Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick, Canada is an institution that is part of Corrections Canada. Opened in 1880 as a maximum security prison, it now functions as a medium security facility.

A prison, penitentiary, or correctional facility is a place in which individuals are physically confined or interned and usually deprived of a range of personal freedoms. Prisons are conventionally institutions which form part of the criminal justice system of a country, such that imprisonment or incarceration is a legal penalty that may be imposed by the state for the commission of a crime. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x624, 574 KB) Summary Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick Canada. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1024x624, 574 KB) Summary Dorchester Penitentiary in New Brunswick Canada. ... This article is about the Canadian province; for the city in New Jersey, see New Brunswick, New Jersey. ... The Correctional Service of Canada is the government agency responsible for the federal prison and parole system in Canada. ... This page is about the usage and history of the terms concentration camp, internment camp and internment. ... Political freedom is the right, or the capacity, of self-determination as an expression of the individual will. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Social organisation. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern a society, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ...

A criminal suspect who has been charged with or is likely to be charged with a criminal offense may be held on remand in prison if he or she is denied, refused or unable to meet conditions of bail, or is unable to post bail. This may also occur where the court determines that the suspect is at risk of absconding before the trial, or is otherwise a risk to society. A criminal defendant may also be held in prison while awaiting trial or a trial verdict. If found guilty, a defendant will be convicted and may receive a custodial sentence requiring imprisonment. In the parlance of criminal justice, a suspect is a term used to refer to a person, known or unknown, suspected of committing a crime. ... In law, an offense (or offence) is a violation of the penal law. ... A prisoner who is denied, refused or unable to meet the conditions of bail, or who is unable to post bail, may be held in a prison on remand until their criminal trial. ... The word bail as a legal term means: Security, usually a sum of money, exchanged for the release of an arrested person as a guarantee of that persons appearance for trial. ... A defendant or defender is any party who is required to answer the complaint of a plaintiff or pursuer in a civil lawsuit before a court, or any party who has been formally charged or accused of violating a criminal statute. ... In legal parlance, a trial is an event in which parties to a dispute present information (in the form of evidence) in a formal setting, usually a court, before a judge, jury, or other designated finder of fact, in order to achieve a resolution to their dispute. ... In law, a verdict indicates the judgment of a case before a court of law. ... In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ...

Prisons may also be used as a tool of political repression to detain political prisoners, prisoners of conscience, and "enemies of the state", particularly by authoritarian regimes. In times of war or conflict, prisoners of war may also be detained in prisons. A prison system is the organizational arrangement of the provision and operation of prisons, and depending on their nature, may invoke a corrections system. Although people have been imprisoned throughout history, they have also regularly been able to perform prison escapes. Political repression means the restriction of the abilities of certain groups of people to take part in the political life of a society; or the persecution of people for their political beliefs. ... A political prisoner may be someone held in prison or otherwise detained, perhaps under house arrest, because their ideas or image are deemed by a government to either challenge or threaten the authority of the state. ... Prisoner of Conscience (POC) is a term coined by Amnesty International, the global human rights group. ... Enemy of the State is a 1998 film written by David Marconi, directed by Tony Scott, and starring Will Smith, Gene Hackman, Jon Voight, and Lisa Bonet. ... Bold text:This article applies to political ideologies. ... The United States detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. ... Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... Corrections refers to one of the components of the criminal justice system. ... A prison escape is an action by a criminal to escape from prison. ...

Other names and uses of the term

There are a variety of other names for prisons, such as a prison-house, penitentiary (IPA: /pɛnɪˈtɛnʃʌri/), or jail (in British English, the spelling gaol is sometimes used in formal contexts, although this spelling is pronounced in the same fashion). There are, also, many colloquial terms for prisons — such as big house, beantown, stir, The Yard, can, clink, joint, jug, cooler, hoosegow, lockup, graybar hotel, concrete Hilton, lockdown, nick, pokey, slammer, up the river — and a similar range of terms for imprisonment, including doing time, bird, doing a bid, being a guest of Her Majesty, porridge, working for Copper John, etc. The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... Dialect areas of England British English (BrE) is a term used to differentiate between the form of the English language used in the British Isles and those used elsewhere. ... Slang is the use of highly informal words and expressions that are not considered standard in the speakers dialect or language. ... The Hilton Hotel chain is owned by Hilton Hotels Corporation and is based in Beverly Hills, California. ... Porridge is a British BBC television sitcom (1974–1977), written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais and starring Ronnie Barker. ... Copper John is a statue of an American Revolutionary War soldier that stands atop the Auburn Correctional Facility in Auburn, New York. ...

