This article lists the principal mountain passes and tunnels in the Alps, and gives a history of transport across the Alps. In a range of hills, or especially of mountains, a pass (also gap, notch, col, saddle, bwlch or bealach) is a lower point that allows easier access through the range. ... A disused railway tunnel now converted to pedestrian and bicycle use, near Houyet, Belgium A tunnel is an underground passage. ... The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ...

Road passes

Main chain

From west to east:

Savona is a seaport and comune of the province of Savona in the northern Italian region of Liguria, 44°18´N 8°29´E, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea, at sea-level. ... Ceva is a town in Italy in the province of Cuneo, region of Piedmont. ... Finale Ligure with the Rock of Capprazoppa in background Finale Ligure is a costal town on the Ligurian Sea in Italy. ... Ceva is a town in Italy in the province of Cuneo, region of Piedmont. ... Albenga is a city on the Italian Riviera in the province of Province_of_Savona in Liguria, Italy. ... Imperia may be: Imperia is an italian city Province of Imperia, the italian province of the above city of Imperia Imperia (statue), a statue in Constance, Germany Imperia constructor, a Belgian car constructor This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... The Col de Tende (Italian: Colle di Tenda) is a mountain pass in the Alps, on the border of France and Italy. ... This article is about the town in Italy. ... Maddalena Pass (Italian: Colle della Maddalena French: Col de Larche) is a mountain pass between the Cottian Alps and the Maritime Alps, located between Italy and France. ... Barcelonnette is a small town and commune in the Southern French Alps, in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence département, of which it is a sous-préfecture. ... This article is about the town in Italy. ... Col Agnel or Italian: Colle dellAgnello is a mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, west of Monte Viso between France and Italy. ... Hautes-Alpes is a département in southeastern France named after the Alps mountain range. ... The Col de Montgenèvre (Italian: Passo del Monginevro) is a mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, between France and Italy. ... Briançon is a town and commune in the French départment of Hautes-Alpes (Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur), of which it is the sous-préfecture. ... Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. ... Mount Cenis (French: Mont Cenis) is a massif and pass (6893 feet) in Savoy (France) which forms the limit between the Cottian and Graian Alps. ... Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. ... The Little St Bernard Pass is a mountain pass in the Alps. ... Bourg-Saint-Maurice is a commune of the Savoie département, in France. ... Courmayeur is an Italian ski town at the foot of Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Europe. ... Hospice at the Great St Bernard, with ancient road in foreground. ... There are a number of communes that have the name Martigny In France Martigny, in the Aisne département Martigny, in the Manche département Martigny, in the Seine-Maritime département Related Martigny-Courpierre, in the Aisne département Martigny-le-Comte, in the Saône-et-Loire département Martigny-les-Bains, in the... Aosta Aosta (French: Aoste) is the principal city of the Valle dAosta in the Italian Alps, north of Turin. ... Simplon Pass is a mountain pass at 6,589 ft (2,008 m) in the Lepontine Alps between Switzerland and Italy in Valais and Piedmont. ... In sailing, a brig is a vessel with two masts at least one of which is square rigged. ... Domodossola is a city in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, Italy, earlier known as Oscela, Oscella, Oscella dei Leponzi, Ossolo, Ossola Lepontiorum, and Domo dOssola (because its in the Ossola valley). ... Nufenen Pass (Italian: Passo della Novena) is a pass (2478 m) in the Swiss Alps. ... In sailing, a brig is a vessel with two masts at least one of which is square rigged. ... Categories: Switzerland geography stubs ... The modern concrete span of the Devils bridge (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenen Gorge replaces the older bridge below St. ... Andermatt is a central Swiss village in Uri, 18 miles south of Altorf. ... Categories: Switzerland geography stubs ... Lukmanier Pass (Italian: Passo del Lucomagno, Romansh: Cuolm Lucmagn) is a pass (1916 