Alexander John Cuza, was the ruler (1859-1866) of the United Principalites of Romania. ... Carol I, original name Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (April 20, 1839 - October 10, 1914) was elected Domnitor (prince) of Romania in April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza, and proclaimed king on March 26, 1881. ... Image File history File links Romania_Coat_of_Arms. ... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor)[1] rather than King of Romania (Romanian: Regele României) was the official title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947 when Romania was proclaimed a republic. ... Carol I, original name Karl Eitel Friedrich Zephyrinus Ludwig von Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (April 20, 1839 - October 10, 1914) was elected Domnitor (prince) of Romania in April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexander John Cuza, and proclaimed king on March 26, 1881. ... Ferdinand of Romania Ferdinand or Ferdinand I (August 24, 1865-July 20, 1927) was the king of Romania from October 10, 1914 until his death Born in Sigmaringen in southwestern Germany, Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen became heir to the throne of his childless uncle, King Carol I of Romania... King Michael I of the Romanians (born October 25, 1921), Prince of Hohenzollern[1][2][3], reigned as King of the Romanians (in Romanian Maiestatea Sa Mihai I Regele Românilor or Majestatea Sa Mihai I Regele Românilor) from July 20, 1927 to June 8, 1930, and again from... Carol II of Romania, (15 October 1893 – 4 April 1953) reigned as King of Romania from June 8, 1930 until September 6, 1940. ... King Michael I of the Romanians (born October 25, 1921), Prince of Hohenzollern[1][2][3], reigned as King of the Romanians (in Romanian Maiestatea Sa Mihai I Regele Românilor or Majestatea Sa Mihai I Regele Românilor) from July 20, 1927 to June 8, 1930, and again from... Anthem Zdrobite cătuÅŸe (1947 - 1953) Te slăvim Românie (1953 - 1968) Trei Culori (1968-1989) Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Socialist republic Head of State  - 1947–1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej  - 1965-1989 Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Legislature Marea Adunare NaÅ£ionalÇŽ Historical era Cold War  - Monarchy abolished... Constantin Ion Parhon (October 15, 1874 - August 9, 1969) was a Romanian scientist, politician and head of state from 1947 to 1952. ... Petru Groza (December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958) was a Romanian politician, best know as Prime Minister of the first Communist Party-dominated governments under Soviet occupation during the early stages of the Communist regime in Romania. ... Ion Gheorghe Maurer (September 23, 1902 - February 8, 2000) was a Romanian politician and lawyer. ... Gheorghiu-Dej (center) and CeauÅŸescu (left) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (November 8, 1901, Bârlad - March 19, 1965, Bucharest) was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965. ... Anthem Zdrobite cătuÅŸe (1947 - 1953) Te slăvim Românie (1953 - 1968) Trei Culori (1968-1989) Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Socialist republic Head of State  - 1947–1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej  - 1965-1989 Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Legislature Marea Adunare NaÅ£ionalÇŽ Historical era Cold War  - Monarchy abolished... Chivu Stoica (1908 - 1975) was a Romanian Communist political figure. ... Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA , in English, sometimes (and erroneously) ) (January 26, 1918–December 25, 1989) was the leader of Romania from 1965 until December 1989, when a revolution and coup removed him from power. ... // 1989 marked the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... Nicolae Văcăroiu (born on December 5, 1943 in Cetatea Albă, now Bilhorod-Dnistrovskyi in Ukraine) is a Romanian politician, member of the Social Democratic Party, who served as Prime Minister between 1992 and 1996. ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... Romania Romania, a country in Europe History of Romania Politics of Romania Counties of Romania Economy of Romania Geography of Romania Demographics of Romania Culture of Romania Foreign relations of Romania Transportation in Romania The Romanian language and its dialects outside Romania: Istro-Romanian, Megleno-Romanian and Macedo-Romanian. ... This article provides only a brief outline of each period of the History of Romania; details are presented in separate articles (see the links in the box and below). ... // Categories: | ... Prehistoric Romania is the period in the human occupation (including early hominins) of the geographical area encompassing present-day Romania, which extended through prehistory, and ended when the first written records appeared. ... For other uses, see Dacia (disambiguation). ... The provinces of the Roman Empire in 120, with Dacia highlighted. ... This article (also known as Romania in the Dark Ages) treats the history of Romania and of the Romanian people, and refers to the time period roughly from the 5th century to the 10th century, that is between the Hunnic invasion, to the last phase of the Age of Migrations. ... // Main article: Romania in the Dark Ages The Dark Ages in what is now Romania ended around the 11th century, following the period in which the Romanian lands had been part of the First Bulgarian Empire (802-1018). ... It has been suggested that Byzantium after Byzantium be merged into this article or section. ... During the period of Austro-Hungarian rule in Transylvania and Ottoman suzerainty over Wallachia and Moldavia, most Romanians were in the situation of being second-class citizens (or even non-citizens) in their own country. ... In United States administrative law, an organic statute is a statute enacted by Congress that creates an administrative agency, and defines its authorities and responsibilities. ... From 1859 to 1877, Romania evolved from a personal union of two vassal principalities (Moldavia and Wallachia) under a single prince to a full-fledged independent kingdom with a Hohenzollern monarchy. ... Combatants Central Powers, Bulgaria Romania, Russia Commanders General Falkenhayn General Mackensen General Averescu, General Zaionchovsky Strength 450,000 600,000 Casualties 60,000 roughly 330,000 (50% POWs) The Romanian Campaign was a campaign in the Balkans theatre of World War I fought between Romania and Russia against armies of... Anthem Trăiască Regele Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Constitutional monarchy Head of State  - 1918 - 1927 Ferdinand I of Romania  - 1927 - 1930 - 1930 - 1940 - 1940 - 1947 Michael I of Romania Carol II of Romania Michael I of Romania Legislature Adunarea DeputaÅ£ilor and Senatul Historical era Interbellum Years  - Kingdom... In June of 1941, after a brief period of nominal neutrality under King Carol, Romania joined the Axis Powers. ... Anthem Zdrobite cătuÅŸe (1947 - 1953) Te slăvim Românie (1953 - 1968) Trei Culori (1968-1989) Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Socialist republic Head of State  - 1947–1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej  - 1965-1989 Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Legislature Marea Adunare NaÅ£ionalÇŽ Historical era Cold War  - Monarchy abolished... (Redirected from 1989 Romanian Revolution) People on the streets of Bucharest The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and protests in late December of 1989 that overthrew the Communist regime of Nicolae Ceauşescu. ... // 1989 marked the fall of Communism in Eastern Europe. ... Romanias natural landscape is almost evenly divided among mountains (31 percent), hills (33 percent), and plains (36 percent). ... An incomplete list of mountains in Romania. ... This is a list of rivers flowing in Romania. ... This article is about the Danube River. ... Romania, while not famed for its lakes, does have some important ones. ... This is a list of protected areas of Romania. ... All the genera and species of plants found in Romania are presented in The Flora of Romania Illustrated determinator of vascular plants vol I Romanian Academy Publishing House, 1977. ... The Eurasian Lynx, Lynx lynx, is the national animal of Romania This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Romania. ... Politics of Romania takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Romania is the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Romanian history | Romanian Prime Ministers ... The current Cabinet of the Government of Romania is comprised of 22 ministers, listed below: Prime Minister Călin Popescu-Tăriceanu State Minister in charge with the coordination of activities in the economic field - vacant (*); State Minister in charge with coordination