This article is about the historic territory. See also Catalonia (for the present-day autonomous community) and Northern Catalonia.

Catalonia IPA: [ˈkætəˌloʊ̯nɪə], or the Principality of Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya IPA: [kətəˈluɲə] or IPA: [kataˈluɲa] or Principat de Catalunya ; Spanish: Cataluña or Principado de Cataluña; Aranese: Catalonha or Principautat de Catalonha ; French: Catalogne or Principauté de Catalogne), is a historic country in southern Europe, embracing a territory now situated in the north-east of Spain and an adjoining portion of southern France. Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ... Catalan grammar is the grammar of the Catalan language. ... // Diachronical Phonological Features in Relation to Latin Several characteristic features of Catalan as a Romance language: Like Occitan, loss of Latin final unstressed vowels, except -a; and then after some of the resulting consonantic groups a support vowel appears, e. ... The Institut dEstudis Catalans (IEC) is an academic institution. ... The Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua (Valencian Academy of Language) is an institution created on September 16, 1998, which depends on the Presidency of the Generalitat Valenciana. ... For other perspectives on the History of Catalonia, see also: History of Europe; History of Spain; History of France; Kings of Aragon; Catalonia (historic territory). ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History... King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. ... // Origin: The Corts of Barcelona The Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Corts of Barcelona (corts being the Catalan for courts). ... Anthem: Els Segadors Capital Barcelona Official language(s) Catalan, Spanish and Aranese Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 6th  32,114 km²  6. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Castilian and Valencian Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Capital Palma Official language(s) Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... ... Language distribution in Aragon Map of Catalan Countries with current political borders La Franja de Ponent or La Francha de Lebán (Catalan for Western Strip and Aragonese for Eastern Strip respectively), or simply La Franja, refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which... Alghero (LAlguer in Catalan and SAlighera in Sardinian), is a town of about 35,000 inhabitants (down from 54,300 inhabitants since early 20th century) in Italy. ... Carxe is a city in Spain. ... The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ... Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Spanish (Castilian) Area  – total  – % of Spain Ranked 8th  23 255 km²  4,6% Population  – Total (2003)  – % of Spain  – Density Ranked 4th  4 326 708  10,3%  186,05/km² Demonym  – English  – Valencian  – Spanish  Valencian  valenci... National motto: Virtus Unita Fortior (Latin: Virtue united is stronger) Official language: Catalan Capital:  - Population:  - Coordinates: Andorra la Vella 22,035 (1990 est. ... The General Council of the Valleys (in Catalan, Consell General de les Valls) is the unicameral parliament of Andorra. ... This is the main article about the politic activity in Catalonia. ... Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates the political autonomy of Catalonia or the Catalan Countries and in some cases, independence from Spain and France. ... Castells are human towers that are traditionally built during festivals in many places in Catalonia, Spain. ... Correfocs in Barcelona Catalonias festivals and traditions unify Catalan society and help to give it its particular character. ... Falleres in their dresses Traditional Saragüells costume for the men. ... The sardana (Catalan plural sardanes) is a type of circle dance typical of Catalonia. ... Parade of a Christian filà of Moros i Cristians festival in Alcoi (Alacant). ... A traditional Catalan caganer from the front. ... The Tió de Nadal (roughly Christmas log), also known as Tió (log), or Tronca (trunk), is a mythological character in Catalan mythology relating to a Christmas tradition widespread in Catalonia. ... Catalan myths and legends are the traditional myths and legends of the Catalan-speaking world, especially Catalonia itself, passed down for generations as part of that regions popular culture. ... Catalan-language writers Gabriel Alomar Vicent Andrés Estellés Pere Calders Salvador Espriu i Castelló Joan Fuster Manuel de Pedrolo i Molina J.V. Foix Maria de la Pau Janer Joan Maragall i Gorina Miquel Martí i Pol Jesús Moncada Jesús Montcada i Estruga Quim Monzó Teresa... Antoni Gaudí i Cornet, in Spanish also known as Antonio Gaudí (25 June 1852 – 10 June 1926), was a Spanish Catalan architect of the Modernisme (Art Nouveau) movement famous for his unique style and highly individualistic designs. ... Modernisme in Catalan, (not to be confused with modernism) is the Catalan variant of Art Nouveau. ... The Renaixença was a late 19th century romantic revivalist movement in Catalan language and culture. ... Noucentisme (noucentista being its adjective) is a Catalan cultural movement of the early 20th century that originated largely as a reaction against Modernisme, both in art and ideology, and was, simultaneously, a perception of art almost opposite to that of avantgardists. ... Salvador Felipe Jacinto Dalí Domènech, Marquis of Pubol or Salvador Felip Jacint Dalí Domènech (May 11, 1904 – January 23, 1989), known popularly as Salvador Dalí, was a Spanish artist and one of the most important painters of the 20th century. ... Joan Miró photo taken by Carl Van Vechten, June, 1935 Joan Miró i Ferrà (April 20, 1893 – December 25, 1983) was a Catalan-Spanish painter, sculptor and ceramist born in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. ... Anthem: Els Segadors Capital Barcelona Official language(s) Catalan, Spanish and Aranese Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 6th  32,114 km²  6. ... ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words see here. ... Aranese (Aranès or Aranais) is a dialect of Gascon (which is part of the Occitan language group of the Romance languages), spoken in Spain, where it is an official language. ... This article describes country as a type of geographical or political entity. ... World map showing Europe A satellite composite image of Europe Europe is one of the six inhabited continents of the Earth. ...