m) in the Swiss Alps. ... Disentis (German)) or Mustér (Romansh), with its official name Disentis/Mustér is a community of the district Surselva in the Northwest of Canton Grisons in Switzerland. ... The San Bernardino Pass is a mountain pass (2063 m) in the Swiss Alps connecting the Hinterrhein and the Mesolcina (Misox) valleys between Thusis (Grisons) and Bellinzona (Ticino). ... Splügen can refer to Splügen, GR, a town in Switzerland Splügen Pass, an Alpine pass between Switzerland and Italy Category: ... Location within Switzerland Bellinzona is the capital city of canton Ticino in Switzerland. ... The Swiss north side of the Splügen shortly before the summit The Splügen Pass (Italian Passo dello Spluga) connects on a height of 2113 m the Swiss Hinterrhein valley in Kanton Graubünden with Chiavenna in the Italian province of Sondrio and the Lake Como. ... Splügen can refer to Splügen, GR, a town in Switzerland Splügen Pass, an Alpine pass between Switzerland and Italy Category: ... Chiavenna can refer to: Places Chiavenna (Sondrio), a commune of the Province of Sondrio, at one end of the Splügen Pass. ... Maloja Pass road The Maloja Pass (Italian: Passo del Maloja, German: Malojapass) is a pass (1815 m) in the Grisons, Switzerland, linking the Engadine with the Val Bregaglia and Chiavenna in Italy, at 46°24. ... St. ... Chiavenna can refer to: Places Chiavenna (Sondrio), a commune of the Province of Sondrio, at one end of the Splügen Pass. ... The Bernina Pass is a mountain pass in the Bernina Range of the Alps, in Graubünden, Switzerland. ... An Alpine village located high in the in the Engadin region of Switzerland. ... The Fuorn Pass or Ofen Pass (Romansh: Pass dal Fuorn, German: Ofenpass) is a pass (2149 m) in the Grisons, Switzerland. ... Zernez is a Swiss municipality in the upper areas of the lower Engadin valley (Romansh: Engiadina Bassa) in the canton of Graubünden (Grischun) and includes the villages Zernez and Brail. ... Benedictine convent of St John at Müstair The Val Müstair (German: Münstertal) is a mountain valley in the Swiss Alps. ... The campanile of Curon Venosta The Resia Pass (German: Reschenpaß, German: Passo Resia) is an Alpine pass (1504 m)located at the Italian-Austrian border to the east of Brennero near the border with Switzerland. ... Meran (German) / Merano (Italian) is probably best known as a spa in Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy. ... The Timmelsjoch (Italian: Passo del Rombo) is a mountain pass that creates a link through the ÅŒtztaler Alps along the current border between the nations of Austria and Italy. ... Meran (German) / Merano (Italian) is probably best known as a spa in Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy. ... The Brenner Pass (Italian Passo del Brennero) is a mountain pass that creates a link through the Tyrolean Alps along the current border between the nations of Austria and Italy, one of the principal passes of the Alps. ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ... Brixen am Eisack (German) or Bressanone (Italian) is a town in the autonomous province of South Tyrol (part of the autonomous region Trentino-South Tyrol) in northern Italy. ... Großglockner is, at 3798 m above sea level, Austrias highest mountain and the highest mountain in the Alps east of the Brenner Pass. ... Zell am See is a spa town in the federal state of Salzburg, Austria. ... Lienz is a medieval city in Tyrol, Austria. ... Mauterndorf is a town in Austria, with a population of 1,850 (census of 2001). ... Leoben is a city in Styria, in central Austria, located on the Mur river. ... Eisenerz (Iron ore) is a market place and old mining town in Styria, Austria, 68 mi. ... Leoben is a city in Styria, in central Austria, located on the Mur river. ... The Styrian Seeberg (also the Aflenzer Seeberg) is a 1,253 m high mountain pass in Styria, east of the Hochschwab Mountains. ... Mariazell is a village of Austria, in Styria, well known for winter sports, 143 km N. of Graz. ... Bruck an der Mur is a city in the Austrian province of Styria. ... The Semmering is a mountain pass in the Eastern Northern Limestone Alps connecting Lower Austria and Styria between which it forms a natural border. ... Gloggnitz - a Mountain Town // Facts Altitude: 442 m Area: 0,4 km² Inhabitants: 5596 Municipal area: 19,554 km² Houses: 1713 Gloggnitz is situated in the south-western part of the Vienna Basin in Lower Austria. ... Mürzzuschlag is a town in Styria, Austria, with a population of 9,569 (2001). ...