The United States is one country where the term jail generally refers to facilities where detainees are locked up for a relatively short time (either while awaiting trial or serving a sentence of one year or less upon conviction for a misdemeanor). Prison and penitentiary typically denote a place where inmates go to serve long terms after having been found guilty of a felony. In the United States, jails are usually operated under the jurisdiction of local (county) governments while prisons are operated under the jurisdiction of state or federal governments. In the state of Massachusetts, some jails are known as houses of correction. In Washington some adult prisons are called reformatories, while in other states this is reserved as a term for a prison of the juvenile justice system. The term correctional facility has also been used. For children who offend there are secure units or secure training centres A misdemeanors (or misdemeanour), in many common law legal systems, is a lesser criminal act. ... A felony, in many common law legal systems, is the term for a very serious crime, whereas misdemeanors are considered to be less serious offenses. ... A state of the United States (a U.S. state) is any one of the fifty states (four of which officially favor the term commonwealth) which, along with the District of Columbia, form the United States of America. ... Official language(s) English Capital Boston Largest city Boston Area  Ranked 44th  - Total 10,555 sq mi (27,360 km²)  - Width 183 miles (295 km)  - Length 113 miles (182 km)  - % water 13. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ...

Prison design and facilities

Male and female prisoners are typically kept in separate locations or prisons altogether. Prison accommodation, especially modern prisons in the developed world, are often divided into wings identified by a name, number or letter. These wings may be further divided into landings that are essentially "floors" containing up to thirty cells. Cells are the smallest prison accommodation, each holding at least one or two prisoners. Cells which hold more than three or four prisoners may be known as dormitories. A building holding more than one wing is known as a "hall". A developed country is a country that has achieved (currently or historically) a high degree of industrialization, and which enjoys the higher standards of living which wealth and technology make possible. ... A cell and galleries at Londons Newgate Prison in 1896. ... A typical American college dorm room A dormitory or dorm is a place to sleep. ...

Modern large prisons will usually contain several of the following buildings and facilities:

• A main entrance, which may be known as the gatelodge.
• A chapel, which will often house chaplaincy offices and facilities for counselling of individuals or groups. Prisons may also contain a mosque (eg. HMP Stafford in the United Kingdom).
• An education department, which may include a library, and which provides adult or continuing education opportunities for prisoners.
• At least one exercise yard, fenced areas which prisoners may use for recreational and exercise purposes.
• A healthcare facility or infirmary, which often includes a dentist.
• A segregation unit or "block", which is used to separate unruly, dangerous, or vulnerable prisoners from the general population. Inmates may be placed into segregation to maintain the safety and security of the institution, or the safety of any persons. Also, they may be segregated to preserve the integrity of an investigation, or when no other housing is practical.
• Vulnerable prisoners units (VPs), or Protective Custody (PC), used to accommodate prisoners classified as vulnerable, such as sex offenders, former police officers, informants, and those that have gotten themselves in debt to other inmates.
• Safe cells, used to keep prisoners under constant visual observation.
• Isolation cells, commonly referred to as "the hole," used to keep prisoners completely isolated, usually as a punishment for misbehavior.
• Visiting rooms, where prisoners may be allowed restricted contact with relatives, friends, lawyers, or other people.

Other facilities that are often found in prisons include kitchens, gymnasiums, and accommodation for prison staff. A chapel is a private church, usually small and often attached to a larger institution such as a college, a hospital, a palace, or a prison. ... A chaplain is typically a member of the clergy serving a group of people who are not organized as a mission or church; lay chaplains are also found in some settings such as universities. ... Look up Psychotherapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Badshahi Masjid in Lahore, Pakistan with an iwan at center, three domes, and five visible minarets A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... A modern-style library in Chambéry In the traditional sense of the word, a library is a collection of books and periodicals, . It can refer to an individuals private collection, but more often it is a large collection that is funded and maintained by a city or institution. ... Libraries are a useful resource for adult learners. ... Continuing education may refer to one of two types of education. ... Those who supply information to enforcers of law or administration. ... Constant visual observation, often abbreviated to constant visual, is a term used in various Mental Health Services, Prisons and Special Schools to describe the status of a service user who poses a threat to themselves or a third party, and must therefore be kept under constant observation. ... A kitchen is a room used for food preparation. ... Modern indoor gymnasium with pull-down basketball hoops Gym, a shortened form of gymnasium, refers to facilities intended for indoor sports or exercise. ...

