Dutch Royal Family

HM The Queen of the Netherlands HRH The Prince of Orange HRH The Princess of Orange HRH Princess Catharina-Amalia HRH Princess Alexia HH Prince Johan-Friso HH Princess Mabel HE Countess Luana HRH Prince Constantijn HRH Princess Laurentien HE Countess Eloise HE Count Claus HH Princess Irene HRH Princess Margriet Mr Pieter van Vollenhoven HH Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau HH Princess Marilène of Orange-Nassau HH Prince Bernhard of Orange Nassau HH Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau HH Prince Pieter-Christiaan of Orange-Nassau HH Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau HH Prince Floris of Orange-Nassau

Princess Irene Emma Elisabeth of the Netherlands (born August 5, 1939), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, is the second child of then Princess Juliana of the Netherlands (later Queen Juliana) and Prince Bernhard, a former prince of Lippe-Biesterfeld. She was born in Soestdijk Palace. She is the sister of the current Queen of the Netherlands, Beatrix. The Netherlands have been an independent monarchy since 1815, and have been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since. ... This has been converted to Image:Netherlands coat of arms large. ... Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of Orange-Nassau) (born January 31, 1938), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, styled HM The Queen is the Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne in 1980. ... His Royal Highness Crown Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, (Willem-Alexander Claus George Ferdinand), Prince of Orange, Prince of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg (born April 27, 1967), is the Crown Prince of the Netherlands and styled HRH the Prince of Orange. ... Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Máxima of the Netherlands (born Máxima Zorreguieta Cerruti on May 17, 1971 in Buenos Aires, Argentina), Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange, Princess of Orange-Nassau, Jonkvrouwe of Amsberg, styled HRH the Princess of Orange is the wife of Prince Willem-Alexander... Her Royal Highness Princess Catharina-Amalia of the Netherlands (Catharina-Amalia Beatrix Carmen Victoria van Oranje-Nassau) (born December 7, 2003, at the Bronovo Hospital in The Hague), Heir Princess of Orange, Princess of the Netherlands, Princess of Orange-Nassau, called Amalia, is the eldest daughter of Crown Prince Willem... HRH Princess Alexia of the Netherlands Her Royal Highness Princess Alexia of the Netherlands (Alexia Juliana Marcela Laurentien), Princess of Orange-Nassau, is the second daughter of His Royal Highness Prince Willem-Alexander of the Netherlands, Prince of Orange, the heir apparent to the throne of the Netherlands and Her... Prince Johan-Friso His Highness Johan Friso Bernhard Christiaan David, Prince of Orange-Nassau, Count of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg (born September 25, 1968), is the second son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Prince Claus von Amsberg. ... Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau (August 11, 1968–) is the wife of Prince Johan-Friso of Orange-Nassau, second son of Queen Beatrix and the late Claus von Amsberg. ... Emma Luana Ninette Sophie, Countess of Orange-Nassau is the first child of Prince Johan-Friso of Orange-Nassau and Princess Mabel of Orange-Nassau. ... His Royal Highness Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands (Constantijn Christof Frederick Aschwin), Prince of Orange-Nassau, Jonkheer of Amsberg, (born October 11, 1969), is the third and youngest son of Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands and Claus von Amsberg. ... Princess Laurentien (Petra Laurentien Brinkhorst) (born May 25, 1966 in Leiden) is the wife of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and daughter of the Dutch minister of Economic Affairs, Laurens-Jan Brinkhorst. ... Her Excellency Countess Eloise Beatrix Sophie Laurence of Orange-Nassau was born on June 8th 2002. ... His Excellency Count Claus-Casimir Bernhard Marius Max of Orange-Nassau was born on March 21, 2004, soon after the death of his great-grandmother Queen Juliana of the Netherlands, as the second child and first son of Prince Constantijn of the Netherlands and Laurentien Brinkhorst. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Margriet Francisca of the Netherlands (born January 19, 1943) is the third daughter of Princess Juliana of the Netherlands and Prince Bernhard, the former Prince Bernhard of Lippe-Biesterfeld. ... Pieter van Vollenhoven (born April 30, 1939) is the husband of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands. ... His Highness Prince Maurits Willem Pieter Hendrik van Vollenhoven, Prince of Orange-Nassau (born 17 April 1968), is the eldest son of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Mr Pieter van Vollenhoven. ... Her Highness Princess Marie-Helène Angela of Orange-Nassau, Van Vollenhoven (born February 4, 1970) is the wife of HH Prince Maurits of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven, the eldest son of HRH Princess Margriet of the Netherlands and Pieter van Vollenhoven. ... His Highness Bernhard Lucas Emmanuel, Prince of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven was born in Nijmegen on 25 December 1969. ... Her Highness Princess Annette of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (b. ... His Highness Prince Pieter Christiaan Michiel of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (b. ... Her Highness Princess Anita of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (b. ... His Highness Prince Floris Frederik Martijn of Orange-Nassau, van Vollenhoven (b. ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The House of Orange-Nassau (in Dutch Oranje-Nassau), is a family that has played a central role in the political life of the Netherlands since William I of Orange (also known as William the Silent and Father of the Fatherland) organised the Dutch revolt against Spanish rule, which after... Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina of Orange-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Prince Bernhard in his later years. ... Queen Beatrix of the Netherlands (Beatrix Wilhelmina Armgard of Orange-Nassau) (born January 31, 1938), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, styled HM The Queen is the Queen of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, having acceded to the throne in 1980. ...

