Ernst August, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg

Prince Ernst August III of Hanover, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (17 November 1887-30 January 1953), reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (2 November 1913-8 November 1918), was a grandson of King George V of Hanover, whom the Prussians deposed in 1866. Image File history File links Ernstbrunswick1887-2. ... Image File history File links Ernstbrunswick1887-2. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece. ... 1887 (MDCCCLXXXVII) is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ... The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy... Brunswick-Lüneburg was an historical state within the Holy Roman Empire. ... November 2 is the 306th day of the year (307th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 59 days remaining. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819-12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland, the fifth son of King George III of the United... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Ancestry and Early Life

Ernst's great-grandfather, Prince Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son of King George III of the United Kingdom who became king of Hanover in 1837 because Salic Law barred Queen Victoria from reigning in Germany. The last reigning monarch of the House of Hanover, Ernst August was a direct descendant of Heinrich der Löwe. Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851), also known (1799-1837) as the Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... | Queen Victoria, Queen of the United Kingdom (1837 - 1901) 1837 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May, 1819 – 22 January, 1901) was the eminent Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June, 1837, and Empress of India from 1 January, 1877, until her death in 1901. ... Look up monarch in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... Coronation of Henry the Lion and Matilda of England (1188) Henry the Lion (face of statue on his tomb in Brunswick Cathedral) Henry the Lion (1129 - August 6, 1195; in German, Heinrich der Löwe) was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony as Henry III since...

His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Christian Georg of Hanover and Cumberland, Prince of Great Britain and Ireland, was born at Penzing near Vienna, the sixth and youngest child of Ernst August of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland and his wife, the former Princess Thyra of Denmark.¹ His father succeeded as the Duke of Cumberland in the peerage of Great Britain in 1878. The younger Prince Ernst August became heir apparent to the dukedom of Cumberland upon the deaths of his two elder brothers, George and Christian. Penzing is the 14th District of Vienna and consists of the boroughs of Penzing, Breitensee, Baumgarten, Hütteldorf and Hadersdorf-Weidlingau. ... Vienna (German: Wien [viːn]; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Prince Ernst August (II) of Hanover, 3rd Duke of Cumberland (1878-1919) and Crown Prince of Hanover (1851-1866), Ernst August Wilhelm Adolf Georg Friedrich (21 September 1845-14 November 1923), was the eldest child and only son of King George V of Hanover and his wife, Princess Marie of... Thyra of Denmark (September 29, 1853 - February 26, 1933) was the youngest daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and Luise of Hesse-Kassel. ... Duke of Cumberland is a peerage title that was conferred upon junior members of the British royal family. ... 1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

In 1884, the reigning Duke of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, a distant cousin, died and the Duke of Cumberland claimed to succeed to that territory. However, the Reich chancellor Otto von Bismarck, managed to get the Federal Council (Bundesrat) of the German Empire to exclude the duke from the succession. Bismarck did this because the duke had never formally renounced his claims to the kingdom of Hanover which had been annexed to Prussia in 1866 following the end of the Austro-Prussian War (Hanover had sided with losing Austria). Instead, Prince Albrecht of Prussia became the regent of Brunswick. After Prince Albrecht's death in 1907, the duke was again excluded from the Brunswick succession and the regency continued. 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) is a leap year starting on Tuesday (click on link to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wolfenbüttel Wolfenbüttel is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... For alternative meanings: See Bismarck (disambiguation). ... 1866 (MDCCCLXVI) is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ... The Austro-Prussian War (also called the Seven Weeks War or the German Civil War) was a war fought between the Austrian Empire and Prussia in 1866 that resulted in Prussian dominance in Germany. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Marriage and accession to the duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg

On 24 May 1913, Prince Ernst married Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia (13 September 1892-11 December 1980), the only daughter of the German Emperor Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta. This marriage ended the decades-long rift between the House of Hohenzollern and the House of Hanover. The wedding of Prince Ernst August and Princess Viktoria Luise was also the last great gathering of European sovereigns (many of whom were descended from Queen Victoria and King Christian IX of Denmark) before the outbreak of the First World War. In addition to the German Emperor and Empress and the Duke and Duchess of Cumberland, King George V and Queen Mary of Great Britain, Tsar Nicholas II and Empress Alexandra Fedorovna of Russia attended. Upon the announcement of his betrothal to Princess Viktoria Luise in February 1913, Prince Ernst August took an oath of loyalty to the German emperor and accepted a commission as a cavalry captain and company commander in the Zieten Hussars, a Prussian Army regiment in which his grandfather (George V) and great grandfather (Ernst August I) had been colonels. May 24 is the 144th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (145th in leap years). ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Princess Viktoria Luise (13 September 1892–11 December 1980), Duchess of Brunswick-Luneburg, was the seventh child and the only daughter of Emperor Wilhelm II and Empress Augusta Viktoria. ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ... 1892 (MDCCCXCII) was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... December 11 is the 345th day (346th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... German Emperor Wilhelm (born Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albrecht, Prince of Prussia 27 January 1859–4 June 1941), was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia (de: Deutscher Kaiser und König von Preußen), ruling from 15 June 1888 to 9 November 1918. ... Auguste Viktoria Auguste Viktoria (October 22, 1858 - April 11, 1921), German Empress, daughter of Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenberg; married (1881) to Wilhelm II of Germany, and accompanied him to the Netherlands after World War I. She is reputed to have been a woman who loved the arts... The House of Hohenzollern is a German dynasty of electors, kings, and emperors of Prussia, Germany, and Romania. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... Europe is conventionally considered one of the seven continents of Earth which, in this case, is more a cultural and political distinction than a physiographic one, leading to various perspectives about Europes borders. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... Combatants Allies: Serbia, Russia, France, Romania, Belgium, British Empire, United States, Italy, and others Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Ottoman Empire Casualties Military dead: 5 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total of dead: 8 million Military dead: 4 million Civilian deaths: 3 million Total dead: 7 million The First... George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert) (3 June 1865–20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the House of Windsor in 1917. ... Mary of Teck Mary of Teck (26 May 1867 – 24 March 1953), later Queen Mary, was the Queen Consort of George V of the United Kingdom. ... Nicholas II of Russia (18 May 1868 - 17 July 1918) (in Russian Николай II (Nikolai II)) was the last Emperor of Russia, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. ... Empress Alexandra Feodorovna of Russia (1872-1918) Princess Alix of Hesse and by Rhine (German: Victoria Alix Helene Luise Beatrice Prinzessin von Hessen und bei Rhein) or Saint Alexandra, 6 June 1872 - 16 July 1918), under the title Empress Alexandra Fyodorovna (Russian: Императрица Александра Фёдоровна), was Empress consort of Russia. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Colonel is a military rank of a commissioned officer, with the corresponding ranks existing in nearly every country in the world. ...

On 27 October 1913, the Duke of Cumberland formally renounced his claims to the (former) kingdom of Hanover and the duchy of Brunswick in favor of his surviving son. The following day, the Federal Council voted to allow Prince and Princess Ernst August of Cumberland to become the reigning Duke and Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The new Duke of Brunswick, who received a promotion to colonel in the Zieten Hussars, formally took possession of his duchy on 1 November. October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Polish Hussar Hussar (original Hungarian spelling: huszár, plural huszárok) refers to a number of types of cavalry used throughout Europe since the 15th century. ...

During World War I, the duke rose to the rank of major-general. On 8 November 1918, he was forced to abdicate his throne along with the other German kings, grand dukes, dukes, and princes. The duke retired to live on his various estates and died at Marienburg Castle in 1953. Major General or Major-General is a military rank used in many countries. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... There are many fortresses, castles, and towns of this name. ... 1953 (MCMLIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1953 calendar). ...

Issue

The Duke and Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg had five children ²:

• Prince Ernst August IV of Hanover (18 March 1914-9 December 1987); married (1) 1951, Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg (19 December 1925-6 February 1980), and had issue; and (2), 1980 Monika, Countess of Solms-Laubach (8 August 1929)-).
• Prince Georg of Hanover (25 March 1915-8 January 2006); married 1946, Princess Sophie of Greece and Denmark (26 June 1914-24 November 2001), and had issue.
• Princess Frederika of Hanover (18 April 1917-6 February 1981); married 1938 King Paul I of the Hellenes (14 December 1901-6 March 1964), and had issue.
• Prince Christian of Hanover (1 September 1919-10 December 1981); married 1963 (divorced 1976) Mireille Dutry (10 January 1946-), and had issue.
• Prince Welf-Heinrich of Hanover (11 March 1923-); married 1960 Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Büdingen (23 October 1937-), no issue.