Prisons and the criminal justice system

A convicted defendant will typically receive a "custodial sentence" if found guilty of committing a serious criminal offense such as physical assault, rape, murder, and acts involving circumstances of aggravation (eg. use of a weapon, violence, children), or has reoffended. In some countries, the law may require that courts hand down a mandatory and sometimes lengthy custodial sentence whenever a crime involves property, drugs or other prohibited substances, or where the defendant has previously been convicted (see mandatory sentencing). Some jurisdictions may hold a suspect in prison on remand for varying periods of time. In law, a sentence forms the final act of a judge-ruled process, and also the symbolic principal act connected to his function. ... In law, an offense (or offence) is a violation of the penal law. ... Aggravation is a legal concept, which Blacks Law Dictionary defines as: Any circumstance attending the commission of a crime or tort which increases its guilt or enormity or adds to its injurious consequences, but which is above and beyond the essential constituents of the crime or tort itself. ... Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior. ... A mandatory sentence is a judicial decision setting the punishment to be inflicted on a person convicted of a crime where judicial discretion is limited by law. ... In the parlance of criminal justice, a suspect is a term used to refer to a person, known or unknown, suspected of committing a crime. ... A prisoner who is denied, refused or unable to meet the conditions of bail, or who is unable to post bail, may be held in a prison on remand until their criminal trial. ...

Gatehouse of former 19th century St Albans prison in England, as seen in the British TV comedy Porridge.

The nature of prisons and of prison systems varies from country to country, although many systems typically segregate prisoners by sex, and by category of risk. Prisons are often rated by the degree of security, ranging from minimum security (used mainly for nonviolent offenders such as those guilty of fraud) through to maximum security and super-maximum or supermax (often used for those who have committed violent crimes or crimes while imprisoned). Gatehouse of former St Albans Prison. ... Gatehouse of former St Albans Prison. ... St Albans (thus spelt, no apostrophe or dot) is the main urban area of the City and District of St Albans in southern Hertfordshire, England, around 22 miles (35. ... Porridge is a British BBC television sitcom (1974–1977), written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais and starring Ronnie Barker. ... Supermax is the name used to describe control-unit prisons or units within prisons, representing the most secure and austere levels of custody in the prison systems of the United States and other countries. ...

The issue of crime and punishment is a highly politicized issue. Prisons, prison systems, sentencing and imprisonment practices, and the use of capital punishment may all lead to controversy and debate. For example, the use of mandatory sentencing and the effectiveness of custodial sentences for minor property crimes is often debated, especially where the prison sentence required in such cases is more harsh than for the commission of violent crimes. Some of these issues are discussed further below. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the State as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ...

Criminal justice goals of the prison system

Criminal justice models are based on the goals of the penal system:

Retribution/Vengeance/Retaliation

This is founded on the "eye for an eye, tooth for a tooth" philosophy, which essentially states that if one person harms another, then an equivalent harm should be done to them. One goal here is to prevent vigilantism, gang or clan warfare, and other actions by those who have an unsatisfied need to "get even" for a crime against them, their family, or their group. It is, however, difficult to determine how to equate different types of "harm". A literal case is where a murderer is punished with the death penalty, the argument being "justice demands a life for a life". One criticism of long term prison sentences and other methods for achieving justice is that such "warehousing" of criminals is rather expensive. Yet another facet of this debate disregards the financial cost for the most part. The argument regarding warehousing rests, in this case, upon the theory that any punishment considered respectful of human rights should not include caging humans for life without chance of release--that even death is morally and ethically a higher road than no-parole prison sentences. For the aircraft, see A-5 Vigilante. ...