Because of the Nazi invasion of the Netherlands during World War II the Dutch Royal family chose to live in exile in Canada where Irene attended public school. As a teenager, she was dubbed by the Dutch press as "the glamorous Princess of the Netherlands." During the war, the Royal Dutch Brigade (the formation of Free Dutch soldiers that fought alongside the Allies) was named for Princess Irene. This was continued after the war by the Regiment Prinses Irene. Look up Nazi in Wiktionary, the free dictionary The term Nazi typically refers to someone who affiliates oneself with or is percieved to be affiliated with the ideology of the former National Socialist German Workers Party (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, commonly called NSDAP or the Nazi Party). ... World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrinations, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons like the atom bomb World War II, also known as the Second World War, was by far the bloodiest, most expensive, and most significant war in... The Royal Netherlands Motorized Infantry Brigade was initially formed from approximately 1500 Dutch troops, including a small group guarding German POWs, who arrived in the UK in May 1940 following the collapse of the Netherlands. ... The Garderegiment Fusiliers Prinses Irene is a regiment of the Royal Netherlands Army, named after Princess Irene, the sister of Queen Beatrix. ...

Princess Irene studied at the University of Utrecht then went to Madrid to learn the Spanish language. There, she met Prince Carlos Hugo de Bourbon-Parma, Duke of Parma, a Carlist pretender to the throne of Spain and a leader in General Francisco Franco's fascist Falange party. In the summer of 1963, Princess Irene secretly converted from Protestantism to Roman Catholicism. The first the public or the Royal Family knew about the conversion was when a photograph appeared on the front page of an Amsterdam newspaper showing the Princess kneeling at a Mass in the Roman Catholic Church of los Jerónimos in Madrid. News leaked out that she was engaged to Prince Carlos Hugo (b.1930), provoking a Protestant outcry and a constitutional crisis. Utrecht University (Universiteit Utrecht in Dutch) is a university in Utrecht, The Netherlands. ... Plaza de Cibeles (Cibeles square) and the Palacio de Comunicaciones (Communications Palace) Coat of arms. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... It has been suggested that France: Wars of Religion - Bourbon Dynasty be merged into this article or section. ... The term duke is a title of nobility which refers to the sovereign male ruler of a Continental European duchy, to a nobleman of the highest grade of the British peerage, or to the highest rank of nobility in various other European countries, including Portugal, Spain and France (in Italy... Parma is a medieval city in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna, with splendid architecture and a fine countryside around it. ... Carlism was a conservative political movement in Spain, purporting to establish an alternative branch of the Bourbons in the Spanish throne. ... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... The Falange or sometimes the Phalange is the name assigned to several political movements and parties dating from the 1930s, most particularly the original movement in Spain. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ... Amsterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province North Holland Population 739,295 (1 January 2005) Coordinates 4°54E - 52°22N Website www. ... Then-Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (now Pope Benedict XVI) presiding at the 2005 Easter Vigil Mass in place of the dying Pope John Paul II. Mass is the term used of the celebration of the Eucharist in the Latin rites of the Roman Catholic Church. ... Plaza de Cibeles (Cibeles square) and the Palacio de Comunicaciones (Communications Palace) Coat of arms. ...

Although it was a constitutional tradition and not a law that forbade a Catholic to reign over the Netherlands, it was a practice predicated upon a history of the Protestant-dominated Dutch Senate (States-General) born out of the 16th-century war with Spain. Fears of Catholic domination had increased over the centuries through difficulties and wars over the policies of many neighboring Catholic European countries and the precedent created by the ascension of a member of the House of Orange to the throne of England solely because he was Protestant. By the middle of the 20th century religious attitudes had begun to change, but only very slowly. While members of the Roman Catholic Church accounted for approximately 34% of the Dutch population, the Roman Catholic People's Party of the Netherlands came to power in 1959 and held a majority of members in the lower house when the crisis over Princess Irene's conversion and marriage took place. The Estates-General (Staten-Generaal) is the parliament of the Netherlands. ... The Principality of Orange The title originally referred to the sovereign principality of Orange in southern France, which was a property of the House of Orange (from 1702 Orange-Nassau). ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (mid-2004) - Density Ranked 1st UK 50. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

Amplifying the crisis over a Royal conversion to Catholicism and a marriage without approval of the Dutch States-General (which the Princess, then second-in-line to the throne, knew she would never get), were the still very fresh memories of the fascist General Franco's support for Nazi Germany. For the second in line to the throne not merely to convert to Roman Catholicism but associate with a leader of Franco's party, caused shock and consternation in the Netherlands. Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ... Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. ...

