Prince Frederick
Duke of York and Albany
Spouse	Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia
Full name
Frederick Augustus
Detail Titles
HRH The Duke of York and Albany HRH The Prince Frederick
Royal house	House of Hanover
Father	George III
Mother	Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
Born	16 August 1763(1763-08-16) St. James's Palace, London
Died	5 January 1827 (aged 63) Rutland House, London
Burial	St. George's Chapel, Windsor

The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany (Frederick Augustus) (16 August 1763 - 5 January 1827) was a member of the British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III. From 1820 until his death in 1827, he was the heir presumptive to his elder brother, King George IV, both to the United Kingdom and the Kingdom of Hanover. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (7 May 1767 – 6 August 1820) was the only daughter of Frederick William II of Prussia and his first wife Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... A Royal House or Dynasty is a sort of family name used by royalty. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... “George III” redirects here. ... Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the queen consort of George III of the United Kingdom (1738–20). ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... St Jamess Palace and The Mall by Jan Kip, 1715. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... William Davenant, owner of Rutland House. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Members of the public outside St Georges Chapel at Windsor Castle, waiting to watch the Garter Procession St Georges Chapel is the place of worship at Windsor Castle in England. ... This article is about the English town. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is shared between the Commonwealth Realms; this article focuses on the perspective of United Kingdom. ... “George III” redirects here. ... 1820 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1827 (MDCCCXXVII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... An Heir Presumptive (capitalised) is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir Apparent or of a new Heir Presumptive with a better claim to the throne. ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. ...

As an inexperienced young military officer, he presided over the unsuccessful campaign against the forces of France in the Low Countries, during the conflict which followed the French Revolution. Later, as commander-in-chief of the British army, he made amends for his initial military setbacks during the late 1790s by brilliantly reorganising his nation's forces, putting in place administrative reforms which enabled the redcoats to defeat Napoleon's crack troops. He also founded the United Kingdom's renowned military college, Sandhurst, which promoted the professional, merit-based training of future commissioned officers. Unjustly, however, the Duke is best remembered today as the inspiration for the nursery rhyme, "The Grand Old Duke of York". It has been suggested that Regents: Low Countries be merged into this article or section. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... A nursery rhyme is a traditional song or poem taught to young children, originally in the nursery. ... The Grand Old Duke of York is a childrens nursery rhyme, which, in its most common version, is: The grand old Duke of York, He marched them up to the top of the hill And when they were up, they were up; But when they were only halfway up...

Early life

Prince Frederick Augustus, or the Duke of York as he became in later life, belonged to the House of Hanover. He was born on 16 August 1763, at St. James's Palace, London. His father was the reigning British monarch, King George III. His mother was Queen Charlotte (nee Princess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz). The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... is the 228th day of the year (229th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1763 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... St Jamess Palace and The Mall by Jan Kip, 1715. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power. ... “George III” redirects here. ... Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the queen consort of George III of the United Kingdom (1738–20). ...

On 27 February 1764, when Prince Frederick was six months old, his father secured his election as Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück in Lower Saxony. He received this title because the prince-electors of Hanover (which included his father) were entitled to select every other holder of this title (in alternation with the Holy Roman Emperor), to which considerable revenues accrued, and the King apparently decided to ensure that the title remained in the family for as long as possible. At only 196 days of age he is therefore listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the youngest bishop in history! He was invested as Knight of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath in 1767 and as a Knight of the Order of the Garter on 19 June 1771. is the 58th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article is mostly on the Prince-Bishopric as a pre-1803 state of the Holy Roman Empire, for the Roman Catholic diocese with which it was entwined see Diocese of Osnabrück The Diocese of Osnabrück was erected in 772 and is is certainly the oldest see founded... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Capital Hanover Head of State King of Hanover Hanover (German: ) was a historical territory in todays Germany, at various times a principality, an electorate of the Holy Roman Empire, a kingdom and a province of Prussia and of Germany. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter. ... is the 170th day of the year (171st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1771 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