of the activities in the field of culture... Type Bicameral Houses Senatul Camera DeputaÅ£ilor President of the Senate Nicolae Văcăroiu, PSD since 2004 President of the Chamber of Deputies Bogdan Olteanu, PNL since 2006 Members 469 137 senators 332 deputies Political groups (as of 2004 elections) Senate: PSD, PNL, PD,PRM, UDMR, PC, Independents Chamber... Coat of Arms of The Senate of Romania The Senate of Romania (Romanian: Senat) is the upper house in Romanias bicameral parliament. ... Type Lower house President (Speaker) Bogdan Olteanu, PNL, since 2006 Number of members 332 Political groups (as of 2006 elections) PSD, PNL, PD, PRM, UDMR, PC, National minorities, Independents Meeting place Palace of the Parliament, Bucharest Web site www. ... Romanian troops in Afghanistan Military branches: Romanian Army Romanian Navy Romanian Air and Air Defense Forces Romania joined NATO in 2004. ... Serviciul Român de InformaÅ£ii (SRI) is the Romanian domestic intelligence service. ... The Romanian Police (Romanian: , IPA: ) is the national police force and main civil law enforcement agency in Romania. ... Political parties in Romania lists political parties in Romania. ... The Social Democratic Party of Romania (in Romanian, Partidul Social Democrat, PSD) is a major political party of Romania. ... The Partidul NaÅ£ional Liberal (National Liberal Party) is a liberal party in Romania, and the second largest party in parliament, being edged out only by the Social Democratic Party. ... The Democratic Union of Hungarians in Romania, (also Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania; Hungarian: Romániai Magyar Demokrata Szövetség, RMDSZ; Romanian: Uniunea Democrată Maghiară din România, UDMR) is a Romanian political alliance, effectively (though not officially) a party, representing ethnic Hungarians in Romania. ... Great Romania Party campaign poster for the Romanian presidential election, 2004. ... It has been suggested that National Peasants Party be merged into this article or section. ... Its headquarters, on Calea Victoriei This article refers to the current Conservative Party in Romania. ... The Romanian Constitution is the fundamental law that establishes the structure of the government of Romania, the rights and obligations of the countrys citizens, and its mode of passing laws. ... // Priorities Since December 1989, Romania has actively pursued a policy of strengthening relations with the West in general, more specifically with the United States and the European Union. ... The following is a list of diplomatic missions of Romania, excluding honorary consulates. ... Romania elects on a national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. ... Romania within the European Union, as of January 1, 2007. ... Romania has a civil law system, based on the French model, with various levels of court hierarchy: Local courts 40 county courts and the Bucharest Municipal Court High Court of Cassation and Justice Categories: Romanian law ... Romanias administration is relatively centralised and administrative subdivisions are therefore fairly simplified. ... Map of development regions The development regions of Romania refer to the regional divisions created in Romania in 1998 in order to better co-ordinate regional development as Romania progressed towards accession to the European Union. ... Administrative map of Romania. ... Postal codes were first introduced in Romania in 1974. ... List of Romanian Cities (by Population) See also List of cities in Romania (alphabetically) List of cities External link Map Categories: Cities in Romania | Lists of cities ... The national flag of Romania is a vertical tricolor of blue, yellow, and red. ... The following is a list of flags of Romania. ... Coat of Arms of Romania The Coat of Arms of Romania consists of an eagle holding a cross in its beak and a sceptre and a sword in its claws. ... DeÅŸteaptă-te, române (variously translated as Awaken thee, Romanian!, Awaken, Romanian!, or Wake Up, Romanian!) is Romanias national anthem. ... Romania has no official motto. ... The National Decorations System of Romania (Romanian: ) is divided into six categories, listed below. ... Romania has been very successful in developing dynamic telecommunications, industrial robots, aerospace, and weapons sectors. ... In 2003 services constituted 55% of gross domestic product (GDP), and the sector employed 51. ... Romania is a large, upper-middle-income[7] economy