Queen Juliana attempted to stop the marriage, first by sending a member of her staff to Madrid to persuade the Princess not to go ahead with a marriage that was a political disaster for the monarchy in the Netherlands. It seemed to work and the Queen went on Dutch radio to tell the citizens that Princess Irene had agreed to cancel her engagement and was returning to the Netherlands. However, when the airplane arrived at Schiphol Airport, the Princess was not on it, and Queen Juliana and her husband, Prince Bernhard were supplied with a Dutch military plane to go to Spain to retrieve their daughter. However, a message was delivered to the Queen from the Dutch government warning that it would resign en masse if she set foot in Spain. Given the ramifications and the fact that a monarch from the House of Orange had never visited Spain, the Queen had no choice but to turn back. Juliana Queen of the Netherlands Queen Juliana of the Netherlands (Juliana Emma Louise Wilhelmina of Orange-Nassau) (April 30, 1909 – March 20, 2004), Princess of Orange-Nassau, Duchess of Mecklenburg, Princess of Lippe-Biesterfeld, was Queen of the Netherlands from her mothers abdication in 1948 to her own abdication... Prince Bernhard in his later years. ...

It was suggested that Princess Irene was a pawn of General Francisco Franco who tried to maximize the event to his benefit. In early 1964 Princess Irene flew home in the company of Carlos Hugo where an immediate meeting took place with the couple, the Queen, Prime Minister Marijnen, and three top cabinet ministers. In an attempt to gain public favour for her proposed marriage, Princess Irene publicly stated that her marriage was intended to help end religious intolerance. This caused a division in public opinion, as less than 40% of the country ruled by the Protestant House of Orange was Roman Catholic. Over the ensuing weeks, things deteriorated further when Pope Paul VI granted an Audience requested by the couple in Rome. The Queen at first denied such a meeting had taken place, but it was later verified. Irene alienated herself from most every Dutch citizen when a photo appeared in a Dutch paper showing Irene at a Falange rally in Spain and she declared that she supported her fiancé's Falangist politics. Francisco Franco Francisco Paulino Hermenegildo Teódulo Franco y Bahamonde Salgado Pardo de Andrade (December 4, 1892 – November 20, 1975), abbreviated Francisco Franco Bahamonde and sometimes known as Generalísimo Francisco Franco, was dictator of Spain from 1939 until his death in 1975. ... Pope Paul VI (Latin: ), born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini (September 26, 1897 – August 6, 1978), reigned as Pope and as sovereign of Vatican City from 1963 to 1978. ... An Audience is a formal meeting that takes place between a head of state and another person at the invitation of the head of state. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... Fascism (in Italian, fascismo), capitalized, was the authoritarian political movement which ruled Italy from 1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini. ...

No one from the Dutch Royal family or any Dutch diplomatic representative attended the marriage of Princess Irene and Prince Carlos Hugo at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome, Italy on April 29, 1964. Because she had failed to obtain the approval of the States-General to marry, Irene lost her right of succession to the Dutch throne. She agreed that she would live outside of the Netherlands. The Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore is the largest church dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary and used for Christian liturgy. ... City motto: Senatus Populusque Romanus – SPQR (The Senate and the People of Rome) Founded 21 April 753 BC mythical, 1st millennium BC Region Latium Mayor Walter Veltroni (Democratici di Sinistra) Area  - City Proper  1290 km² Population  - City (2004)  - Metropolitan  - Density (city proper) 2,546,807 almost 4,000,000 1... April 29 is the 119th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (120th in leap years). ... 1964 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

After the marriage, Irene was very active in her husband's right-wing political cause, but over time they drifted away from extremism and became a part of the international jet-set crowd. The prince, head of the Royal House of Bourbon-Parma, became a naturalized Spanish citizen in 1979. The couple had four children, but the marriage ended in divorce in 1981. Irene returned to live in the Netherlands with her children and would become involved in various personal development workshops, trying to "find herself." Her connection with nature, that she says she had felt since childhood, intensified and in 1995 she published her book Dialogue with Nature. The book outlined her philosophy that human beings are alienated from the natural world, but the Dutch media seized upon passages that recounted conversations she said she had with the trees and dolphins. Jet set is a term used to describe an international social group of wealthy people, who organize and participate in social activities all around the world which are unreachable to ordinary people. ... The term Royal House refers to the official designation and name of a royal family instead of surname. ... It has been suggested that France: Wars of Religion - Bourbon Dynasty be merged into this article or section. ... This page refers to the year 1979. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The children of Princess Irene and Prince Carlos Hugo de Bourbon-Parma are:

1. Carlos Javier Bernardo Sixta Maria de Bourbon-Parma, (b. January 27, 1970)
2. Jaime Bernardo de Bourbon-Parma, (b. October 13, 1972) (twin)
3. Margarita Maria Beatriz de Bourbon-Parma, (b. October 13, 1972) (twin)
4. Maria Carolina Christina de Bourbon-Parma, (b. June 23, 1974)

In 1999 Princess Irene purchased a farm near Nieu-Bethesda in South Africa, turning it into a sanctuary. In 2001, she helped establish the NatuurCollege in the Netherlands.