Army

George III decided that his second son would pursue an army career and had him gazetted colonel in 1780. From 1781 to 1787, Prince Frederick lived in Hanover, where he drank and fornicated immoderately yet still found time to earnestly attend the manoeuvres of the Austrian and Prussian armies and studied (along with his younger brothers, Prince Ernest, Prince Edward, Prince Augustus and Prince Adolphus) at the University of Göttingen. He was appointed colonel of the 2nd Horse Grenadier Guards (now 2nd Life Guards) in 1782, and promoted major-general and appointed colonel of the Coldstream Guards in 1784. Ernest Augustus I of Hanover Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851), also known (1799-1837) as the Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... His Royal Highness The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 - 23 January 1820) was the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. ... Portrait of Prince Augustus Frederick by Louis Gauffier Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son of King George III of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Charlotte. ... Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge (24 February 1774-8 July 1850), was the tenth-born child and seventh son of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... The Georg-August University of Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, often called the Georgia Augusta) was founded in 1734 by George II, King of Great Britain and Elector of Hanover, and opened in 1737. ...

He was created Duke of York and Albany and Earl of Ulster on 27 November 1784^[1] and became a member of the Privy Council. He retained the bishopric of Osnabrück until 1803, when, in the course of the secularization preceding the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, the bishopric was incorporated into Hanover. The title Duke of York is a title of nobility in the British peerage. ... Duke of Albany is a peerage title that has occasionally been bestowed on the youngers sons in the Scottish and later the British Royal Family, particularly in the Houses of Stuart and Hanover. ... is the 331st day of the year (332nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1784 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ...

In the summer of 1787, American newspaper accounts surfaced alleging that a government plot was under way to invite Prince Frederick to become "King of the United States". This of course never happened. On his return to Britain, the Duke took his seat in the House of Lords, where, on 15 December 1788, he opposed William Pitt's Regency Bill in a speech which was supposed to have been inspired by the Prince of Wales. This article is about the British House of Lords. ... is the 349th day of the year (350th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Duke of York was his father's favourite son. He remained, however, somewhat in the shadow of his flashy elder brother, George, Prince of Wales, especially after the latter became Prince Regent due to the mental incapacity of the King. However, the two brothers continued to enjoy a warm relationship. They had many interests in common and they both enjoyed indulging their physical desires; but generally speaking, the Duke of York took a more diligent approach to the discharge of his public duties than did the Prince Regent.

Ancestors

George I (George Louis; 28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727)[1] was King of Great Britain and Ireland, from 1 August 1714 until his death. ... George II (George Augustus; 10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Sophia Dorothea (15 September 1666 – 13 November 1726) was the wife and cousin of George Louis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, later George I of Great Britain, and mother of George II through an arranged marriage of state, instigated by the machinations of Duchess Sophia of Hanover. ... The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Lewis; 1 February 1707 – 31 March 1751) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest son of King George II. He was born into the House of Hanover and, under the Act of Settlement passed by the English Parliament in 1701... Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach (October 18, 1654 - March 22, 1686), succeeded his father Albrecht V as margrave in 1667. ... Caroline of Ansbach (later Queen Caroline; Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline; 1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737) was the queen consort of George II. // Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach was born on 1 March 1683, at Ansbach in Germany, the daughter of Johann Friedrich, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and his second wife... “George III” redirects here. ... Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. ... Frederick II, Duke of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (b. ... Magdalena Sibylle of Saxe-Weissenfels (2 September 1648 – 7 January 1681) was a German noblewoman. ... Augusta of Saxe-Gotha Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (November 30, 1719 – February 8, 1772) was Princess of Wales from May 8, 1736 to March 31, 1751. ... Karl Wilhelm of Anhalt-Zerbst (October 16, 1652 - November 3, 1718) was a German prince from the House of Ascania, Prince of Anhalt-Zerbst between 1667 and his death, and great-grandfather of King George III of Great Britain. ... Magdalena Augusta (October 13, 1679 - October 11, 1740) was a Duchess of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg and grandmother of George III of England. ... Adolf Friedrich II of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (19 October 1658 - 12 May 1708) was reigning Duke from 1658 to his death. ... Charles Louis Frederick of Mecklenburg-Strelitz (Strelitz, February 23, 1708 - Mirow, June 5, 1752) was the second son of the Prince of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and father of Queen Charlotte of England. ... Queen Charlotte, (née Duchess Sophia Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, 19 May 1744 – 17 November 1818) was the queen consort of George III of the United Kingdom (1738–20). ... Ernst of Saxe-Hildburghausen. ... Ernest Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen Ernst Frederick I, Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (b. ... Princess Elizabeth Albertine Princess of Saxe-Hildburghausen, Duchess in Saxony (4 August 1713 - 29 June 1761) was a member of the reigning family of Mecklenburg-Strelitz during the 18th century. ...

