Prince William Augustus
Duke of Cumberland
Portrait by Joshua Reynolds, 1758
Titles	HRH The Duke of Cumberland HRH Prince William Augustus of Wales
Born	April 15, 1721
	Leicester House, London
Died	October 31, 1765
	London
Royal House	House of Hanover
Father	George II
Mother	Caroline of Ansbach

The Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, KG, KB, PC (15 April 1721–31 October 1765), a younger son of King George II of Great Britain and Queen Caroline, was a noted military leader. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (436x684, 41 KB)[edit] Summary Prince William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, son of George II of Great Britain, as painted by Joshua Reynolds, 1758 [edit] Licensing This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United... Sir Joshua Reynolds Sir Joshua Reynolds (July 16, 1723–February 23, 1792) was the most important and influential of eighteenth-century English painters, specialising in portraits and promoting the Grand Style in painting which depended on idealization of the imperfect. ... 1758 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... For details on the adjacent London Underground station, see Leicester Square tube station Leicester Square in 1750, looking north. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (or Anspach) (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline) (1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737) as Queen Caroline was the queen consort of King George II of Great Britain 1727-1737. ... The Garter is the most recognizable insignia of the Order of the Garter. ... The abbreviation KB can refer to: Kilobyte (kB), equal to 1,000 bytes, or Kibibyte (KiB), equal to 1,024 bytes. ... Her Majestys Most Honourable Privy Council is a body of advisors to the British Sovereign. ... April 15 is the 105th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (106th in leap years). ... // Events Pope Innocent XIII becomes pope Johann Sebastian Bach composes the Brandenburg Concertos April 4 - Robert Walpole becomes the first prime minister of Britain September 10 - Treaty of Nystad is signed, bringing an end to the Great Northern War November 2 - Peter I is proclaimed Emperor of All the Russias... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Margravine Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach (or Anspach) (Wilhelmina Charlotte Caroline) (1 March 1683 – 20 November 1737) as Queen Caroline was the queen consort of King George II of Great Britain 1727-1737. ...

Early life

He was born in London, where his parents had moved after his grandfather, George I, was invited to take the British throne. At only four years old, he was created Duke of Cumberland as well as Marquess of Berkhampstead, Earl of Kennington, Viscount Trematon and Baron Alderney. The young prince was educated well, becoming his parents' favourite (so much so that his father would later consider ways of making him his heir in preference over his eldest brother, Frederick, Prince of Wales). At Hampton Court Palace, apartments were designed specially for him by William Kent. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... George I (Georg Ludwig) (28 May 1660 – 11 June 1727) was Elector of Hanover from 23 January 1698, and King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 1 August 1714, until his death. ... The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis) (February 1, 1707 - March 31, 1751) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest son of King George II. He was born into the House of Hanover and was known as Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Hanover. ... Hampton Court Palace with the Union Jack flying Hampton Court Palace is a former royal palace in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, south west London, United Kingdom. ... William Kent William Kent (born in Bridlington, Yorkshire, c. ...

Military career

From childhood, he showed physical courage and ability. He was intended, by the King and Queen, for the office of Lord High Admiral, and, in 1740, he sailed, as a volunteer, in the fleet under the command of Sir John Norris, but he quickly became dissatisfied with the Navy, and, early in 1742, he began an Army career. In December 1742, he became a Major-General, and, the following year, he first saw active service in Persia. George I and the "martial boy" shared in the glory of the Battle of Dettingen (27 June 1743), and Cumberland, who was wounded in the action, was reported as a hero in Britain, thus founding his military popularity. After the battle he was made Lieutenant-General. For the international law of the sea, see Admiralty law. ... Events May 31 - Friedrich II comes to power in Prussia upon the death of his father, Friedrich Wilhelm I. October 20 - Maria Theresia of Austria inherits the Habsburg hereditary dominions (Austria, Bohemia, Hungary and present-day Belgium). ... Portair by George Knapton cirka 1735. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... // Events January 24 - Charles VII Albert becomes Holy Roman Emperor. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Combatants Britain, Hanover, Austria France Commanders George II duc de Noailles Strength 50,000 70,000 Casualties 750 8,000 The Battle of Dettingen (German: Schlacht bei Dettingen) took place on June 16 (June 27 according to the Gregorian calendar, which the English had not officially adopted), 1743 at Dettingen... June 27 is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 187 days remaining. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ...