of central-eastern Europe, the 19th largest in Europe by total nominal GDP and the 15th largest based on purchasing power parity. ... To cover the increasing energy needs of its population and ensure the continued raising of its living standard, Romania plans several nuclear power plants. ... This is a list of companies from Romania. ... Telephones - main lines in use: 4,390,800 (2005, [1]) Telephones - mobile cellular: 19,090,000 (July 2007, [2]), 3 GSM cellular networks covering more than 85% of the territory (about 98% of the population) as well as one CDMA network. ... The official logo of Romania, used to promote the tourist attractions in the country Tourism in Romania focuses on the countrys natural landscapes and its rich history. ... // Railways total: 11,385 km (3,888 km electrified) standard gauge: 10,898 km narrow gauge: 487 km (1996) National Railway Operator: Căile Ferate Române City with underground railway system: Bucharest (see: Bucharest Metro)+ Light Rail System RATB Rail links with adjacent countries Ukraine - yes - Break-of-gauge... Categories: Romania-related stubs | Romanian economy | Central banks ... The Bucharest Stock Exchange (Bursa de Valori BucureÅŸti in Romanian) is a stock exchange in Bucharest, capital of Romania. ... For the Moldovan currency, see Moldovan leu. ... About 89. ... There are a number of languages spoken in Romania, although Romanian remains the only official language nationwide. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Holidays in Romania: Categories: Romania | Public holidays by country ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The culture of Romania is rich and varied. ... Romanian (limba română, IPA: ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people[1], primarily in Romania and Moldova. ... Romanian literature is literature written by Romanian authors, although the term may also be used to refer to all literature written in the Romanian language. ... Romania is a European country whose population consists mainly (approx. ... During the middle ages, in Romania there were two types of construction that developed in paralles and different in point of both materials and technique. ... Romanian philosophy is a name covering either a) the philosophy done in Romania or by Romanians, or b) an ethnic philosophy, which expresses at a high level the fundamental features of the Romanian spirituality, or which elevates to a philosophical level the Weltanschauung of the Romanian people, as deposited in... This article on Romanian mythology covers both the mythology traditional to the Romanian people and to certain earlier civilizations that occupied the same geographic area, and whom the ethnic Romanians tend to claim either as spiritual or as more literal ancestors. ... Romanian humour, like all of Romanian culture, has many affinities with five other peoples: the Latins (Spanish and Italians), the Slavs, the Balkan people (Greeks and Turks), the Germanic peoples and the Hungarians. ... Romanian dress refers to the traditional clothing worn by Romanians, who live primarily in Romania and Moldova, with smaller communities in Ukraine and Serbia. ... Romanian cuisine is diverse, blending the dishes of the several traditions which it has come into contact with, as well as maintaining its own character. ... The art of Romania describes the artists and artistic movements in Romania. ... The following is a list of famous or notable Romanian language poets grouped by period of activity: // Gheorghe Asachi (1788-1869) Vasile Cârlova (1809-1832) Ioan Budai-Deleanu (1760-1820) Dosoftei (1624-1693) Anton Pann (1794-1854) Ienăchiţă Văcărescu (1740-1797) Vasile Alecsandri (1821-1890) Grigore... Link titlemy dad was a runner he was cool#REDIRECT Insert text--72. ... This is a list of Romanian actors, actresses, playwrights, and directors, whether on stage or in film. ... Anton Pann (1790s-1854), wrote Romanias national anthem Ciprian Porumbescu (1853–1883), 19th century composer George Enescu (1881–1955), 20th century composer, violinist, pianist; spent much of his career in France GrigoraÅŸ Dinicu (1889–1949), 20th century composer best known for his violin showpiece Hora staccato Martian Negrea (1893... The Romanian Cultural Institute (Romanian: Institutul Cultural Român, abbrevation: ICR) is an institution that promotes Romanian culture and civilization in Romania and abroad. ... This is a list of prominent