Marriage

On 29 September 1791 at Charlottenburg, Berlin, and again on 23 November 1791 at Buckingham Palace, the Duke of York married his cousin Princess Frederica Charlotte of Prussia, the daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia and Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg. The new Duchess of York received an enthusiastic welcome in London, but the marriage was not a happy one. The couple soon separated and the Duchess retired to Oatlands Park, Weybridge, where she lived eccentrically and died in 1820. Their relationship after separation appears to have been amicable, but there was never any question of reconciliation. The Duke and Duchess of York had no children. He was rumoured, however, to have sired several illegitimate sons by several different lovers over the years. One of these bastards was said to be Captain Charles Hesse, a British army officer. Another reputed bastard son was one Charles Molloy. A better documentated claim to irregular Ducal paternity than Malloy's, however, is that of Colonel John George Nathaniel Gibbes (1787-1873), who served his country in the wars against Napoleon and ended up as the Collector of Customs for the Colony of New South Wales, Australia, from 1834 until his retirement in 1859. is the 272nd day of the year (273rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 327th day of the year (328th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Buckingham Palace and the Victoria Memorial. ... Frederica Charlotte of Prussia (May 7, 1767 – August 6, 1820) was the daughter of King Frederick William II of Prussia and his first wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... Frederick William II (German: ; September 25, 1744–November 16, 1797) was the fourth King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. ... Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Lüneburg (1746-1840) was the daughter of Charles I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and married Frederick William II of Prussia July 14, 1765 in Charlottenburg. ... A royal residence 1538-1820, at Weybridge, Surrey. ... “NSW” redirects here. ...

Flanders

The Duke of York Column seen from The Mall.

In 1793, the Duke of York was sent to Flanders in command of the British contingent of Coburg's army destined for the invasion of France. On his return to Britain in the following year, George III promoted him to the rank of field marshal, and on 3 April 1795, appointed him Commander-in-Chief in succession to Lord Amherst. His second field command was with the army sent to invade Holland in conjunction with a Russian corps d'armée in 1799. Sir Ralph Abercromby and Admiral Sir Charles Mitchell, in charge of the vanguard, had succeeded in capturing the Dutch ships in Den Helder. However, following the Duke of York's arrival with the main body of the army, a number of disasters befell the allied forces. On 17 October, the Duke signed the Convention of Alkmaar, by which the allied expedition withdrew after giving up its prisoners. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Duke of York Column, London The Duke of York Column is a monument in London, England, to His Royal Highness Prince Frederick, Duke of York, the second eldest son of King George III. It is located near where Regent Street meets The Mall, to the west of Admiralty Arch. ... The Mall, looking towards Buckingham Palace The Mall (IPA: /mæl/) in London is the road running from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Admiralty Arch and on to Trafalgar Square at its eastern end, where it crosses Spring Gardens, which was where the Metropolitan Board of Works and... For other uses, see Flanders (disambiguation). ... Note: This article is about the military usage of the word marshal. For other usages, see the end of this article. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1795 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The Commander-in-Chief of the Forces, or just the Commander-in-Chief (C-in-C), was the professional head of the British Army from 1672 until 1904, when the office was replaced by the Chief of the General Staff, soon to become Chief of the Imperial General Staff. ... Sir Ralph Abercromby (sometimes spelled Abercrombie) (October 7, 1734–March 28, 1801) was a British lieutenant-general noted for his services during the Napoleonic Wars. ... is the 290th day of the year (291st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