Battle of Fontenoy

In 1745, having been made Captain-General of the British land forces, at home and in the field, the Duke was again in Flanders, as Commander-in-Chief of the allied British, Hanoverian, Austrian and Dutch troops. Advancing to the relief of Tournay, which was besieged by Marshal Saxe, he engaged the great general (who enjoyed a spot of brandy), in the Battle of Fontenoy, on 11 May 1745. Had the Duke been supported by the allies in his marvellously courageous attack on the superior positions of the French army, Fontenoy would probably not have been recorded as a defeat for Britain. Cumberland himself was in the midst of the column which penetrated the French centre, and his conduct of the inevitable retreat was unusually cool and skillful. The brigade which he commanded to capture the redoubt included the Scottish Highland Black Watch regiment, which, in 1743, had been taken away from its previous role - policing its home area - to join the forces on the continent. The courage of the Highlanders in the battle greatly impressed the Duke of Cumberland, and, shortly afterwards, in the autumn of 1745, the Black Watch was transferred to the South of England for defence against possible French invasion while the British were preoccupied further north. The Battle of Fontenoy was fought at Fontenoy in the Austrian Netherlands on May 11, 1745, during the War of Austrian Succession. ... The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) were a German royal dynasty of Lombard descent which succeeded the House of Stuart as kings of Great Britain in 1714. ... Image File history File links This image depicts a seal, an emblem, a coat of arms or a crest. ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis) (February 1, 1707 - March 31, 1751) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest son of King George II. He was born into the House of Hanover and was known as Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Hanover. ... Princess Anne of Orange, Princess Royal and Princess of Hanover, Princess-Regent of Friesland (2 November 1709–12 January 1759) was the second child and eldest daughter of King George II of Great Britain and his consort, Queen Caroline. ... For other persons known as Princess Amelia, see Princess Amelia The Princess Amelia Sophie (10 July 1711 – 31 October 1786), was a member of the British Royal Family, the second daughter of King George II. // Early Life Princess Amelia was born in Schloss Herrenhausen, Hanover, Germany. ... The Princess Caroline Elizabeth ( May 30, 1713 - December 28, 1757) was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth child and third daughter of King George II. // Early Life Princess Caroline Elizabeth was born in Hanover, Germany. ... Princess Mary of Great Britain (February 22, 1723–January 14, 1772) was a daughter of King George II and Queen Caroline. ... Louise of Hanover and of Great Britain (December 18, 1724 - December 19, 1751) was the youngest surviving daughter of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and became Queen consort of Denmark and Norway. ... Princess Augusta Charlotte of Wales (August 31, 1737 - March 31, 1813), was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King George II and sister of King George III. She later married into the Ducal House of Brunswick-Lüneburg. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738 – 29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of York (25 March 1739 – 17 September 1767) was the younger brother of George III of the United Kingdom, the second son of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha. ... Princess Elizabeth Caroline of Wales (30 December 1740 - September 4, 1759) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandchild of King George II and sister of George III of the United Kingdom Princess Elizabeth Caroline was born at Norfolk House, St Jamess Square, London. ... HRH Prince William Henry, Earl of Connaught, 1st Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (November 14, 1743 - August 25, 1805) was a British prince and military officer, younger brother of King George III. He was born to Frederick Louis, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha at Leicester House in... Prince Henry Frederick, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn (7 November 1745 - 18 September 1790) was the sixth child of Frederick, Prince of Wales and Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, and a younger brother of George III. // [edit] Early life HRH Prince Henry Frederick of Wales was born on 7 November 1745... Princess Caroline Matilda of Wales (July 11, 1751 - May 10, 1775), was a princess of Great Britain and Ireland, sister of King George III and Queen of Denmark from 1767 to 1772. ... Princess Sophia of Gloucester, Sophia Matilda (May 29, 1773 - November 29, 1844) was a member of the British Royal Family, a niece of King George III. Sophia was born on May 29, 1773 in London. ... His Royal Highness Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh (January 15, 1776 - November 30, 1834) was a member of the British Royal Family, a great grandson of King George II. Early Life Prince William was born on 15 January 1776 in Rome, Italy. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ... Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; some prefer to call this the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians... Hanover (German: Hannover []), on the river Leine, is the capital of the federal state of Lower Saxony (Niedersachsen), Germany. ... Categories: Belgium-related stubs | Belgian towns | UN World Heritage Sites | Romanesque architecture ... Maurice, comte de Saxe (German Moritz Graf von Sachsen) (October 28, 1696 – November 30, 1750), Marshal General of France, the natural son of Augustus II of Poland and of the countess Aurora Königsmark, was born at Goslar. ... The Battle of Fontenoy was fought at Fontenoy in the Austrian Netherlands on May 11, 1745, during the War of Austrian Succession. ... May 11 is the 131st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (132nd in leap years). ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... The Black Watch, 3rd Battalion, Royal Regiment of Scotland (3 SCOTS) is an infantry battalion of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...