The historic territory of Catalonia corresponds to the present-day Autonomous Community of Catalonia (also named Southern or Spanish Catalonia with respect to French or Northern one), plus other territories including Northern Catalonia (Catalan: Catalunya Nord), part of France since the 1659 Treaty of the Pyrenees, and the small Franja de Ponent or Western Strip, which is also disputedly considered part of the historic territory of Aragon because of several Aragon-Catalonia border changes throughout history. Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... ... Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ... The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. ... The Franja de Ponent (Catalan for Western Strip) refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which are historically and linguistically Catalan, in contrast to the Castillian- (and historically Aragonese-) speaking areas of western Aragon. ... Capital Zaragoza Official language(s) Spanish; Aragonese and Catalan also used Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 4th  47,719 km²  9. ... Border stone at Passo San Giacomo between Val Formazza in Italy and Val Bedretto in Switzerland Borders define geographic boundaries of political entities or legal jurisdictions, such as governments, states or subnational administrative divisions. ...

The term Catalonia is usually now used to mean the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, a Spanish autonomous community with a great degree of practical autonomy but limited official sovereignty. Anthem: Els Segadors Capital Barcelona Official language(s) Catalan, Spanish and Aranese Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 6th  32,114 km²  6. ... Sovereignty is the exclusive right to exercise supreme political (e. ...

Catalan nationalists view Catalonia as a stateless nation. In September 2005, the Catalan Parliament approved (with the support of 120 deputies to 15) the definition of Catalonia as a nation in the text of the new Catalan Statute (autonomous basic law). Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates the political autonomy of Catalonia or the Catalan Countries and in some cases, independence from Spain and France. ... One of the most influential doctrines in history is that all humans are divided into groups called nations. ... This is the main article about the Catalan Parliament and its activity. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Politics of Catalonia. ...

History of Catalonia

Main article: History of Catalonia For other perspectives on the History of Catalonia, see also: History of Europe; History of Spain; History of France; Kings of Aragon; Catalonia (historic territory). ...

Map of the historic territory of Catalonia; the color shading shows the division between France and Spain that has obtained since 1659

Image File history File links Catalonia2. ... Image File history File links Catalonia2. ...