Other passes

Detailed lists of passes are given by Alpine subdivision, see the following articles:

• Western Alps
  • Ligurian Alps
  • Maritime Alps
  • Cottian Alps
  • Dauphiné Alps
  • Graian Alps
  • Pennine Alps
  • Bernese Alps
  • Lepontine Alps
  • Tödi Range
  • North-Eastern Swiss Alps
• Eastern Alps
  • Northern Limestone Alps
    • The Alps of Bavaria, the Vorarlberg, and Salzburg
  • Central Eastern Alps
    • Bergamo Alps
    • Rhaetian Alps, including Bernina Range, Livigno Range, Sesvenna Range, Albula Range, Silvretta and Rätikon
    • Verwall Alps and Samnaun Alps
    • Tyrolean Alps, including Ötztal Alps, Stubai Alps, Kitzbühel Alps, Hohe Tauern and Zillertal Alps
    • Niedere Tauern
  • Southern Limestone Alps
    • Adamello-Presanella and Brenta Group
    • Ortler Alps
    • Dolomites
    • Carnic Alps
    • Julian Alps
    • Karavanke
    • Kamnik Alps

The Ligurian Alps are a mountain range in Italy. ... Maritime Alps The chief peaks of the Maritime Alps, from the Col de Tenda to the Col de lArgentiere, are: The chief passes of the Maritime Alps, from the Col de Tenda to the Col de lArgentiere, are: This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 Encyclop... The chief peaks of the Cottian Alps, from the Col de lArgentiere to the Mont Cenis and westwards to the Col du Galibier, are: The chief passes of the Cottian Alps, from the Col de lArgentiere to the Mont Cenis and westwards to the Col du Galibier, are... The Dauphiné Alps (French Alpes du Dauphiné) are a group of mountain ranges in southeastern France, west of the main chain of the Alps. ... The chief peaks of the Graian Alps, from the Mont Cenis to the Little St Bernard Pass, are usually divided into three groups, the Central (the watershed between the two passes named), the Western or French, and the Eastern or Italian; in the following lists the initials C, W, and... The Pennine Alps are a mountain range in the western part of the Alps. ... The Bernese Alps (German: Berner Alpen) is a group of mountain ranges in the western part of the Alps, in Switzerland. ... The Lepontine Alps are a mountain range in the central part of the Alps. ... The chief peaks of the Tödi Range of the Swiss Alps, from the Oberalp Pass to the Klausen Pass, are: Passes The chief passes of the Tödi Range, from the Oberalp Pass to the Klausen Pass, are: Note: road status as of 1911 This article incorporates text from... The Swiss Alps are the central portion of the Alps mountain range that lies within Switzerland. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Bergamo Alps (also: Bergamasque Alps; Italian: Alpi Orobie) are a mountain range in the Italian Alps. ... The Bernina Range is a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy. ... The Livigno Range is a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy, around the Italian village Livigno. ... The Sesvenna Range is a mountain range in the Alps of eastern Switzerland and northern Italy. ... The chief peaks of the Albula Range of the Alps, from the Splugen Pass to the Fluela Pass, north and west of the Val Bregaglia and of the Engadine, are: List of passes The chief passes of the Albula Range, from the Splugen Pass to the Fluela Pass, north and... The chief passes of the Silvretta and Rhatikon Ranges, from the Fuela Pass to the Reschen Scheideck and the Arlberg Pass, are: Note: road status as of 1911 References This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. ... The chief passes of the Silvretta and Rhatikon Ranges, from the Fuela Pass to the Reschen Scheideck and the Arlberg Pass, are: Note: road status as of 1911 References This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. ... The Ötztal Alps (Ger. ... Categories: Stub | Alps | Mountain ranges of Austria ... This article needs cleanup. ... The High Tauern (German Hohe Tauern) is the highest range of the Alps in Austria. ... The Zillertal Alps (German: Zillertaler Alpen) are a mountain range of the Alps on the border of Austria and Italy. ... The Niedere Tauern (from the German for low Tauern; compare Hohe Tauern) are a mountain range in central Austria, part of the Central Eastern Alps. ... The Southern Limestone Alps are the ranges of the Eastern Alps south of the Central Eastern Alps. ... The Adamello-Presanella Group is a mountain range in the Italian Alps. ... The Brenta Group is a mountain range in the Italian Alps. ... The Ortler Alps (Italian Ortles) are a mountain range in the central Alps of Italy. ... 360° panoramic view from Marmolada, highest peak in the Dolomites. ... The Carnic Alps are a range of the Southern Limestone Alps at the borders of East Tyrol, Carinthia and Friuli. ... Edelweiss, Julian Alps, Slovenia The Julian Alps is part of the Alps that stretch from north-eastern Italy to Slovenia, where they rise to 2864 metres at Triglav. ... Karavanke (German: Karawanken) is a mountain range on the border between Slovenia and Austria. ... The Kamnik Alps (Slovene Kamniške alpe, German Steiner Alpen or Sulzbacher Alpen) are a mountain range, part of the Southern Limestone Alps in north Slovenia and at the border of Austria. ...