"The Forty-Five"

Despite being a strict disciplinarian, the young Duke was an inspiration to his men and created a very lively esprit de corps. As a general, he had courage and resolution; while he sometimes lacked wisdom and tact, he displayed an energy and power in military affairs which pointed him out to the British people as the one commander upon whom they could rely to put a decisive stop to the successful career of Prince Charles Edward Stuart (The Young Pretender) in the Jacobite Rising of 1745 - 1746. Sir John Ligonier wrote of him at this time, Ou je suis fort trompé ou il se forme là un grand capitaine. Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... Each Jacobite Rising formed part of a series of military campaigns by Jacobites attempting to restore the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland (and after 1707, Great Britain) after James VII of Scotland and II of England was deposed in 1688 and the thrones claimed by his... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... John (Jean Louis) Ligonier, 1st Earl Ligonier, KB, PC (1680 - 1770) was a British military officer. ...

Recalled from Flanders, Cumberland immediately proceeded with his preparations for quelling the insurrection. He joined the midland army under Ligonier, and immediately began pursuit of the enemy, but the retreat of Charles Edward from Derby disrupted his plans, and it was not until they had reached Penrith, and the advanced portion of his army had been repulsed on Clifton Moor, that Cumberland became aware of just how hopeless an attempt to overtake the retreating Highlanders would then be. Carlisle having been retaken, he retired to London, until the news of the defeat of Hawley at Falkirk roused again the fears of the English people, and centred the hopes of Britain on the Duke. He was appointed commander of the forces in Scotland. Derby (pronounced dar-bee ) is a city in the East Midlands of England. ... Penrith is a market town in the county of Cumbria (historically Cumberland), England. ... Carlisle is a city in the extreme northwest of England, some 16 km from the border with Scotland. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... Henry Hawley (c. ... Falkirk (An Eaglais Bhreac in Scottish Gaelic) is a town in central Scotland. ... Motto: (Latin for No one provokes me with impunity)1 Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow Official language(s) English, Gaelic, Scots2 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen of the UK Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister of the UK Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Jack McConnell MSP Unification    - by...

In Scotland

"The Highlanders Medley", or "The Duke Triumphant"
Click above for detailed decription

Arriving in Edinburgh on 30 January 1746, he at once proceeded in search of the "Young Pretender". He made a detour to Aberdeen, where he spent some time training the well-equipped forces now under his command for the peculiar nature of the warfare in which they were about to engage. What the old and experienced generals of his time had failed even to understand, the young Duke of Cumberland, still only twenty-four years of age, accomplished easily. He prepared his army to withstand the aggressive charges on which all Highland successes depended and he reorganised the forces and restored their discipline and self-confidence in a few weeks. Download high resolution version (1112x1536, 574 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1112x1536, 574 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... January 30 is the 30th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... For other uses, see Aberdeen (disambiguation). ...

On 8 April 1746, he set out from Aberdeen, towards Inverness, and, on 16 April, he fought the decisive Battle of Culloden, in which the forces of the Pretender were completely destroyed. Cumberland told his troops to take notice that the Jacobite enemy's orders were to give no quarter to the "troops of the Elector", and they took the hint to reciprocate; there is no evidence of any such orders. On account of the merciless severity with which the fugitives were treated, Cumberland received the nickname of "Butcher" from some, and he is still most commonly known to Scottish Highlanders as "Butcher Cumberland". This taunt was used for political purposes in England, and Cumberland's own brother, the Prince of Wales (who had been refused permission to take a military role on his father's behalf), seems to have encouraged the virulent attacks upon the Duke. Like Oliver Cromwell in Ireland, Cumberland dared to act in a way which would be held against him by some for the rest of his life, and terrorised an obstinate and unyielding enemy into submission. How real the danger of a protracted guerrilla warfare in the Highlands was may be judged from the explicit declarations of Jacobite leaders that they intended to continue the struggle. As it was, the war came to an end almost at once, and most of the populations of Scotland, England, and the colonies, however, lionised him as their deliverer from the Jacobite menace - for instance, he received an honorary degree from the University of Glasgow. April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... April 16 is the 106th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (107th in leap years). ... Combatants Royal Army Jacobite Forces Commanders William Augustus Bonnie Prince Charlie Strength ca. ... Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, is) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ... The Prince Frederick, Prince of Wales (Frederick Louis) (February 1, 1707 - March 31, 1751) was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest son of King George II. He was born into the House of Hanover and was known as Prince Friedrich Ludwig of Hanover. ... Unfinished portrait miniature of Oliver Cromwell by Samuel Cooper, 1657. ... Look up guerrilla in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Cumberland preserved the strictest discipline in his camp. He was inflexible in the execution of what he deemed to be his duty, without favour to any man. At the same time, he exercised his influence in favour of clemency in special cases that were brought to his notice. Some years later, James Wolfe spoke of the Duke as "for ever doing noble and generous actions". General James Wolfe, General James (Jimmy) Wolfe (January 2, 1727 – September 13, 1759) was a British general, remembered mainly for his role in establishing British rule in Canada. ...