These military setbacks were inevitable, given the Duke's lack of combat experience as a field commander, the lamentable state of the British army at the time, and the intervention of pure bad luck during the campaign. Nonetheless, because of Flaners, the Prince was destined to be unfairly pilloried for all time in the rhyme [[The Grand Old Duke of York], which goes:

The grand old Duke of York,

He had ten thousand men.

He marched them up to the top of the hill

And he marched them down again.

And when they were up, they were up.

And when they were down, they were down.

And when they were only halfway up,

They were neither up nor down.

Later life

Mindful of the poor performance of the British army (and its commanders) that he had experienced in Flanders, the Duke of York carried out many significant structural, training and logistical reforms to the British military forces during his service as the army's commander-in-chief during the early 19th Century. These reforms led to Great Britain's subsequent successes in the wars against Napoleon. In these positive outcomes, culminating in the victory over Napoleon at Waterloo, the Duke was aided by the military genius of the Duke of Wellington, who eventually would succeed him as commander-in-chief. I should be noted that the Duke resigned for a time as commander-in-chief of the army, on 25 March 1809, as the result of a scandal caused by the activities of his latest mistress, Mary Anne Clarke. Clarke was accused of illicitly selling army commissions under the Duke's aegis. A select committee was appointed by the British House of Commons to inquire into the matter. The parliament eventually acquitted the Duke of having received bribes by 278 votes to 196. He nevertheless resigned because of the high tally against him. Two years later, on 29 May 1811, after it was revealed that Clarke had received payment from the Duke's disgraced chief accuser, the Prince Regent reappointed the now exonerated Duke of York as commander-in-chief. The Duke would hold this post for the rest of his life. In addition, the Prince Regent also created his brother a Knight Grand Cross of the Royal Guelphic Order. For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The Dukedom of Wellington, derived from Wellington in Somerset, is a hereditary title and the senior Dukedom in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. ... is the 84th day of the year (85th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1809 (MDCCCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar). ... Mary Anne Clarke (1776–1852) was the mistress of Frederick, Duke of York. ... British House of Commons Canadian House of Commons The House of Commons is the elected lower house of the bicameral parliament in the United Kingdom and Canada. ... is the 149th day of the year (150th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1811 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Prince Regent (or Prince Regnant, as a direct borrowing from French language) is a prince who rules a country instead of a sovereign, e. ... The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, was a British order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later George IV). ...

The Duke of York maintained a country residence at Oatlands near Weybridge, Surrey; but he was seldom there, preferring to immerse himself in London's high life, with its gaming tables and attendant vices. (The Duke was perpetually in debt due to his excessive gambling on cards and racehorses.) Following the unexpected death of his niece, Princess Charlotte of Wales in 1817, the Duke became second in line to the throne, with a serious chance of inheriting it. This opportunity to become king improved further in 1820 when he became heir presumptive with the death of his father, the elderly and mentally ill George III. Oatlands is a district in Surrey near Weybridge (Weybridge website), which in Tudor and Stuart times was the location of a royal palace. ... Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (January 7, 1796 - November 6, 1817) was the only child of the ill-fated marriage between George IV (at that time the Prince of Wales) and Caroline of Brunswick. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... An Heir Presumptive (capitalised) is the person provisionally scheduled to inherit a throne, peerage, or other hereditary honor, but whose position can be displaced by the birth of an Heir Apparent or of a new Heir Presumptive with a better claim to the throne. ...