Development of Catalonia as part of the Crown of Aragon into a Mediterranean Power

The territory that is now Catalonia was colonized by Ancient Greeks and Carthaginians. Like the rest of the Iberian Peninsula, it participated in the pre-Roman Iberian culture and was part of the Roman Empire, followed by Visigothic rule. In the eighth century it was part of Moorish (Muslim-ruled) al-Andalus, but the northern part of it was conquered within a century by the expanding Carolingian Empire. King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... The Ancient Greek world, circa 550 BC Ancient Greece does not exsist Ancient Greece is also the term used to describe the Greek-speaking world in ancient times. ... Ruins of Roman-era Carthage For other uses, see Carthage (disambiguation). ... The Iberian Peninsula, or Iberia, is located in the extreme southwest of Europe. ... Iberia can mean: The Iberian peninsula of southwest Europe; That part of it inhabited by the Iberians, speaking the Iberian language. ... The Roman Empire is the name given to both the imperial domain developed by the city-state of Rome and also the corresponding phase of that civilization, characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Invasion of the Goths: a late 19th century painting by O. Fritsche, is a highly romanticized portrait of the Goths as cavalrymen. ... (7th century — 8th century — 9th century — other centuries) Events The Iberian peninsula is taken by Arab and Berber Muslims, thus ending the Visigothic rule, and starting almost 8 centuries of Muslim presence there. ... Moorish Ambassador to Queen Isabella I of Castile The Moors were the medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus (the Iberian Peninsula including present day Spain and Portugal) and the Maghreb and western Africa, whose culture is often called Moorish. ... A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Turkish: Müslüman, Persian and Urdu: مسلمان, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of Islam. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Also see: France in the Middle Ages. ...

Identifiably Catalan culture begins in the Middle Ages under the rule of the Counts of Barcelona. As part of the Crown of Aragon, Catalonia became a great maritime power, expanding by trade and conquest into Valencia, the Balearic Islands, and even Sardinia, Sicily and as far as Greece. The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times, beginning with the Renaissance. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History... King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... Capital Valencia Official languages Valencian (Catalan) and Castilian (Spanish) Area  â€“ total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Capital Palma Official language(s) Catalan and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Sardinia (Sardegna in Italian, Sardigna or Sardinna in the Sardinian language), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Sicily (Sicilia in Italian, Sicilian and Spanish, Σικελία in Greek) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,700 km² and 5 million inhabitants. ...

Catalan constitutions (1283)

1413 compilation

Signs of this power are the Catalan constitutions and the Parliament of Catalunya. The first Catalan constitutions are of the ones from the Corts of Barcelona from 1283. The last ones were promulgated by the court of 1702. The compilations of the constitutions and other rights of Catalonia followed the Roman tradition of the Codex. The Parliament of Catalonia, dating from the 11th century, may have been the first parliament in continental Europe, though it is predated by the parliaments of the Isle of Man and Iceland. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1434x2314, 6502 KB) Usatges (Uses) of Catalonia, of the 11th century, one of the first modern legal texts. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1434x2314, 6502 KB) Usatges (Uses) of Catalonia, of the 11th century, one of the first modern legal texts. ... // Events March 20 - Henry V becomes King of England Project of Annals of Joseon Dynasty began. ... // Origin: The Corts of Barcelona The Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Corts of Barcelona (corts being the Catalan for courts). ... The Parliament of Catalonia is one of the institutions that form the Generalitat de Catalunya, together with the Presidency of the Generalitat de Catalunya and the Executive Board or Government. ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... Events March 8 - William III died; Princess Anne Stuart becomes Queen Anne of England, Scotland and Ireland. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 11th century was that century which lasted from 1001 to 1100. ...

Catalonia after the Middle Ages

The marriage of Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469) joined the so called Catholic Crowns; in 1492, the last of al-Andalus was conquered and the Spanish conquest of the Americas began. Political power began to shift away towards Castile. Isabella of Castile (Spanish: Ysabel, Isabel or Isabela) (22 April 1451 - 26 November 1504) was queen of Castile. ... Ferdinand II of Aragon. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere historically considered to consist of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... The starting point of Crown of Castile can be considered when the union of the Kingdoms of Castile and Leon in 1230 or the later fusion of their Cortes (their Parlaments). ...