Romanians. ... Human rights in Romania are generally respected by the government. ... // Laws against gays There are currently no laws against gays in Romania. ... A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Magazine: Globalization Index 2006, (up +5 from 2005) ranked 30 out of 62 countries Bertelsmann: Bertelsmann Transformation Index 2006, (up +2 from 2003) ranked 19th out of 119 countries IMD International: World Competitiveness Yearbook 2007, (up +5 from 2006) ranked 44 out of 55 economies... Traian Vuia 1, worlds first fully self-propelled aircraft flew in March 1906. ... Anti-Romanian discrimination and sentiment or Romanophobia (Romanian: antiromânism,[1] românofobia) is hostility toward or prejudice against Romanians as an ethnic, linguistic, religious, or perceived racial group, and can range from individual hatred to institutionalized, violent persecution. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... A head of state or chief of state is the chief public representative of a nation-state, federation or commonwealth, whose role generally includes personifying the continuity and legitimacy of the state and exercising the political powers, functions and duties granted to the head of state in the countrys... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into European Union. ... Heinz Fischer (born 9 October 1938) is the federal president of Austria. ... The Leopoldine Wing of Hofburg Imperial Palace in Vienna: home to the offices of the Federal President. ... Albert II, King of the Belgians (Albert Félix Humbert Théodore Chrétien Eugène Marie), (born June 6, 1934), is the current King of the Belgians and a constitutional monarch. ... Successive Belgian kings are Regents 1830-1831: Erasme Louis Surlet de Chokier 1944-1950: Charles, Count of Flanders None of these were King of Belgium: their title is King of the Belgians. ... Georgi Sedefchov Parvanov (Bulgarian: ) (born 28 June 1957) has been president of Bulgaria since 22 January 2002. ... This page will list the various republican heads of state of Bulgaria, as well as leaders of Bulgarias communist party during the time when it played the leading role in the Bulgarian state. ... Dimitris Christofias (Greek: Δημήτρης Χριστόφιας) is a chubby Cypriot politician who is the General Secretary of AKEL and the President of the House of Representatives (Cypriot Parliament). ... The President of Cyprus is the countrys head of state. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This is a list of presidents of the Czech Republic. ... Margrethe II (Margrethe Alexandrine Þórhildur Ingrid) (born 16 April 1940) is the Queen regnant of Denmark. ... This is a list of Danish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queen of Denmark, including Regents of the Kalmar Union. ... Toomas Hendrik Ilves [IPA: toːmÉ‘s hendrik ilves] (born December 26, 1953) is the current President of Estonia. ... The President of Estonia is the head of state of the Republic of Estonia. ... {{Infobox President|name= Tarja Halonen |order=11th President of Finland |image=Finland. ... The President of Finland is the Head of State of Finland. ... Nicolas Sarkozy at Paris, May 2005. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... Horst Köhler ( , born 22 February 1943) is the current President of Germany. ... The President of Germany is Germanys head of state. ... Karolos Papoulias Karolos Papoulias (Greek: Κάρολος Παπούλιας) is the President of the Hellenic Republic, former minister and member of the Hellenic parliament. ... This is a list of presidents of Greece. ... László Sólyom, President of Hungary László Sólyom (pronounced ) born on January 3, 1942 is the President of Hungary, having overcome the Hungarian Socialist Party nominee Katalin Szili in the election on June 7, 2005. ... Mary Patricia McAleese (Irish: [1]; born 27 June 1951) is the eighth, and current, President of Ireland. ... The President of Ireland (Irish: ) is the head of state of Ireland. ... Giorgio Napolitano (born June 29, 1925), is an Italian politician and former lifetime senator, the eleventh and current President of the Italian Republic. ... The President of the Italian Republic is the head of State of Italy, and represents national unity. ... Valdis Zatlers (born March 22, 1955) is president-elect of Latvia. ... President Valdas Adamkus Valdas Adamkus (born Valdemaras Adamkevičius on November 3, 1926) is the current President of the Republic