Deterrence

Here the criminal is used as an "example to themself and others". By subjecting prisoners to harsh conditions, authorities hope to convince them to avoid future criminal behavior and to exemplify for others the rewards for avoiding such behavior; that is, the fear of punishment will win over whatever pleasure the illegal activity might bring. The deterrence model frequently goes far beyond "an eye for an eye", exacting a more severe punishment than would seem to be indicated by the crime. Torture has been used in the past as a deterrent, as has the public embarrassment and discomfort of stocks, and, in religious communities, excommunication. Executions, particularly gruesome ones (such as hanging or beheading), often for petty offenses, are further examples of attempts at deterrence. One criticism of the deterrence model is that criminals typically have a rather short-term orientation, and the possibility of long-term consequences is of little importance to them. Also, their quality of life may be so horrific that any treatment within the criminal justice system (which is compatible with human rights law) will only be seen as an improvement over their previous situation. Torture is any act by which severe pain, whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted on a person as a means of intimidation, deterrence, revenge, punishment, sadism, or information gathering. ... The stocks are a device used since medieval times for public humiliation, corporal punishment, and torture. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Salvation

The goal here is for the individual to find God. Religious study and (frequently) isolation are stressed. While it is felt that an individual who has been saved will no longer commit crimes, the purely religious goal of providing as many souls as possible for God also applies. Note that this model often clashes with secular societies, especially those with a separation of Church and State philosophy, such as the United States. Also note that torture was used in an attempt to force prisoners to accept God, in the past, most notably during the Spanish Inquisition. The separation of church and state is a political doctrine which states that the institutions of the state or national government should be kept separate from those of religious institutions. ... Pedro Berruguete. ...

Reform/Rehabilitation

(This refers to treatment of the individual prisoners, rather than to reform of the penal system.) The purpose of reform, the correct approach, and the level of resources to apply to it are much disputed areas of public policy. One school of thought is that a criminal should be encouraged to rehabilitate his or her inherent deficiencies. Alternatively, the process may be seen as providing the person with an alternative to criminal behaviour upon release. This rehabilitation process may involve provision of education, vocational training, treatment for drug addiction, counseling, and/or an attempt to encourage socially acceptable behaviors: for instance the need to treat others with respect, or for self-discipline might be stressed.

The approach to take with younger criminals, the severity of any regime, and whether efforts at rehabilitation should be mandatory are all areas of political debate, as is the issue of funding. Whilst some argue that the cost to society is offset by preventing crime in the future, others contend that it rewards those in jail with training that would not otherwise have been available to them. A key issue that frames these debates is the view taken on responsibility for crime in society; are criminals inherently prone to illegal behaviour, or does crime stem from a failure of social policy?

Removal from society

The goal here is simply to keep criminals away from potential victims, thus reducing the number of crimes they can commit. The criticism of this model is that others increase the number and severity of crimes they commit to make up for the "vacuum" left by the removed criminal. For example, a drug dealer removed from a location will result in an unmet demand for drugs at that locale, and an existing or new drug dealer will then appear, to fill the void. This new drug dealer may have been innocent of any crimes before this opportunity, or may have been guilty of less serious crimes, such as being a look-out for the previous drug dealer.

Repayment

Prisoners are forced to repay their "debt" to society . Unpaid or low pay work is common in many prisons, often to the benefit of the community. In some countries prisons operate as labour camps. Critics say that the repayment model gives government an economic incentive to send more people to prison. In corrupt or authoritarian regimes, such as the former Soviet Union, many citizens are sentenced to forced labour for minor breaches of the law, simply because the government requires the labour camps as a source of income. Community service is increasingly being used as an alternative to prison for petty criminals. Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. ...

Reduction in immediate costs

Government and prison officials also have the goal of minimizing short-term costs.

In wealthy societies:

This calls for keeping prisoners "happy" by providing them with things like television and conjugal visits. Inexpensive measures like these prevent prison assaults and riots which in turn allow the number of guards to be minimized. Providing the quickest possible parole and/or release also reduces immediate costs to the prison system (although these may very well increase long term costs to the prison system and society due to recidivism). The ultimate way to reduce immediate costs is to eliminate prisons entirely and use fines, community service, and other sanctions (like the loss of a driver's license or the right to vote) instead. Executions at first would appear to limit costs, but, in most wealthy societies, the long appeals process for death sentences (and associated legal costs) make them quite expensive. Note that this goal conflicts with most of the other goals for criminal justice systems. For example, if a criminal is treated well and released early, s/he is not likely to be deterred from future crimes.

