Victoria as Crown Princess of Prussia and Germany

British Royalty House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha Descendants of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert Children    Princess Victoria, Princess Royal    Edward VII    Princess Alice    Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha    Princess Helena    Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll    Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught    Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany    Princess Beatrice Grandchildren    Prince Alfred of Edinburgh    Princess Marie of Edinburgh    Princess Victoria of Edinburgh    Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh    Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh    Prince Arthur of Connaught    Princess Margaret of Connaught    Princess Patricia of Connaught    Carl Eduard, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha    Princess Alice of Albany Great Grandchildren    Prince Alastair of Connaught Edward VII Children    Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence    George V    Princess Louise, Princess Royal    Princess Victoria    Princess Maud Grandchildren    Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife    Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk

Victoria, Empress of Germany and Queen of Prussia (in German: Kaiserin Friedrich, née Her Royal Highness The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal of Great Britain and Ireland) (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise), (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia. She was a daughter of Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha and Queen Victoria and later married into the Prussian Royal House, Hohenzollern. She was the consort of German Emperor Friedrich III, and mother of the Emperor-King Wilhelm II of Germany. She also held the title of Princess Royal. HRH Princess Victoria, Princess Royal File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... HRH Princess Victoria, Princess Royal File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Arms of the Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Saxe-Coburg-Gotha or Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (German: Sachsen-Coburg und Gotha) was once the name given to the two German duchies of Saxe-Coburg and Saxe-Gotha in Germany, in the present states of Bavaria and Thuringia, which were... Royal Standard of the United Kingdom (including Scotland). ... Her Majesty Queen Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria Wettin, née Hanover) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was Queen of the United Kingdom from 20 June 1837, and Empress of India from 1876 until her death. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... in German: Kaiserin Friedrich (en: German Empress Friedrich, née Her Royal Highness The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal) (Victoria Adelaide Mary Louise), (21 November 1840 – 5 August 1901) was German Empress and Queen of Prussia. ... His Majesty King Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth realms, and the Emperor of India. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Alice (Alice Maud Mary), (25 April 1843 – 14 December 1878, was a member of the British Royal Family, the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria. ... His Royal Highness Prince Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha and Duke of Edinburgh (born 6 August 1844 and died 30 July 1900), was the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and her husband, Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Helena, (Helena Augusta Victoria), (25 May 1846 - 9 June 1923), was a member of the British Royal Family, the fifth-born child and the third daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll, (Louise Caroline Alberta), (18 March 1848 - 3 December 1939) was a member of the British Royal Family and Canadian Vice Regal Consort, the sixth child and fourth daughter of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Arthur as a lieutenant in The Prince Consorts Own Rifle Brigade. ... His Royal Highness The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany (Leopold George Duncan Albert) (7 April 1853 - 28 March 1884), was a member of the British Royal Family, a son of Queen Victoria. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Beatrice, (Beatrice Mary Victoria Feodore), (14 April 1857 - 26 October 1944), was a member of the British Royal Family, the fifth daughter and the youngest child of Queen Victoria. ... His Royal Highness Prince Alfred of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was a member of the British Royal Family. ... Marie Alexandra Victoria became crown princess of Romania and then its queen. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Victoria of Edinburgh (Victoria Melita) (25 November 1876 - 2 March 1936) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Alexandra of Edinburgh and Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (September 1, 1878 - April 16, 1942) was a member of the British Royal Family. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Beatrice of Edinburgh (Beatrice Leopoldine Victoria), (20 April 1884 - 13 July 1966), was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. ... His Royal Highness Prince Arthur of Connaught (Arthur Frederick Patrick Albert) (13 January 1883 - 12 September 1938) was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of Queen Victoria. ... Princess Margaret of Connaught, Margaret Victoria Charlotte Augusta Norah Wettin (January 15, 1882 - May 1, 1920), Crown Princess of Sweden, was the daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and his wife, the Princess Luise Marguerite of Prussia, and a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Patricia of Connaught (17 March 1886-12 January 1974) was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. ... Carl Eduard, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, Duke of Albany (Leopold Charles Edward George Albert) (19 July 1884 – 28 March 1954) was the last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha in Germany from 30 July 1900 to 14 November 1918. ... Her Royal Highness Princess Alice of Albany (25 February 1883 - 3 January 1981), was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Alastair of Connaught (Alastair Arthur Windsor), (August 9, 1914-April 26, 1942) was a member of the British Royal Family, a great grandson of Queen Victoria. ... His Majesty King Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth realms, and the Emperor of India. ... His Royal Highness Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale (Albert Victor Christian Edward Wettin) (January 8, 1864 – January 14, 1892) was born in Windsor, England, the eldest son of the Prince of Wales (the future King Edward VII) and Alexandra of Denmark, and was therefore the second in... His Majesty King George V (George Frederick Ernest Albert Windsor, formerly Wettin) (3 June 1865 – 20 January 1936) was the last British monarch of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, changing the name to the House of Windsor in 1917. ... Her Royal Highness The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife (Louise Victoria Alexandra Dagmar Duff, née Wettin) (20 February 1867-4 January 1931), was the third child and the eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Queen Alexandra. ... Princess Victoria of the United Kingdom (6 July 1868-3 December 1935) was the fourth child and second daughter of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and Queen Alexandra. ... Queen Maud (nee HRH Princess Maud of Wales) (Maud Charlotte Mary Victoria) (26 November 1869-20 November 1938) was the Queen consort of King Haakon VII of Norway. ... Her Highness Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife, later Her Royal Highness Princess Arthur of Connaught, formerly Lady Alexandra Duff (Alexandra Victoria Alberta Edwina Louise Windsor, formerly Wettin, née Duff) (17 May 1891-26 February 1959), was a member of the British Royal Family. ... Princess Maud, Countess of Southesk (3 April 1893-14 December 1945) was the younger daughter of Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife and Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife. ... November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... August 5 is the 217th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (218th in leap years), with 148 days remaining. ... 1901 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Emperor is also a Norwegian black metal band; see Emperor (band). ... King George V of the United Kingdom and his consort, Queen Mary A queen consort is the wife and consort of a reigning king. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (German: Preußen or Preussen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad exclave of... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... Aerial view of the castle, Hohenzollern, Germany. ... Friedrich III of Germany. ... Kaiser Wilhelm II Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859–June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ... Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. ...