Footnotes Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover (German Prinz Ernst August von Hannover; 18 March 1914 - 9 December 1987) was the eldest son of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Princess Viktoria Luise of Prussia. ... March 18 is the 77th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (78th in leap years). ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... December 9 is the 343rd day (344th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1987 (MCMLXXXVII) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ... August 8 is the 220th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (221st in leap years), with 145 days remaining. ... 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... March 25 is the 84th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (85th in leap years). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... November 24 is the 328th day (329th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Frederika of Hanover, Frederika Luise Thyra Victoria Margarita Sophia Olga Cecilia Isabella Christa, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick-Lüneburg 1917-1981 was Queen consort of the Hellenes (Greece) during the reign of her husband King Paul of Greece(1947-1964). ... April 18 is the 108th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (109th in leap years). ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... February 6 is the 37th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Paul, King of the Hellenes (December 14, 1901 - March 6, 1964), was King of Greece from 1947 to 1964. ... December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... March 6 is the 65th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (66th in Leap years). ... For the Nintendo 64 emulator, see 1964 (Emulator). ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... December 10 is the 344th day (345th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ... 1976 (MCMLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1976 calendar). ... January 10 is the 10th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... 11 March is the 70th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (71st in Leap year). ... 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... October 23 is the 296th day of the year (297th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 69 days remaining. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

¹ Under settled practice dating to 1714, as a male-line great grandchild of King George III, Prince Ernst August III of Hanover also held the title of Prince of Great Britain and Ireland with the style of Highness. In the Court Circular printed in The Times and in the London Gazette, he was frequently styled Prince Ernest Augustus of Cumberland. // Events August 1 - George, elector of Hanover becomes King George I of Great Britain. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... The Times is a national newspaper published daily in the United Kingdom. ...

² By Royal Warrant of 17 June 1914, King George V granted the eldest son and any children thereafter born to Prince Ernst August of Hanover, then reigning Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the title of Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland with the style Highness. The provisions of this Royal Warrant ceased with George V's Letters Patent of 30 November 1917, and Hanoverian princes and princesses born after this date were no longer allowed the title Prince of Great Britain and Ireland with the style Highness. However, in 1931, the former Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, as head of the House of Hanover and the senior male-line descendant of George III, issued a decree stating that the members of the former Hanoverian royal family would continue to bear the title of Prince (or Princess) of Great Britain and Ireland with the style of Royal Highness. This decree had no legal effect in the United Kingdom, although no British sovereigns since have attempted to stop this practice on the part of the former Hanoverian royal family. The members of the House of Hanover continue to seek the British sovereign's approval when they marry, in accordance with the Royal Marriages Act 1772. In 1999, prior to the wedding of Ernst August of Hanover (b. 1954) to Princess Caroline of Monaco, the couple received an official blessing from the reigning British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. In the United Kingdom, a Royal Warrant of Appointment is a grant made by senior members of the British Royal Family to companies or tradespeople who supply goods and services to individuals in the family. ... June 17 is the 168th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (169th in leap years), with 197 days remaining. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Letters Patent by Queen Victoria creating the office of Governor-General of Australia Letters patent are a type of legal document which is an open letter issued by a monarch or government granting a right, monopoly, title, or status to someone or some entity such as a corporation. ... November 30 is the 334th day (335th on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 31 days remaining. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... The Royal Marriages Act of 1772 made it illegal for any member of the British royal family (defined as all descendants of King George II, excluding descendants of princesses who marry foreigners) under the age of 25 to marry without the consent of the ruling monarch. ... Ernest Augustus or Ernst August can refer to: Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover (1629-1698), father of King George I of Great Britain Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany Ernest Augustus I (1771-1851), king of Hanover, son of King George III of the United Kingdom Ernest Augustus II... The Princess of Hanover is the eldest child of the late Prince Rainier III of Monaco and is currently heir presumptive to the principalitys throne. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor), (born on 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen independent nations known as the Commonwealth Realms. ...