In poor societies:

Poor societies, which lack the resources to imprison criminals for years, frequently use execution in place of imprisonment, for severe crimes. Less severe crimes, such as theft, might be dealt with by less severe physical means, such as amputation of the hands. When long term imprisonment is used in such societies, it may be a virtual death sentence, as the lack of food, sanitation, and medical care causes widespread disease and death, in such prisons.

Some of the goals of criminal justice are compatible with one another, while others are in conflict. In the history or prison reform, the harsh treatment, torture, and executions used for deterrence first came under fire as a violation of human rights. The salvation goal, and methods, were later attacked as violations of the individual's Freedom of Religion. This led to further "reforms" aimed principally at reform/correction of the individual, removal from society, and reduction of immediate costs. The perception that such reforms sometimes denied victims justice then led to further changes. The hope, in the future, is that medical diagnosis and treatments might assist future generations of prisoner reformers. For example, if the "thrill-seeking gene" could be suppressed via RNAi technology, this could lead to less risk-taking behavior (some of it criminal). Recidivism is the act of a person repeating an undesirable behavior after they have either experienced negative consequences of that behavior, or have been treated or trained to extinguish that behavior. ... Human rights are rights which some hold to be inalienable and belonging to all humans. ... It has been suggested that Religious toleration be merged into this article or section. ... In molecular biology, RNA interference (RNAi) is a mechanism in which the presence of small fragments of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) whose sequence matches a given gene interferes with the expression of that gene. ...

Military and political prisons

Prisons form part of military systems, and are used variously to house prisoners of war, unlawful combatants, those whose freedom is deemed a national security risk by military or civilian authorities, and members of the military found guilty of a serious crime. See military prison. Geneva Convention definition A prisoner of war (POW) is a soldier, sailor, airman, or marine who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Almost every modern state-level military operates some type of military prison system. ...

Certain countries maintain or have in the past had a system of political prisons; arguably the gulags associated with Stalinism are best known. The definition of what is and is not a political crime and a political prison is, of course, highly controversial. Some psychiatric facilities have characteristics of prisons, especially when confining patients who have committed a crime and are considered dangerous. Gulag ( , Russian: ) is an acronym for Главное Управление Исправительно—Трудовых Лагерей и колоний, Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey i kolonii, The Chief Directorate [or Administration] of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies of the NKVD. Anne Applebaum, in her book Gulag: A History, explains: Literally, the word GULAG is an acronym, meaning Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei, or Main Camp... Joseph Stalin. ... Psychiatry is a branch of medicine that studies and treats mental and emotional disorders (see mental illness). ...

Prison population statistics

A cell and galleries at London's Newgate Prison in 1896.

As of 2006, it is estimated that at least nine million people are currently imprisoned worldwide. ^[1] It is believed that this number is likely to be much higher, in view of general under-reporting and a lack of data from various countries, especially authoritarian regimes. Since the beginning of the 1990s, the prison population in most countries has increased significantly ^{[citation needed]}. Image File history File links Newgate_-_cell_and_galleries_from_The_Queen's_London_-_a_Pictorial_and_Descriptive_Record_of_the_Streets,_Buildings,_Parks_and_Scenery_of_the_Great_Metropolis,_1896. ... Image File history File links Newgate_-_cell_and_galleries_from_The_Queen's_London_-_a_Pictorial_and_Descriptive_Record_of_the_Streets,_Buildings,_Parks_and_Scenery_of_the_Great_Metropolis,_1896. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... Old Newgate Prison, which was replaced in the 18th century. ... Bold text:This article applies to political ideologies. ... See also 1990s, the band The 1990s decade refers to the years from 1990 to 1999, inclusive, sometimes informally including popular culture from the very late 1980s and from 2000 and beyond. ...

In absolute terms, the United States currently has the largest inmate population in the world, with more than 2 million ^[2] in prison and jails. In 2002, both Russia and China also had prison populations in excess of 1 million ^{[1] [3]}.