Catalonia continued to retain part of its own laws, but these gradually eroded (albeit with occasional periods of recovery). Over the next few centuries, it was generally on the losing side of a series of wars that led steadily to more centralization of power in Castille.

In 1659, after the Treaty of the Pyrenees the comarques (districts) of Rosselló, Conflent, Vallespir and the northern half of Cerdanya were ceded to France. In recent times, this area has come to be known, especially by Catalan nationalists, as Northern Catalonia. Catalonian institutions were suppressed and public use of Catalan language was prohibited. Currently, this region is administratively part of French Départment of Pyrénées-Orientales. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was a treaty signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years War. ... This is a list of the comarques (singular comarca) of Catalonia. ... Mount Canigó (2785m), a Catalan landmark Roussillon (Catalan Rosselló; Spanish Rosellón) is one of the historical Catalan Countries corresponding roughly to the present-day southern French département of Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees). ... Conflent is a Catalan comarca in North Catalonia, and currently under French administration. ... Vallespir is a Catalan comarca, in North Catalonia and currently under French administration. ... Map of Baixa Cerdanya in Catalonia Cerdanya (French Cerdagne) is one of the historical Catalan counties in the eastern Pyrenees, bordering the county of Alt Urgell. ... ... The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties and are now grouped into 22 metropolitan and four overseas régions. ... Pyrénées-Orientales (Eastern Pyrenees, Catalan: Pirineus Orientals) is a département of southern France adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. ...

At the end of the War of the Spanish Succession (between Bourbons and the Allies), the duc d'Anjou, now Philip V, through the Decretos de Nueva Planta (New Regime Decrees), abolished the Crown of Aragon and all remaining Catalonian institutions, prohibiting the public use of Catalan language after their support to his opponent, the Archduke Charles of Austria. Charles II was the last Habsburg King of Spain. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... Look up ally in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... King Philip V of Spain (December 19, 1683 – July 9, 1746) or Philippe of Anjou was king of Spain from 1700 to 1746, the first of the Bourbon dynasty in Spain. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nueva Planta decrees. ... King of Aragons arms in 15th century The Crown of Aragon or Aragonese Empire was the regime of a large portion of what is now Spain, plus numerous Mediterranean possessions, for much of the later Middle Ages. ... Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ... Victorious Archduke Charles of Austria during the Battle of Aspern_Essling (May 21_22, 1809) The epileptic younger brother of Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, Archduke Charles of Austria (Erzherzog Karl) (September 5, 1771 - April 30, 1847) achieved respect both as a commander and as a reformer of Austrias army. ...

Present-day Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, held in Barcelona

In the 18th and 19th centuries, Spanish Catalonia benefited from the beginning of open commerce to America and protectionist policies enacted by the Spanish government, becoming a center of Spain's industrialization; to this day it remains one of the most industrialized parts of Spain, along with Madrid and the Basque Country. On several occasions during the first third of the 20th century, Spanish Catalonia gained and lost varying degrees of autonomy, but as in most regions of Spain, Catalan autonomy and culture were crushed to an unprecedented degree after the defeat of the Second Spanish Republic (founded 1931) in the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) brought Francisco Franco to power. Public use of the Catalan language was again banned after a brief period of general recuperation. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 592 KB) Summary Actual Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, held in Barcelona Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2048x1536, 592 KB) Summary Actual Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Catalonia, held in Barcelona Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal Postal code 08001-08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Protectionism is the economic policy of restraining trade between nations, through methods such as high tariffs on imported goods, restrictive quotas, a variety of restrictive government regulations designed to discourage imports, and anti-dumping laws in an attempt to protect domestic industries in a particular nation from foreign take-over... Capital Vitoria-Gasteiz Official language(s) Spanish and Basque Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 14th  7,234 km²  1. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Combatants Spanish Republic CNT-FAI UGT POUM Soviet Union International Brigades Spanish State Falangists Carlists Fascist Italy Nazi Germany Commanders Manuel Azaña Francisco Largo Caballero Juan Negrín Francisco Franco Casualties Civilians killed/wounded = hundreds of thousands The Spanish Civil War, which lasted from July 17, 1936 to April... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Franco redirects here. ... Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ...