Road tunnels

Main chain, from west to east:

This article is about the town in Italy. ... The Fréjus Tunnel is a road tunnel between Lyon, France and Turin, Italy mainly constructerd by the Italian engineer Germain Sommeiller. ... Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. ... Sculpture in France at the tunnels northwestern exit. ... Panorama of Chamonix valley Aiguille du Midi and Mont Blanc seen from Le Brévent, a paraglider is in the foreground Chamonix Valley seen from the south Chamonix-Mont-Blanc, or more commonly, Chamonix is a town and commune in eastern France, in the Haute-Savoie département, at the... Courmayeur is an Italian ski town at the foot of Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Europe. ... There are a number of communes that have the name Martigny In France Martigny, in the Aisne département Martigny, in the Manche département Martigny, in the Seine-Maritime département Related Martigny-Courpierre, in the Aisne département Martigny-le-Comte, in the Saône-et-Loire département Martigny-les-Bains, in the... Aosta Aosta (French: Aoste) is the principal city of the Valle dAosta in the Italian Alps, north of Turin. ... The St. ... Göschenen is a small Swiss town on the northern end of the St. ... Categories: Switzerland geography stubs ... The San Bernardino road tunnel is a road tunnel on the A13 motorway/motorroad in Switzerland. ... Splügen can refer to Splügen, GR, a town in Switzerland Splügen Pass, an Alpine pass between Switzerland and Italy Category: ... Location within Switzerland Bellinzona is the capital city of canton Ticino in Switzerland. ... Mittersill is a market town in the federal state of Salzburg, Austria, in the Pinzgau region. ... Lienz is a medieval city in Tyrol, Austria. ...

Railroad passes and tunnels

Main chain, from west to east:

Savona is a seaport and comune of the province of Savona in the northern Italian region of Liguria, 44°18´N 8°29´E, in the Riviera di Ponente on the Mediterranean Sea, at sea-level. ... Ceva is a town in Italy in the province of Cuneo, region of Piedmont. ... This article is about the town in Italy. ... The Fréjus Rail Tunnel (also called Mont Cenis Tunnel) is a railroad tunnel of 13. ... Susa is a city in Piedmont, Italy. ... In sailing, a brig is a vessel with two masts at least one of which is square rigged. ... Domodossola is a city in the Province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the region of Piedmont, Italy, earlier known as Oscela, Oscella, Oscella dei Leponzi, Ossolo, Ossola Lepontiorum, and Domo dOssola (because its in the Ossola valley). ... The first Gotthard Tunnel, a 15 km long railway tunnel, connects Göschenen and Airolo. ... Göschenen is a small Swiss town on the northern end of the St. ... Categories: Switzerland geography stubs ... The Bernina Pass is a mountain pass in the Bernina Range of the Alps, in Graubünden, Switzerland. ... An Alpine village located high in the in the Engadin region of Switzerland. ... The Brenner Pass (Italian Passo del Brennero) is a mountain pass that creates a link through the Tyrolean Alps along the current border between the nations of Austria and Italy, one of the principal passes of the Alps. ... Innsbruck is a city in western Austria, and the capital of the federal state of Tyrol. ... Brixen am Eisack (German) or Bressanone (Italian) is a town in the autonomous province of South Tyrol (part of the autonomous region Trentino-South Tyrol) in northern Italy. ... Bad Gastein Bad Gastein is a city in Austria, situated in the middle of the National Park Hohe Tauern, at 1,000 metres above sea level, in fresh mountain air. ... Leoben is a city in Styria, in central Austria, located on the Mur river. ... Eisenerz (Iron ore) is a market place and old mining town in Styria, Austria, 68 mi. ... Leoben is a city in Styria, in central Austria, located on the Mur river. ... The Semmering is a mountain pass in the Eastern Northern Limestone Alps connecting Lower Austria and Styria between which it forms a natural border. ... Gloggnitz - a Mountain Town // Facts Altitude: 442 m Area: 0,4 km² Inhabitants: 5596 Municipal area: 19,554 km² Houses: 1713 Gloggnitz is situated in the south-western part of the Vienna Basin in Lower Austria. ... Mürzzuschlag is a town in Styria, Austria, with a population of 9,569 (2001). ...