Early life

Princess Victoria was born on November 21, 1840 at Buckingham Palace, London. Her mother was the reigning British monarch, Queen Victoria, the only daughter of King George III's fourth eldest son, HRH Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent. Her father was HRH Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. November 21 is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Buckingham Palace and the Victoria memorial. ... St Stevens Tower - The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London (see also different names) is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power. ... Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... George III (George William Frederick) (4 June 1738–29 January 1820) was King of Great Britain, and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until 1 January 1801, and thereafter King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. ... His Royal Highness The Prince Edward Augustus, Duke of Kent and Strathearn (2 November 1767 - 23 January 1820) was the fourth son of King George III and the father of Queen Victoria. ... Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Francis Charles Augustus Albert Emmanuel, of the Saxe-Coburg-Gotha branch of the House of Wettin) (26 August 1819 - 14 December 1861) was the husband and consort of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ...

As a daughter of the sovereign, Victoria was a British princess with the style Her Royal Highness. In 1841, the Queen created Victoria the title of Princess Royal, a title sometimes conferred on the eldest daughter of the sovereign. Victoria was then styled HRH The Princess Royal. To her family she was known simply as Vicky. Until the birth of her brother, The Prince Albert Edward on November 9, 1841, Victoria was also the heiress presumptive to the throne. This is a list of British princesses from the accession of King George I in 1714. ... HRH is a clinical abbreviation for High-Risk Heterosexual, often used by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and state and local Health Departments to classify at-risk populations for HIV/AIDS or other STD infections. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Princess Royal is a style customarily (but not automatically) awarded by a British monarch to his or her eldest daughter. ... His Majesty King Edward VII (9 November 1841 – 6 May 1910) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King of the Commonwealth realms, and the Emperor of India. ... November 9 is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 52 days remaining. ... 1841 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... An heir presumptive is one who is first in line to inherit a title or property, such as a monarchy, because there is not yet an heir apparent. ...