Catalonia under Spanish jurisdiction recovered political and cultural autonomy following Franco's death in 1975. It became one of the Autonomous Communities of Spain. In comparison, Northern Catalonia has still a much more limited degree of autonomy. The term minority rights embodies two separate concepts: first, normal individual rights as applied to members of racial, ethnic, class, religious or sexual minorities, and second, collective rights accorded to minority groups. ... Franco redirects here. ... 1975 (MCMLXXV) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... Autonomous communities of Spain. ...

The Principality

The Principality of Catalonia (Catalan: el Principat de Catalunya), or simply the Principality (Catalan: el Principat), is one of the traditional names of Catalonia.

The origin of this name has been argued to come from the union of the Count of Barcelona Ramon Berenguer IV with Princess Petronila, daughter of Ramiro II, King of Aragon. The agreement of the wedding was done in 1137, but because she was only two years old, this was postponed. The marriage was finally celebrated in 1151, and Ramon Berenguer became prince consort and from this, the denomination of Principality later extended to Catalonia. We must take into account that Catalonia was not a county, but several counties, where the County of Barcelona only comprised part of that territory. The now-extinct title of Count of Barcelona was, through much of its history, merged with that of King of Aragon; see also List of Aragonese Monarchs. ... Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona the Saint (c. ... Petronila of Aragon (1135- October 17, 1174, Barcelona) was the daughter of King Ramiro II of Aragon and Agnes of Poitiers, a. ... Ramiro II of Aragon the Monk (ca. ... Here is a list of the rulers of Aragon, now a region of north-eastern Spain. ... // Groups BL1137 is the (now defunct) Unix group at Bell Labs in Murray Hill, NJ where Unix and C were invented. ... Events Ghazni is burned by the princes of Ghur Geoffrey of Anjou dies, and succeeded by his son Henry, aged 18. ... A prince consort, generally speaking, is the husband of a Queen regnant, unless he himself is a king. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... History of Spain series Prehistoric Spain Roman Spain Medieval Spain - Visigoths - Al-Andalus - Age of Reconquest Age of Expansion Age of Enlightenment Reaction and Revolution First Spanish Republic The Restoration Second Spanish Republic Spanish Civil War The Dictatorship Transition to Democracy Modern Spain Topics Economic History Military History Social History...

The oldest formal reference dates back to 1350, during the Corts in Perpinyà presided by the king Peter IV of Aragon. However, there seems to be an older reference, in a more informal context, in Ramon Muntaner's chronicles. Events 29 August - An English fleet personally commanded by King Edward III defeats a Spanish fleet in the battle of Les Espagnols sur Mer. ... Location within France Perpignan (Catalan Perpinyà) is a commune and the préfecture (administrative capital city) of the Pyrénées-Orientales département in southern France, and was the capital of the former province of Roussillon (French Catalonia). ... Peter IV of Aragon (1319-1387), king of Aragon (1336-1387), the Ceremonious or el del punyalet (the one of the little dagger). ... Ramon Muntaner (born in Perelada circa 1270 - died in Eivissa 1336) was a Catalan soldier and writer who wrote the Crònica, a chronicle of his life time and his adventures as a soldier in the Companyia Catalana. ...

The Principality denomination was even used during Bourbonic administration, after the Decretos de Nueva Planta, until the 19th century. Afterwards, Republican movements favoured its abandonment because it is historically somehow related to monarchy. Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Nueva Planta decrees. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Republicanism is the ideology of governing a nation as a republic, with an emphasis on Liberty and ruled by the people. ... Places where monarchies maintain rule appear in blue. ...