As a percentage of total population, Rwanda has the largest prison population as of 2002, with more than 100,000 (of a total population of around 8 million), largely as a result of the 1994 genocide. The United States is second largest in relative numbers with 486 prisoners per 100,000 of population, according to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, also making it the largest in relative numbers amongst developed countries). New Zealand has the second highest prison population per capita amongst developed countries, with 169 prisoners per 100,000. The Rwandan Genocide was the slaughter of an estimated 800,000 [1] to 1,071,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus, mostly carried out by two extremist Hutu militia groups, the Interahamwe and the Impuzamugambi, during a period of 100 days from April 6th through mid-July 1994. ... Coloured world map indicating Human Development Index (as of 2003). ...

In 2003, the United Kingdom had 73,000 inmates in its facilities, with France and Germany having a similar number.

The high proportion of prisoners in developed countries may be explained by a range of factors, including better funded criminal justice systems, a more strict approach to law and order (eg. through the use of mandatory sentencing), and a larger gap between the rich and the poor. In non-developed countries, rates of incarceration may be a reflection of a tendency for some crimes to go unpunished, political corruption, or the use of other mechanisms which provide an alternative to incarceration as a means of dealing with crime (eg. through the use of reconciliation). To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Law and order is a political term, used most notably in the United States, to refer to crime and punishment as a political issue. ... A mandatory sentence is a judicial decision setting the punishment to be inflicted on a person convicted of a crime where judicial discretion is limited by law. ... World map of the Corruption Perceptions Index In broad terms, political corruption is the misuse of public (governmental) power for illegitimate, usually secret, private advantage. ... This article is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

According to the last statistics by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (October 2005, "Prisoners in 2004), the "rate of incarceration in prison at yearend 2004 was 486 sentenced inmates per 100,000 U.S. residents". However, if one adds the jail population to that number one comes up with the more realistic figure of 725 inmates per 100,000 residents.

Mean: Estimate of 197 (196.63) Median: 92 Range: 696

Prisons by country

Prisons in Australia

The main cell block of Fremantle Prison, Western Australia.

Many prisons in Australia were built by convict labour in the 1800s. During the 1990s various state governments in Australia engaged private sector correctional corporations to build and operate prisons whilst several older government run institutions were decommissioned. Operation of Federal detention centres was also privatised at a time when a large influx of illegal immigrants began to arrive in Australia. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2080x1544, 693 KB) Summary The main cellblock taken by ghostieguide dec 22 2005 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2080x1544, 693 KB) Summary The main cellblock taken by ghostieguide dec 22 2005 Licensing File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... A recreation of typical 1855 cell accommodation. ... Emblems: Floral - Kangaroo Paw (Anigozanthos manglesii); Mammal - Numbat (Myrmecobius fasciatus); Bird - Black Swan (Cygnus atratus) Motto: none Slogan or Nickname: Wildflower State Other Australian states and territories Capital Perth Government Const. ...

• List of Australian prisons and detention centres
• Immigration detention centres
• Mandatory detention in Australia

This is a list of operational and former Australian prisons and immigration detention centres. ... Australian immigration detention facilities comprise a number of different facilities throughout Australia and the Pacific Ocean. ... Mandatory detention in Australia concerns the Australian federal government policy and system of mandatory detention, pursuant to which all persons entering or remaining in the country without a valid visa including children are compulsorily detained and may be subject to deportation. ...

Prisons in Japan

• See Penal system of Japan

Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Prisons in the United Kingdom

For information on prisons and related subjects in the United Kingdom, see articles on Her Majesty's Prison Service, on the United Kingdom prison population and the List of United Kingdom prisons. Also see house arrest. Her Majestys Prison Service is the British Executive Agency reporting to the Home Office tasked with managing most of the prisons within England and Wales (Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own Prison Services). ... The United Kingdom has one of the highest rates of incarceration in western Europe: on average 139 people in every 100,000 are in prison (although this is far short of the 714 per 100,000 in the United States). ... This page lists all current and a number of historical prisons in the United Kingdom. ... In justice and law, house arrest is the situation where a person is confined (by the authorities) to his or her residence. ...

Prisons in Canada

• See Corrections Canada

Historic Morrow County jail in tiny Mount Gilead, Ohio, a purely temporary facility.

The Correctional Service of Canada is the government agency responsible for the federal prison and parole system in Canada. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2500x1941, 1201 KB) Summary Morrow County jail in Mount Gilead, Ohio, a Second Empire. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2500x1941, 1201 KB) Summary Morrow County jail in Mount Gilead, Ohio, a Second Empire. ... Morrow County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. ... Mount Gilead State Park. ...