The education of Victoria was closely supervised by her parents. She was precocious and intelligent, unlike her brother Albert Edward. She was taught to read and write before the age of five by her governess Lady Lyttelton and to speak French by her French nursery maid. The Princess Royal learned French and German from various governesses and science, literature, Latin, and history by Sara Ann Hildyard. Prince Albert tutored her in politics and philosophy.

Marriage

In 1851, Victoria met her future husband, His Royal Highness Prince Friedrich Wilhelm of Prussia (18 October 1831-15 June 1888), when he and his parents were invited to London by Queen Victoria and Prince Albert to attend the opening of the Great Exhibition. At the time, Friedrich, the son of Prince Wilhelm of Prussia and Princess Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, was third in line to the Prussian throne. The couple were engaged in 1855 when Friedrich, was on a visit to Balmoral. Friedrich III of Germany. ... October 18 is the 291st day of the year (292nd in Leap years). ... 1831 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... June 15 is the 166th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (167th in leap years), with 199 days remaining. ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ... Wilhelm I of Germany Wilhelm I, (March 22, 1797 - March 9, 1888), German Emperor (Kaiser), ruled January 18, 1871-1888 and king of Prussia, ruled 1861-1888. ... Balmoral Castle Balmoral Castle, painted by Queen Victoria in 1854 during its construction Balmoral Castle is a large mansion built by Queen Victoria in the Scottish baronial style on the River Dee in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, current (as of 2004) summer residence of Queen Elizabeth II, who stays there for 12...

The Prussian Court and Buckingham Palace publicly announced the engagement on 19 May 1857. The couple were married, at Queen Victoria's insistence, at the Chapel Royal, St. James's Palace, on 25 January 1858. The marriage was both a love match and a dynastic alliance. The Queen and Prince Albert hoped that Victoria's marriage to the future king of Prussia would cement close ties between London and Berlin, and possibly lead to the emergence of a unified and liberal Germany. May 19 is the 139th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (140th in leap years). ... 1857 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Main entrance of St. ... January 25 is the 25th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ...

Victoria and Friedrich had eight children:

Kaiser Wilhelm II Wilhelm II of Prussia and Germany, Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert von Hohenzollern (January 27, 1859–June 4, 1941) was the last German Emperor (Kaiser) and the last King (König) of Prussia, ruling from 1888 to 1918. ... January 27 is the 27th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1859 is a common year starting on Saturday. ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... 1941 was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... October 22 is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 70 days remaining. ... 1858 is a common year starting on Friday. ... April 11 is the 101st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (102nd in leap years). ... 1921 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 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Events January 23 - The flip of a coin determines whether a new city in Oregon is named after Boston, Massachusetts, or Portland, Maine, with Portland winning. ... January 16 is the 16th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Prince Albert Wilhelm Heinrich of Prussia, known as Prince Heinrich (August 14, 1862 in Berlin – April 20, 1929 in Hemmelmark, Schleswig-Holstein) was a younger brother of Emperor Wilhelm II of Germany. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... April 20 is the 110th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (111th in leap years). ... 1929 was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 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Crown Princess of Prussia

In January 1861, on the death of his childless uncle Frederick William IV of Prussia and the accession of his father as King Wilhelm I, Prince Friedrich became Crown Prince of Prussia. The new Crown Prince and Crown Princess, however, were politically isolated; their liberal and Anglophile views clashed with the authoritarian rule of the Prussian minister-president, Otto von Bismarck. Photograph of Frederick King Frederick William IV of Prussia (October 15, 1795 - January 2, 1861), the eldest son and successor of Frederick William III of Prussia, reigned as King of Prussia from 1840 to 1861. ... Otto Eduard Leopold von Bismarck-Schönhausen, Duke of Lauenburg (April 1, 1815 – July 30, 1898) was one of the most prominent European aristocrats and statesmen of the nineteenth century. ...