of Lithuania. ... Henri, Grand Duke of Luxembourg (given names: Henri Albert Gabriel Félix Marie Guillaume; born at Betzdorf Castle in Luxembourg, 16 April 1955) is the head of state of Luxembourg. ... Luxembourg is a constitutional monarchy whose Head of State is the Grand Duke of Luxembourg (or Grand Duchess of Luxembourg in the exceptional but twice occurred event of the sovereign being female). ... Edward Fenech Adami (Dwardu Fenech Adami, born February 7, 1934, Birkirkara) was the Prime Minister of Malta from 1987 until 1996 and from 1998 until 2004. ... The office of the President of Malta (Maltese: ), came into being on 13 December 1974, when Malta became a Commonwealth republic. ... Beatrix (born January 31, 1938 as Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld) has been the Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands since April 30, 1980. ... The Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ...  , IPA: [] (born June 18, 1949) is the President of the Republic of Poland and a politician of the conservative party Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (Law and Justice, PiS.) KaczyÅ„ski served as President of Warsaw from 2002 until December 22, 2005, the day before his presidential inauguration. ... Flag of the President of Poland The President of the Republic of Poland (Polish: Prezydent Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej) is directly elected by the people to serve a term of five years. ... Aníbal António Cavaco Silva (pron. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Portugal | Presidents of Portugal ... Traian Băsescu (born November 4, 1951) is a Romanian politician and former Merchant Navy officer. ... Ivan GaÅ¡parovič (born March 27, 1941), Slovak politician and law professor, became President of Slovakia on June 15, 2004. ... Flag of the President of Slovakia This is a list of the Presidents of Slovakia. ... Danilo Türk (born 19 February 1952) was an Assistant Secretary-General for Political Affairs for the United Nations. ... Presidents of Slovenia: Milan Kučan (1990-2002) Janez Drnovšek (2002-2008) Categories: Lists of office-holders ... Juan Carlos I redirects here. ... Coat of Arms of the King of Spain King of Spain redirects here. ... Carl XVI Gustaf, King of Sweden (Carl Gustaf Folke Hubertus; born 30 April 1946) is the current Swedish monarch and head of state of the Kingdom of Sweden. ... The Monarch of Sweden is the head of state of Sweden. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... This article deals with the meeting of European Union leaders. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article deals with the meeting of European Union leaders. ... Janez JanÅ¡a (born September 17, 1958 as Ivan JanÅ¡a) in Ljubljana is a Slovenian politician and head of the Slovenian Democratic Party since 1995. ... There have been five prime ministers of Slovenia since that country gained its independence in the breakup of Yugoslavia. ... Alfred Gusenbauer (born February 8, 1960) has been the leader of the Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) since 2000. ... The Chancellor of Austria (in German: Bundeskanzler) is the head of government in Austria. ... Yves Camille Désiré Leterme (born October 6, 1960 in Wervik, Belgium) is a Belgian Senator, a former Minister-President of Flanders and Flemish Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries. ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Belgium, known regionally as: Premier Ministre in French, Eerste Minister in Dutch, and Premierminister in German. ... Sergey Dmitrievich Stanishev (Bulgarian: Сергей Станишев) (born May 5, 1966), Bulgarian politician, is Chairman of the Bulgarian Socialist Party (BSP). ... Chairmen of the Council of Ministers, 1879-1991 Prime Ministers, 1991-present See also History of Bulgaria Politics of Bulgaria List of Bulgarian monarchs List of Presidents of Bulgaria Categories: Lists of office-holders | Prime Ministers of Bulgaria ... Mirek Topolánek (pronounced ) (born May 15, 1956 in Vsetín, Czechoslovakia, now Czech Republic) is the current prime minister of Czech Republic, from Civic Democratic Party. ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of the Czech Republic, including the period when the republics territory was part of federative Czechoslovakia. ... Dimitris Christofias (Greek: Δημήτρης Χριστόφιας) is a chubby Cypriot politician who is the General Secretary of AKEL and the President of the House of Representatives (Cypriot Parliament). ... The President of Cyprus is the countrys head of state. ...   (IPA: ) (born Angela Dorothea Kasner, 17 July 1954, in Hamburg, Germany), is the Chancellor of Germany. ... The head of government of Germany is called Chancellor (German: Kanzler). ... Anders Fogh Rasmussen , also: (born January 26, 1953) is the current Prime Minister of Denmark (in Danish Statsminister, meaning Minister of State). ... This is a list over the heads of government in Denmark, from the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in 1849 until present. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Prime Minister of Estonia (Estonian: Eesti Vabariigi Peaminister) is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. ... Matti Taneli Vanhanen ( ) (born November 4, 1955, in Jyväskylä) is the current Prime Minister of Finland, as well as Chairman of the Centre Party. ... The Prime Minister (Finnish Pääministeri, Swedish: Statsminister) is the head of government in Finland. ... Nicolas Sarkozy at Paris, May 2005. ... This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ... This article is about the Greek Prime Minister whose term began in 2004. ... Note on Greek names: There is no firm convention for the rendering of Greek personal names into English. ...   (pronounced []; born in Pápa, June 4, 1961) is the Prime Minister of Hungary. ... This is a list of Prime Ministers of Hungary: Prime Ministers of Hungary, 1848-1849 Count Lajos Batthyány: 17 March - 2 October 1848 Baron Ádám Récsey: 3 October - 26 November 1848 Lajos Kossuth: 26 November 1848 - 11 August 1849 Bertalan Szemere: 11 August - 13 August 1849 Prime Ministers of Hungary... Bartholomew Bertie Ahern (Irish: ;[1] born 12 September 1951) is an Irish politician who, since 26 June 1997, has served as the tenth Taoiseach of Ireland. ... The Taoiseach (IPA: , phonetic: TEE-shock — plural: Taoisigh ( or ), also referred to as An Taoiseach [1], is the head of government or prime minister of the Republic of Ireland . ... Prodi redirects here. ... In Italy, the President of the Council of Ministers (Italian: Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri) is the countrys prime minister or head of government. ... Ivars Godmanis (born November 27, 1951) is a Latvian economist and politician, best known as the first prime minister of Latvia after the country restored its independence from the Soviet Union. ... The Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Latvian government, and presides over the Latvian cabinet. ... Gediminas Kirkilas ( (help· info), b. ... Jean-Claude Juncker Jean-Claude Juncker (born December 9, 1954) is the Prime Minister and Finance Minister of Luxembourg, and until July 1, 2005, was president of the European Council, a position he also previously held in 1997. ... The head of government in Luxembourg is known as the President of the Government. ... Lawrence Gonzi (born July 1, 1953) is the Prime Minister and finance minister of Malta. ... The Prime Minister of Malta is the most powerful figure within the government of Malta, although the President of Malta has a higher rank. ... Jan Peter Balkenende (pronounced IPA:  ) (born May 7, 1956) has been the Prime Minister of the Netherlands since July 22, 2002. ... The prime minister of the Netherlands is the head of the cabinet, and, as such, coordinates the policy of the government. ... Donald Franciszek Tusk (IPA: [], born 22 April 1957, GdaÅ„sk) is a liberal Polish politician, co-founder and chairman of the Civic Platform (Platforma Obywatelska), and the Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland. ... The Prime Minister of the Republic of Poland represents the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet) and directs their work, supervises territorial self-government within the guidelines and in ways described in the Constitution and other legislation, and acts as the superior for all government administration workers (heading the public service... José Sócrates de Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (pron. ... José Sócrates, the current Prime Minister of Portugal. ... Călin-Constantin-Anton Popescu-Tăriceanu () (born January 14, 1952) is a Romanian politician who has been the Prime Minister of Romania since December 28, 2004. ... Categories: Lists of office-holders | Romanian history | Romanian Prime Ministers ... Robert Fico (15 September 1964 in Topoľčany) is the current Prime Minister of Slovakia (since July 4, 2006). ... // Vavro Å robár (4 November 1918 – 14 November 1918) – ceased with the adoption of the Czechoslovak constitution Antonín JanouÅ¡ek (20 June 1919 – 7 July 1919) Ján Drobný (1 July 1928 - 1929) Jozef Országh (1929 - 1938) Julián Å imko (1938 - 1939) Jozef Tiso (7 October 1938 – 9...   (IPA: ) (born 4 August 1960), better known under his second surname Zapatero, is the Prime Minister of Spain. ... The President of the Government of Spain (realy in Spanish: Presidente del Gobierno), sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the Spanish head of government. ... John Fredrik Reinfeldt (IPA: ) (born 4 August 1965, in Österhaninge) is the current Prime Minister of Sweden and leader of the liberal conservative Moderate Party (Swedish: ). A native of Stockholm County, Reinfeldt joined the Moderate Youth League in 1983, and by 1992 had risen to the rank of chairman, a... The Prime Minister (Swedish: , literally Minister of State) is the head of government in Sweden. ... For others with the same or similar names, see Gordon Brown (disambiguation). ... José Manuel Durão Barroso, GCC (pronounced  ) (born in Porto, March 23, 1956) is a Portuguese politician and the 11th President of the European Commission, being the first Portuguese person to hold the post. ... François-Xavier Ortoli, Romano Prodi, José Manuel Barroso and Jacques Delors The President of the European Commission is notionally the highest ranking unelected official within the European Union bureaucracy. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... List of Presidents of Albania Ahmet Zogu (1925-1928) Ramiz Alia (1991-1992) Sali Berisha (1992-1997) Rexhep Meidani (1997-2002) Alfred Moisiu (2002-Present) See also Albania Kings of Albania Prime Ministers of Albania Princes of Albania External links Presidency of Albania (official site) Categories: Lists of office-holders... Flag of the President of the Czech Republic This is a list of presidents of the Czech Republic. ... This article is about the political and administrative structures of the French government. ... List of Presidents of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev (1990 - present) See also Politics of Kazakhstan Categories: Stub | Kazakhstan ... The President of the Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: or Serbian: ) is Head of State of the Republic of Kosovo. ... See also: Lists of office-holders Categories: Lists of office-holders | Latvia | Presidents of Latvia ... Early Lithuania The Grand Duchy of Lithuania Title: Kunigaikštis or Didysis Kunigaikštis (The Great Duke in Lithuanian) Mindaugas, 1238-1263 also crowned as a King Treniota, 1263-1264 Vaišvilkas (Vaišelga, Vaishyalga, Vaišalgas), 1264-1267 Švarnas (Svarnas, Shvarno), 1267-1269 Traidenis, 1269-1281 Daumantas, 1281-1285 Butigeidis, 1285-1291 Butvydas, 1291... The President of Montenegro is the head of state of the Republic of Montenegro. ... The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since March 16, 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. ... Presidential Standard of Serbia The President of Serbia is the head of state of the Republic of Serbia. ... This is a list of the Presidents of Slovakia. ...

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Romania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (4196 words)
Union of Transylvania with Romania was ratified in the Treaty of Trianon in 1920.
Romania was granted in October 2004 the much desired 'functional market economy' status by EU officials, and is expected to join the EU in January 2007.
Romania now has one of the most liberal taxation systems in Europe, and it is expected that this, along with increased foreign investment, will boost economic growth in the coming years, as well as lower corruption and bring to light the grey economy.
F&P Legal (1003 words)
Under the Constitution, the President of Romania represents the Romanian state and stands warrant to the national independence, the unity and territorial integrity of the homeland.
The President of Romania nominates a candidate for the post of prime minister and appoints the Government on the basis of the confidence vote granted by Parliament.
The President of Romania is the commander of the armed forces, and chairs the country's Supreme Defence Council.
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