Prisons in France

France has 188 prisons in mainland and the oversea territories. Statistics showed around 50,000 places on July 1, 2005 for around 60,000 prisoners.

• official website : http://www.justice.gouv.fr/minister/DAP/etablissement.htm
• official statistic (2005) : http://www.justice.gouv.fr/chiffres/chiffrescles05.pdf

Prisons in the United States

• See Prisons in the United States

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Prisons in history

The following are a selected list of prisons with well-known historical significance:

• Alcatraz, San Francisco (historical)
• Andersonville National Historic Site, Andersonville, Georgia (historical)
• Angola prison, near St. Francisville, Louisiana (since before 1901)

• Attica Correctional Facility, Attica (town), New York, scene of the most infamous prison riot in United States history
• Auburn Prison, Auburn, New York [since 1816]
• The Bastille, Paris, France (historical) In French
• Château d'If, Marseille (historical) In French
• Carandiru, Brazil (historical)
• Devil's Island, French Guiana (historical)

• Eastern State Penitentiary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (historical)
• Fleet Prison, London, England (historical)
• Fort Jefferson, Florida keys (historical)
• Fort Monroe, Phoebus, Virginia (historical)
• Folsom State Prison, Folsom, California
• Fremantle Prison, Fremantle, Western Australia
• Hanoi Hilton, Hanoi, Vietnam (POW prison; historical)
• Joliet Prison, Joliet, Illinois (historical)
• Kilmainham Gaol, Dublin, Ireland (historical)
• Kingston Penitentiary, Kingston, Ontario Canada (Operating continuously since June 1, 1835)
• La Santé, Paris, France (historical)
• Landsberg Prison, Landsberg am Lech, Germany (since 1910)
• Leavenworth, Kansas, site of a federal prison and the military's primary prison, the United States Disciplinary Barracks.
• Lubyanka prison, Moscow (historical)
• Maze Prison, Belfast, Northern Ireland (historical)
• McNeil Island, Steilacoom, Washington (historical)
• Newgate Prison, London, England (historical)
• Rikers Island, New York City, US (since 1884)
• Robben Island, South Africa (historical)
• Sing Sing Correctional Facility, Ossining, New York, U.S. (since 1828)
• Spandau Prison,West Berlin (historical)
• The Tower of London, London, England (historical)