During the three Wars of German Unification – the 1864 Prussian-Danish War, the 1866 Austro-Prussian War, and the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War – Victoria and Friedrich strongly identified with the cause of Prussia and the North German Confederation. Their sympathies created a rift among Queen Victoria's extended family, since Victoria's younger brother, the Prince of Wales, was married to Princess Alexandra of Denmark, the elder daughter of Christian IX of Denmark, who was also reigning duke of the disputed territories of Schleswig and Holstein. At Versailles on 18 January 1871, the victorious princes of the North German Confederation proclaimed a German Empire with King Wilhelm I of Prussia as the hereditary German Emperor (Deutscher Kaiser) with the style Imperial and Royal Majesty (Kaiserliche und Königliche Majestät); Fritz and Vicky became Crown Prince and Crown Princess of the German Empire with the style Imperial and Royal Highness (Kaiserliche und Königliche Hoheit). The North German Confederation (German Norddeutscher Bund), a transitional grouping which existed (1867 - 1871) between the dissolution of the German Confederation and the founding of the German Empire, cemented Prussian control over the 22 states of Northern Germany and emanated that same control (via the Zollverein) into southern Germany. ... Princess Alexandra of Denmark (December 1, 1844 – November 20, 1925) was Queen Consort of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom 1901–1910. ... Christian IX of Denmark (April 8, 1818 – January 29, 1906) was King of Denmark from November 15, 1863 to January 29, 1906. ... A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession/control of land by one state after it has conquered it from a former state no longer currently recognized by the occupying power. ... The region of Schleswig (Former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Slesvig, Low Saxon: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 30 km north and 40 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... For other uses of the word, see Holstein Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low Saxon: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe, Eider, and the Schlei firth. ... Versailles, formerly the unofficial capital city of the kingdom of France, is now a wealthy suburb of Paris and is still an important administrative and judicial center. ... January 18 is the 18th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1871 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The term German Empire (Deutsches Reich) commonly refers to Germany, from its consolidation as a unified nation-state on January 18, 1871, until the abdication of Kaiser (Emperor) Wilhelm II on November 9, 1918. ...

Empress Friedrich

On the death of his father on 9 March 1888, the Crown Prince ascended the throne as the Emperor Friedrich III and Victoria adopted the title and style of the Empress Friedrich. Friedrich III, however, was terminally ill with throat cancer and died after reigning 99 days. March 9 is the 68th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (69th in Leap years). ... 1888 is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

The widowed Victoria lived in retirement at Friedrichshof, a country house she built near Kronberg. Politically, she remained a liberal and because of this, her already strained relationship with Emperor Wilhelm II deteriorated. In Berlin, Victoria established schools for the higher education of girls and for nurses' training. She patronized the arts and learning, becoming one of the organizers of the 1872 Industrial Art Exhibition.

Throughout her married life and widowhood, Victoria kept in close touch with other members of the British Royal Family, particularly her eldest brother, the future Edward VII. She maintained a regular correspondence with her mother. According to the Royal Encyclopaedia, some 3,777 letters from Queen Victoria to her eldest daughter have been catalogued, as well as more than 4,000 from daughter to mother. Members of the Royal Family on the balcony of Buckingham Palace after the Trooping the Colour ceremony The British Royal Family is a group of people closely related to the British monarch. ...

Victoria died of cancer of the spine at Friedrichshof in August 1901, eight months after the death of her mother Queen Victoria. She was interred next to her husband at the royal mausoleum of Friedenskirche at Potsdam on 13 August. Victoria Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Empress of India Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819–22 January 1901) was a Queen of the United Kingdom, reigning from 20 June 1837 until her death. ... (This article is about the German city of Potsdam. ...

Titles from birth to death

• Her Royal Highness The Princess Victoria
• Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal
• Her Royal Highness Princess Friedrich of Prussia
• Her Royal Highness Crown Princess Friedrich of Prussia
• Her Imperial and Royal Highness Crown Princess Friedrich of The German Empire and Prussia
• Her Imperial Majesty The German Empress
• Her Imperial Majesty German Empress Friedrich