History

This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Encyclopædia Britannica, the 11th edition The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911) is perhaps the most famous edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...

Though the Alps form a barrier they have never been an impassable barrier. From earliest days onwards, they have been traversed first, perhaps, for purposes of war or commerce, & later by pilgrims, students and tourists. Places where they were crossed are called passes (this word is sometimes, though rarely, applied to gorges only), and are points at which the alpine chain sinks to form depressions, up to which deep-cut valleys lead from the plains & hilly pre-mountainous zones. Hence the oldest names for such passes are Mont (still retained in cases of Mont Cenis and Monte Moro), for it was many ages before this term was especially applied to peaks of the Alps, which with a few very rare exceptions (e.g. the Monte Viso was known to the Romans as Vesulus) were for long just disregarded. The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... The United States detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945, effectively ending World War II. The bombings of Nagasaki and Hiroshima (on August 6) immediately killed between 100,000 and 200,000 people and are the only instances nuclear weapons have ever been used in war. ... Commerce is the trading of something of value between two entities. ... For albums named Pilgrim, see Pilgrim (album). ... Students attending a lecture at the Helsinki University of Technology The word student is etymologically derived through Middle English from the Latin second-type conjugation verb stŭdērĕ, meaning to direct ones zeal at; hence a student is one who directs zeal at a subject. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ... Mount Cenis (French: Mont Cenis) is a massif and pass (6893 feet) in Savoy (France) which forms the limit between the Cottian and Graian Alps. ... M. Croz, William Mathews and Frederic Jacomb Monte Viso (also called Monviso) is a mountain in the Cottian Alps in Italy close to the French border. ...

Native inhabitants of the Alps were naturally first to use the passes. But to the outer world the passes first became known when the Romans crossed them to raid or conquer the region beyond. In the one case we have no direct knowledge (though Romans probably selected passes pointed out to them by the natives as easiest), while in the other we hear almost exclusively of passes across the main chain or the principal passes of the Alps. For obvious reasons, Romans, once having found an "easy" way across the chain, did not trouble to seek for harder and more devious routes. Hence, passes that can be shown as certainly known to them are relatively few in number: they are, in topographical order from west to east, the Col de l'Argentiere, the Col de Montgenèvre, the two St Bernard passes (Great St. Bernard Pass and Little St Bernard Pass), the Splügen Pass, the Septimer Pass, the Brenner Pass, the Radstädter Tauern pass, the Solkscharte pass, the Plocken pass and the Pontebba pass (or Saifnitz pass). For other senses of this name, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Maddalena Pass (Italian: Colle della Maddalena French: Col de Larche) is a mountain pass between the Cottian Alps and the Maritime Alps, located between Italy and France. ... The Col de Montgenèvre (Italian: Passo del Monginevro) is a mountain pass in the Cottian Alps, between France and Italy. ... Hospice at the Great St Bernard, with ancient road in foreground. ... The Little St Bernard Pass is a mountain pass in the Alps. ... The Swiss north side of the Splügen shortly before the summit The Splügen Pass (Italian Passo dello Spluga) connects on a height of 2113 m the Swiss Hinterrhein valley in Kanton Graubünden with Chiavenna in the Italian province of Sondrio and the Lake Como. ... Septimer Pass (German: Septimerpass, Romansh: Pass da Sett) is a pass (2310 m) in the canton of Grisons in the Swiss Alps between the Val Bregaglia (Bergell) and Oberhalbstein (Surses). ... The Brenner Pass (Italian Passo del Brennero) is a mountain pass that creates a link through the Tyrolean Alps along the current border between the nations of Austria and Italy, one of the principal passes of the Alps. ...