The Duke of York managed to pre-decease the equally unhealthy George IV, however; he died of dropsy and apparent cardio-vascular complications at the home of the Duke of Rutland on Arlington Street, London, in 1827. The Duke of York's self-indulgent lifestyle had no doubt led to his relatively early demise, thus denying him the throne. After lying in state in London, the Duke's remains were interred in [[St. George's Chapel], at Windsor. Earl of Rutland and Duke of Rutland are titles in the peerage of England, derived from Rutland, a traditional county. ... This article is about the castle in Windsor. ...

This article is about the monarchy of the United Kingdom, one of sixteen that share a common monarch; for information about this constitutional relationship, see Commonwealth realm; for information on the reigning monarch, see Elizabeth II. For information about other Commonwealth realm monarchies, as well as other relevant articles, see... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover and the Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... “George III” redirects here. ... George IV (George Augustus Frederick) (12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was king of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death. ... William IV (William Henry; 21 August 1765 – 20 June 1837) was King of the United Kingdom and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death. ... Queen Charlotte of Württemberg, (born The Princess Charlotte, later The Princess Royal) (Charlotte Augusta Matilda), (29 September 1766-5 October 1828) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest daughter of King George III. She was later the Queen consort of Frederick I of Württemberg. ... HRH The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 – 23 January 1820) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. ... Augusta Sophia (November 8, 1768-September 22, 1840), Princess of Great Britain and Ireland, Princess of Hanover, Duchess of Brunswick and Lüneburg. ... The Princess Elizabeth (22 May 1770 - 10 January 1840) was a member of the British Royal Family, the 7th child and 3rd daughter of George III of the United Kingdom. ... Ernest Augustus I of Hanover Ernest Augustus I, King of Hanover (5 June 1771 – 18 November 1851), also known (1799-1837) as the Duke of Cumberland, was the fifth son and eighth child of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... Portrait of Prince Augustus Frederick by Louis Gauffier Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex (27 January 1773 – 21 April 1843), was the sixth son of King George III of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Charlotte. ... Prince Adolphus Frederick, Duke of Cambridge (24 February 1774-8 July 1850), was the tenth-born child and seventh son of King George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte. ... The Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh (25 April 1776 - 30 April 1857) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eleventh child and fourth daughter of King George III. // Early life Princess Mary was born, on 25 April 1776, at Buckingham Palace, London. ... The Princess Sophia (Sophia Matilda; 2 November 1777 - 27 May 1848) was a member of the British Royal Family, the twelfth child and fifth daughter of George III. // The Princess Sophia was born at Buckingham Palace, London. ... The Prince Octavius (23 February 1779 - 3 May 1783) was a member of the British Royal Family, the thirteenth child and seventh son of George III // [edit] Life Prince Octavius was born, on 23 February 1779, at Buckingham Palace, London. ... The Prince Alfred (September 22, 1780 - August 20, 1782) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourteenth child and eight son of King George III // Early life His father was King George III. His mother was Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. ... For other persons known as Princess Amelia, see Princess Amelia The Princess Amelia (7 August 1783 - 2 November 1810), was a member of the British Royal Family. ... Engraving from a portrait of Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales, in the National Portrait Gallery, attributed to Sir Thomas Lawrence Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales (January 7, 1796 – November 6, 1817) was the only child of the ill-fated marriage between George IV (at that time the Prince of Wales... Her Highness Princess Charlotte of Clarence (Charlotte Augusta Louisa) (March 21, 1819-March 21, 1819) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King George III. At the time of her birth she was third in the line of succession to the British throne. ... Princess Elizabeth of Clarence (Elizabeth Georgiana Adelaide) (10 December 1820 – 4 March 1821) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King George III. At the time of her birth she was third in the line of succession to the British throne. ... “Queen Victoria” redirects here. ... George V, King of Hanover and 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, Georg Friedrich Alexander Karl Ernst August (27 May 1819 – 12 June 1878) was the only son of Ernst August I, King of Hanover and 1st Duke of Cumberland (fifth son of King George III of the United Kingdom... Prince George, 2nd Duke of Cambridge Prince George, Duke of Cambridge (26 March 1819 – 17 March 1904), was a member of the British Royal Family, a male-line grandson of King George III. The Duke was an army officer and served as commander-in-chief of the British Army from... Princess Augusta Caroline Charlotte Elizabeth Mary Sophia Louise of Cambridge (19 July 1822 – 5 December 1916), was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King George III. She later married into the Grand Ducal House of Mecklenburg-Strelitz and became the Grand Duchess of Mecklenburg-Strelitz. ... Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge (Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth; 27 November 1833 – 27 October 1897) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George III. She later held the title of Duchess of Teck by marriage. ...