The Duke's victorious efforts were acknowledged by his being voted an income of £40,000 per annum, in addition to his revenue as a Prince of the Royal House. The Duke took no part in the Flanders campaign of 1746, but, in 1747, he again opposed the still-victorious Marshal Saxe and received a heavy defeat at the Battle of Lauffeld, or Val, near Maestricht (July 2, 1747). // Events Catharine de Ricci (born 1522) canonized. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... The Battle of Lauffeld took place on July 2, 1747 during the French conquest of the Netherlands (part of the War of the Austrian Succession. ... Maastricht, also spelled Maestricht, or Mestreech in local dialect, is a municipality, and capital of the province of Limburg. ... July 2 is the 183rd day of the year (184th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 182 days remaining. ... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape...

Peacetime

Published according to Act of Parliament, 1749
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During the ten years of peace from 1748, Cumberland occupied himself chiefly with his duties as Captain-General, and the result of his work was clearly shown in the conduct of the army in the Seven Years' War. His unpopularity, which had steadily increased since Culloden, interfered greatly with his success in politics, and when the death of the Prince of Wales brought the latter's son, a minor, next in succession to the throne, the Duke was not able to secure for himself the contingent regency, which was vested in the Dowager Princess of Wales, who considered him an enemy. Download high resolution version (3751x2674, 3244 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (3751x2674, 3244 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Events While in debtors prison, John Cleland writes Fanny Hill (Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure). ... Events April 24 - A congress assembles at Aix-la-Chapelle with the intent to conclude the struggle known as the War of Austrian Succession - at October 18 - The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle is signed to end the war Adam Smith begins to deliver public lectures in Edinburgh Building of... Combatants Prussia, , Great Britain, , Hanover, Hesse-Kassel, Brunswick, , Ireland, , Portugal , Austria, , France, , Russia, Saxony, , Sweden, , Spain The Seven Years War (1754 and 1756–1763), some of the theatres of which are called the Pomeranian War and the French and Indian War (see below), was a war in the mid-18th... Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (November 30, 1719-February 8, 1772) was Princess of Wales from May 8, 1736 to March 31, 1751. ...

The Seven Years' War

In 1757, the Seven Years' War having broken out, Cumberland was placed at the head of a motley army of allies to defend Hanover. At the Battle of Hastenbeck, near Hamelin, on 26 July 1757, he was defeated by the superior forces of d'Estrées. In September of the same year, his defeat had almost become disgrace. Driven from point to point, and at last hemmed in by the French, under Richelieu, he capitulated at Klosterzeven, on 8 September 1757, agreeing to disband his army and to evacuate Hanover. 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... The Battle of Hastenbeck took place during the Seven Years War on July 26, 1757, near the village of Hastenbeck (close to Hamelin). ... Hamelin (German: Hameln) is a town in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... July 26 is the 207th day (208th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 158 days remaining. ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... Duke Louis Charles dEstrées (1695-1771) was a French military commander during the Seven Years War where he won the Battle of Hastenbeck July 26, 1757. ... Zeven is a town in the district of Rotenburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. ... September 8 is the 251st day of the year (252nd in leap years). ... 1757 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...

