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Primary energy is energy contained in raw fuels and any other forms of energy received by a system as input to the system. The concept is used especially in energy statistics in the course of compilation of energy balances. For information on the band, see Fuel (band). ...
Look up system in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
The term input has a variety of uses in different fields. ...
Energy balance has the following meanings in several fields: In physics, energy balance is a systematic presentation of energy flows and transformations in a system. ...
Conversion to secondary energy
Primary energies are transformed in energy conversion processes to more convenient forms of energy, such as electrical energy and cleaner fuels. In energy statistics these forms are called secondary energy. In physics and engineering, energy conversion is any process of converting energy from one form to another. ...
Electrical energy or electromagnetic energy is a form of energy present in any electric field or magnetic field, or in any volume containing electromagnetic radiation. ...
For information on the band, see Fuel (band). ...
Future It will be important to replace the fossil coal fuels during the 21st century with good alternatives.
Levels and flows Levels of primary energy sources are the reserves in the ground. Flows are production. The most important part of primary energy sources are the carbon based fossil energy sources. Oil, coal, and gas stood for 79.6% of primary energy production during 2002 (in million tonnes of oil equivalent (mtoe)) (34.9+23.5+21.2). General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ...
Coal rail cars in Ashtabula, Ohio Fossil fuels, also known as mineral fuels, are hydrocarbon-containing natural resources such as coal, oil and natural gas. ...
It has been suggested that black gold (oil) be merged into this article or section. ...
Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). ...
A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ...
Levels (reserves) (EIA oil, gas, coal estimates, EIA oil, gas estimates)
- Oil: 1,050,691 to 1,277,702 million barrels (167 to 203 km³) 2003-2005
- Gas: 6,040,208 - 6,805,830 billion cubic feet (171,040 to 192,720 km³) 6,805.830*0.182= 1,239 BBOE 2003-2005
- Coal: 1,081,279 million short tons (1,081,279*0.907186*4.879= 4,786 BBOE) (2004)
Flows (daily production) during 2002 (7.9 is a ratio to convert tonnes of oil equivalent to barrels of oil equivalent) - Oil: (10,230*0.349)*7.9/365= 77 MBD
- Gas: (10,230*0.212)*7.9/365= 47 MBOED
- Coal: (10,230*0.235)*7.9/365= 52 MBOED
Years of production left in the ground with the most optimistic reserve estimates (Oil & Gas Journal, World Oil) - Oil: 1,277.702/77/365= 37 years
- Gas: 1,239,000/47/365= 72 years
- Coal: 4,786,000/52/365= 252 years
Note that this calculation assumes that the product could be produced at a constant level for that number of years and that all of the reserves could be recovered. In reality, consumption of all three resources have been increasing. While this suggests that the resource will be used up more quickly, in reality, the production curve is much more akin to a bell curve. At some point in time, the production of each resource within an area, country, or globally will reach a maximum value, after which, the production will decline until it reaches a point where is no longer economically feasible or physically possible to produce. See Peak Oil for detail on this decline curve. The Hubbert peak theory, also known as peak oil, is an influential theory concerning the long-term rate of conventional oil production and depletion. ...
Glossary It has been suggested that black gold (oil) be merged into this article or section. ...
Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (surface mining). ...
Natural gas, commonly referred to as gas, is a gaseous fossil fuel consisting primarily of methane. ...
See also // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide abundant and accessible energy, through knowledge, skills and constructions. ...
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