Current Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia, or Spanish Constitution, do not mention this denomination, but it is presently quite popular, especially among Catalan nationalists and independentists. The Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia is a Constitutional law promulgated on the 18 September 1979 that grants Catalonia a government of autonomy, in the context of the Kingdom of Spain. ... Constitution of Spain - Wikipedia /**/ @import /skins/monobook/IE50Fixes. ... Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates the political autonomy of Catalonia or the Catalan Countries and in some cases, independence from Spain and France. ... The blue estelada flag Catalan independentism is a political movement which supports the independence of Catalonia, and nowadays also commonly the whole Catalan Countries, from Spain and France. ...

Language

Main article: Catalan language Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ...

Catalonia constitutes the original nucleus where Catalan is spoken. Catalan is regarded by most linguists as being an Ibero-Romance language (the group that includes Spanish), but it has many features of Gallo-Romance languages such as French. Catalan in Europe Catalan IPA: (català ) is a Romance language, the official language of Andorra and co-official in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Valencia (under the name Valencian) and Catalonia. ... Linguistics is the scientific study of language. ... This article is about a subdivision of the Romance language family. ... The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Oïl languages, Catalan, and Occitan, among other languages. ...

Catalan is one of the two official languages of Autonomous Community of Catalonia, as laid down in the Catalan Statute of Autonomy; the other is Spanish. However, Catalan is not an official language neither in Northern Catalonia nor in La Franja. An official language is a language that is given a privileged legal status in a state, or other legally-defined territory. ... Capital Barcelona Official languages Spanish and Catalan In Val dAran, also Aranese. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Politics of Catalonia. ... The Franja de Ponent (Catalan for Western Strip) refers to four comarques in the east of the Autonomous Community of Aragon, which are historically and linguistically Catalan, in contrast to the Castillian- (and historically Aragonese-) speaking areas of western Aragon. ...

Occitan, in its Aranese variety, is official and subject to special protection in the Val d'Aran (Aran Valley), which is notable, as this small region of 7,000 is the only place where Occitan (spoken mainly in France and some Italian valleys) has full official recognition. Occitan, known also as Lenga dòc or Langue doc (Occitan: occitan, lenga dòc) is a Romance language spoken in Occitania (i. ... Aranese (Aranès or Aranais) is a dialect of Gascon (which is part of the Occitan language group of the Romance languages), spoken in Spain, where it is an official language. ... Val dAran, a small valley (620. ...

Culture

• Traditions of Catalonia
• Category:Catalan culture
• Category:Catalan literature
• Category:Catalan art

Correfocs in Barcelona Castells in Baó Catalonias festivals and traditions unify Catalan society and help to give it its particular character. ...

See also

• Catalan constitutions, from 1283
• Catalan Countries
• Cuisine of Catalonia
• Famous Catalan People
• Catalan nationalism
• Generalitat de Catalunya

// Origin: The Corts of Barcelona The Catalan constitutions were promulgated by the Corts of Barcelona (corts being the Catalan for courts). ... For broader historical context, see 1280s and 13th century. ... The term Catalan Countries (Catalan: Països Catalans) includes all territories where the Catalan language is spoken. ... Catalan cuisine is based on the ingredients of the Mediterranean area: fresh vegetables (especially tomato, garlic, aubergine, red pepper, and artichoke), wheat products (bread, pasta), olive oils, wines, legumes (beans, chick peas), all sorts of pork preparations (sausages, ham), all sorts of cheese, poultry, lamb, and many types of fish... Famous Catalan (from Catalonia, Spain) people. ... Catalan nationalism, or Catalanism, is a political movement that advocates the political autonomy of Catalonia or the Catalan Countries and in some cases, independence from Spain and France. ... The Generalitat de Catalunya (Government of Catalonia ) is the institution in which the self-government of Catalonia is politically organised. ...

External links

• Catalonia in Hiperenciclopedia
• Miguel Angel Hidalgo, Príncipe y Principado ("Prince and Principality") originally published in La Vanguardia, November 18, 1998, on the site of the Confederación de Empresarios de Aragón (CREA). Discusses the denomination of "principality" for Catalonia. (Spanish)