Titles, styles, honours and arms

Titles

• 1763-1784: His Royal Highness The Prince Frederick
• 1784-1827: His Royal Highness The Duke of York and Albany

Honours

• Order of the Garter,
• Order of the Bath,
• Royal Guelphic Order,
• Privy Council

The insignia of a knight of the Order of the Garter. ... Badge of a Companion of the Order of the Bath (Military Division) Ribbon of the Order of the Bath The Most Honourable Order of the Bath (formerly The Most Honourable Military Order of the Bath)[1] is a British order of chivalry founded by George I on May 18, 1725. ... The Royal Guelphic Order, sometimes also referred to as the Hanoverian Guelphic Order, was a British order of chivalry instituted on 28 April 1815 by the Prince Regent (later George IV). ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ...

Legacy

Fredericton, the capital of the Canadian province of New Brunswick, was named after Prince Frederick. The city was originally named "Frederick's Town". Fredericksburgh Township, now part of Greater Napanee, Ontario, was named after the Duke of York. When Toronto was re-founded to be the capital of Upper Canada in 1793, it was named York after Prince Frederick. Although the city's name was changed back to Toronto in 1834, many surrounding localities still bear the name of York. Template:Hide = Motto: Template:Unhide = Fredericpolis silvae filia noblis (Fredericton noble daughter of the forest) Established: {{{Established}}} Area: 131. ... This article is about the Canadian province. ... Flag Map of Upper Canada (orange) Capital Newark 1792 - 1797 York(later renamed Toronto in 1834) 1797 - 1841 Language(s) English Religion Anglican Government Constitutional monarchy Sovereign  - 1791-1820 George III  - 1837-1841 Victoria Lieutenant-Governor See list of Lieutenant-Governors Legislature Parliament of Upper Canada  - Upper house Legislative Council... York was the original name of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ...

The towering Duke of York Column on The Mall, London was completed in 1834 as a memorial to Prince Frederick. It was paid for by the soldiers of the British Army who each gave up one day's wages to pay for the column. A statue to Fredrick's honour is also in Edinburgh. The inscription reads in main: "Field Marshal His Royal Highness Frederick Duke Of York and Albany KG Commander in Chief of the British Army". He founded the The Duke of York's Royal Military School in 1803 in Chelsea, which relocated to Dover in 1909. Originally named the Duke of York's Royal Military Asylum, it was set up to look after orphans of military families. Now co-educational, the school remains exclusive to military children. Duke of York Column, London The Duke of York Column is a monument in London, England, to His Royal Highness Prince Frederick, Duke of York, the second eldest son of King George III. It is located near where Regent Street meets The Mall, to the west of Admiralty Arch. ... The Mall, looking towards Buckingham Palace The Mall (/mæl/) in London is the road running from Buckingham Palace at its western end to Admiralty Arch and on to Trafalgar Square at its eastern end, where it crosses Spring Gardens, which was where the Metropolitan Board of Works and for... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... Year 1834 (MDCCCXXXIV) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Edinburgh (disambiguation). ... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ...

See also

• List of famous duels

References