Of these the Mont Genevre and the Brenner were the most frequented, while it will be noticed that in the Central Alps only two passes (the Splügen and the Septimer) were certainly known to the Romans. In fact the central portion of the Alps was by far the least Romanised and least known till the early middle ages. Thus the Simplon is first certainly mentioned in 1235, the St Gotthard (without name) in 1236, the Lukmanier in 965, the San Bernardino in 941; of course they may have been known before, but authentic history is silent as regards them till the dates specified. Even the Mont Cenis (from the 15th to the 19th century the favourite pass for travellers going from France to Italy) is first heard of in 756 only. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... Simplon Pass is a mountain pass at 6,589 ft (2,008 m) in the Lepontine Alps between Switzerland and Italy in Valais and Piedmont. ... The modern concrete span of the Devils bridge (Teufelsbrücke) across the Schöllenen Gorge replaces the older bridge below St. ...

In the 13th century many hitherto unknown passes came into prominence, even some of the easy glacier passes. It should always be borne in mind that in the Western and Central Alps there is but one ridge to cross, to which access is gained by a deep-cut valley, though often it would be shorter to cross a second pass in order to gain the plains, e.g. the Mont Genevre, that is most directly reached by the Col du Lautaret; and the Simplon, which is best gained by one of the lower passes over the western portion of the Bernese Oberland chain. On the other hand, in the Eastern Alps, it is generally necessary to cross three distinct ridges between the northern and southern plains, the Central ridge being the highest and most difficult. Thus the passes which crossed a single ridge, and did not involve too great a detour through a long valley of approach, became the most important and the most popular, e.g. the Mont Cenis, the Great St Bernard, the St Gotthard, the Septimer and the Brenner.

As time went on the travellers (with whatever object) who used the great alpine passes could not put up any longer with the bad old mule paths. A few passes (e.g. the Semmering, the Brenner, the Col de Tende and the Arlberg) can boast of carriage roads constructed before 1800, while those over the Umbrail and the Great St Bernard were not completed till the early years of the 20th century. Most of the carriage roads across the great alpine passes were thus constructed in the 19th century (particularly its first half), largely owing to the impetus given by Napoleon. As late as 1905, the highest pass over the main chain that had a carriage road was the Great St Bernard (8111 feet), but three still higher passes over side ridges have roads -- the Stelvio (9055 feet), the Col du Galibier (8721 feet), in the Dauphiné Alps, and the Umbrail Pass (8242 feet). The Semmering is a mountain pass in the Eastern Northern Limestone Alps connecting Lower Austria and Styria between which it forms a natural border. ... The Col de Tende (Italian: Colle di Tenda) is a mountain pass in the Alps, on the border of France and Italy. ... Translated from the German-language entry de:Arlberg. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... The Col du Galibier is a mountain pass in the southern region of the French Alps. ... The Dauphiné Alps (French Alpes du Dauphiné) are a group of mountain ranges in southeastern France, west of the main chain of the Alps. ... Umbrail Pass is a pass (2501 m) on the Swiss-Italian border connecting Santa Maria in Val Müstair with Bormio in the Adda valley. ...

Still more recently the main alpine chain has been subjected to the further indignity of having railway lines carried over it or through it -- the Brenner and the Pontebba lines being cases of the former, and the Col de Tenda, the Mont Cenis (though the tunnel is really 17 miles to the west), the Simplon and the St Gotthard, not to speak of the side passes of the Arlberg, Albula Pass and Pyhrn of the latter. There are also schemes (more or less advanced) for piercing the Splügen and the Hohe Tauern, both on the main ridge, and the Lotschen Pass, on one of the external ranges. The numerous mountain railways, chiefly in Switzerland, up various peaks (e.g. the Rigi and Pilatus) and over various side passes (e.g. the Brunig and the Little Scheidegg) do not concern us here. Albula pass road The Albula Pass (Romansh: Pass dAlvra, German: Albulapass) is a Swiss mountain pass in the canton of Grisons, 2312 m (7595 ft) high. ...

See also

• Alps
• List of mountain passes in Switzerland