Later life

"The Tombstone", published October 1765
Click above for detailed descrition

His disgrace was completed on his return to England by his father, George II's, refusal to be bound by the terms of the Duke's agreement. In chagrin and disappointment he retired into private life, after having formally resigned the public offices he held. In his retirement, he made no attempt to justify his conduct, applying in his own case the discipline he had enforced in others. For a few years, he lived quietly at Windsor, and subsequently at Cumberland Lodge in London, taking but little part in politics. He did much, however, to displace the Bute ministry and that of Grenville, and endeavoured to restore Pitt to office. Public opinion had now set in his favour, and he became almost as popular as he had been in his youth. After the accession of his nephew, George III, he vied with his sister-in-law, Augusta of Saxe-Gotha, for the role of regent in times of emergency. Shortly before his death, the Duke was requested to open negotiations with Pitt for a return to power. This was, however, unsuccessful. Download high resolution version (1536x968, 370 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1536x968, 370 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... George II (George Augustus) (10 November 1683 – 25 October 1760) was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (Hanover) and Archtreasurer and Prince-Elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death. ... Windsor Castle: The Round Tower or keep dominating the castle, as seen from the River Thames. ... Built 1650 in Windsor Great Park, south of Royal Lodge, Cumberland Lodge was called Byfield House till 1670. ... John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute (May 25, 1713 - March 10, 1792), was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762-1763) under George III. A close relative of the Campbell clan (his mother was a daughter of the First Duke of Argyll), Bute succeeded to... Arms of George Grenville George Grenville (14 October 1712 – 13 November 1770) was a British Whig statesman who served in government for the relatively short period of nine years, reaching the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain. ... William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham (15 November 1708–11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who achieved his greatest fame as Secretary of State during the Seven Years War (aka French and Indian War) and who was later Prime Minister of Great Britain. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738–29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (November 30, 1719-February 8, 1772) was Princess of Wales from May 8, 1736 to March 31, 1751. ...

He served as the eleventh Chancellor of Trinity College, Dublin from 1751 to 1765. The University of Dublin, located in Dublin, Ireland, was founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I, making it Irelands oldest university. ... Events Adam Smith is appointed professor of logic at the University of Glasgow March 25 - For the last time, New Years Day is legally on March 25 in England and Wales. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

The Duke passed away, on Upper Grosvenor Street in London, on October 31, 1765 and is buried beneath the floor of the nave of the Henry VII Lady Chapel in Westminster Abbey. London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... October 31 is the 304th day of the year (305th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 61 days remaining. ... 1765 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Henry VII Lady Chapel is a large chapel at the far eastern end of Westminster Abbey. ... The Abbeys western façade The Collegiate Church of St Peter, Westminster, which is almost always referred to as Westminster Abbey, is a mainly Gothic church, on the scale of a cathedral, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. ...

Titles, Styles, Honours & Arms

Titles

• 1721-1725: His Royal Highness Prince William Augustus of Wales
• 1725-1765: His Royal Highness The Duke of Cumberland

Legacy

The Scottish Highland town of Fort Augustus takes its name from a British Army fort which was named in his honour. Fort Augustus is a settlement in the Scottish Highlands, at the south west end of Loch Ness. ...

Many places in the American colonies were named after him, including the Cumberland River, the Cumberland Gap, the Cumberland Plateau, and the Cumberland Mountains, in addition to several counties and towns named "Cumberland" in the mid-18th century. Length 1,106 km Elevation of the source 480 m Average discharge 3,217 m³/s Area watershed 46,830 km² Origin Oven Fork, Kentucky Mouth Ohio River Basin countries United States The Cumberland River is an important waterway in the southern United States. ... Cumberland Gap in winter The Cumberland Gap is a pass across the Cumberland Mountains region of the Appalachian Mountains, famous in American history for its role as the chief passageway through the mountains for early settlers. ... The Cumberland Plateau includes much of eastern Kentucky and western West Virginia in the United States. ... Cumberland Mountains is a region in the southeastern section of the Appalachian Mountains. ...

Biography

A Life of the Duke of Cumberland by Andrew Henderson was published in 1766, and anonymous (Richard Rolt) Historical Memoirs appeared in 1767. See especially A. N. Campbell Maclachlan, William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland (1876).

Trivia

In 2006, he was selected by the BBC History Magazine as the 18th century's worst Briton. (BBC) 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... BBC History is a magazine devoted to history enthusiasts of all levels of knowledge and interest. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... A list of the worst Britons in history, according to ten English historians, was compiled by the BBC History Magazine in late 2005. ...

References

• This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain.
• Culloden - The Black Watch
• Ascanius; or, the Young Adventurer