Alcatraz Island in 2005 Alcatraz Island (, ) is located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ... Andersonville National Historic Site is located in Andersonville, Georgia. ... Andersonville is a city in Sumter County, Georgia, United States. ... Angola is the Louisiana State Penitentiary and is estimated to be the largest prison in the U.S. with 5,000 inmates and over 1,000 staff. ... St. ... The Attica Correctional Facility is one of the most well known prisons in the United States, second possibly to Alcatraz. ... Attica is a town located in Wyoming County, New York. ... Auburn Prison is a prison located in Auburn, New York, USA. Constructed in 1816, it was the first state prison in New York, the site of the first execution via electric chair, and the namesake of the Auburn System, a correctional system believed to rehabilitate prisoners William Kemmler, who murdered... Auburn is a city in Cayuga County, New York, United States of America. ... The Bastille The Bastille was a prison in Paris, known formally as Bastille Saint-Antoine—Number 232, Rue Saint-Antoine. ... Part of the Paris area skyline with from left to right: Montparnasse Tower, Eiffel Tower, and La Défense. ... The Château dIf is located on the small island of If, the smallest island in the Frioul Archipelago, situated in the Mediterranean Sea, about a mile offshore in the Bay of Marseille, in southeastern France. ... city flag coat of arms Motto: By her great deeds, Marseille shines in the world Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 16 arrondissements (in 8 secteurs) Département Bouches-du-Rhône (13) Région Provence-Alpes-Côte dAzur Mayor Jean-Claude Gaudin (UMP) (since 1995... Carandiru Pententiary, was the biggest penitentiary on America Latina. ... Devils Island (French ÃŽle du Diable) is the smallest island of the three ÃŽles du Salut located off the coast of French Guiana at . ... Eastern State Penitentiary is a former state prison in the United States. ... Nickname: City of Brotherly Love, Philly, the Quaker City Motto: Philadelphia maneto (Let brotherly love continue) Location in Pennsylvania Coordinates: Country United States State Pennsylvania County Philadelphia Founded October 27, 1682 Incorporated October 25, 1701 Mayor John F. Street (D) Area    - City 369. ... Pray remember ye poor debtors: inmates of the Fleet Prison beg passers by for alms. ... London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe. ... Dry Tortugas National Park is a United States National Park, located in the Dry Tortugas islands of the Florida Keys. ... Palm trees in Islamorada The Florida Keys are an archipelago, a string of about 1700 islands in the southeast United States. ... Satellite Photo of Fort Monroe Fort Monroe, Virginia (also known as Fortress Monroe) is a military installation located at Old Point Comfort on the tip of the Virginia Peninsula at the mouth of Hampton Roads on the Chesapeake Bay in eastern Virginia in the United States. ... Phoebus was an incorporated town located in Elizabeth City County on the Virginia Peninsula in eastern Virginia. ... East gate, Folsom State Prison, California Folsom State Prison (FSP), also known as Folsom State Prison, Represa is one of 33 prison facilities operated by the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR). ... Folsom is a city in Sacramento County, California, USA. Though Folsom is most commonly known by its famous Folsom Prison, it is a thriving suburb of Sacramento. ... A recreation of typical 1855 cell accommodation. ... Fremantle Town Hall Fremantle (, ) is a city located within the Perth metropolitan area on Australias western coast, at the mouth of the Swan River, 19 kilometres southwest of Perths Central Business District. ... The Hanoi Hilton in a 1970 aerial surveillance photo. ... Hanoi (Vietnamese: Hà Ná»™i), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam. ... Joliet Prison was a prison in Joliet, Illinois, United States from 1858 to 2002. ... The city of Joliet is located 40 miles southwest of Chicago. ... Kilmainham Jail, also known as Kilmainham Gaol, is a prison located in Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland. ... This article is about the city in Ireland. ... Kingston Penitentiary is a maximum security prison located in Kingston, Ontario between King Street West and Lake Ontario. ... Kingston, Ontario, is a historic city in Ontario, Canada, located in the Quebec City-Windsor Corridor at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St. ... La Santé Prison (French: Maison darrêt de la Santé) is a jail located in Paris, France. ... The Eiffel Tower has become the symbol of Paris throughout the world. ... Landsberg Prison is a penal facility located in the town of Landsberg am Lech in the southwest of the German state of Bavaria, about 30 miles (45 km) west of Munich. ... Landsberg am Lech is a town in the southwest of Bavaria, Germany, about 50 kilometers west of Munich and 35 kilometers south of Augsburg. ... Leavenworth is the largest city and county seat of Leavenworth County, in the U.S. state of Kansas. ... The United States Penitentiary (USP), Leavenworth is located in Leavenworth, Kansas on 1,583 acres (6. ... The United States Disciplinary Barracks (or USDB, popularly known as Leavenworth or the Castle) is a military prison located on Fort Leavenworth, a United States Army facility in Kansas. ... Lubyanka was one of the most infamous NKVD prisons in Soviet Union. ... Location Position of Moscow in Europe Government Country District Subdivision Russia Central Federal District Federal City Mayor Yuriy Luzhkov Geographical characteristics Area  - City 1,081 km² Population  - City (2005)    - Density 10,415,400   8537. ... Her Majestys Prison (HMP) Maze (known colloqually as The Maze) is a disused prison sited at the former RAF station at Long Kesh (it is still called Long Kesh by many Irish Republicans) near Lisburn, nine miles outside Belfast, in County Antrim, Northern Ireland. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 54. ... Motto: (French for God and my right)2 Anthem: UK: God Save the Queen Regional: (De facto) Londonderry Air Capital Belfast Largest city Belfast Official language(s) English (De facto), Irish, Ulster Scots 3 Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP  - First Minister Office suspended... McNeil Island is an island in Puget Sound, located just west of Steilacoom, Washington at 47°1242 North, 122°4114 West3. ... Steilacoom is a town located in Pierce County, Washington. ... Old Newgate Prison, which was replaced in the 18th century. ... London (pronounced ) is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom. ... Motto: (French for God and my right) Anthem: Multiple unofficial anthems Capital London Largest city London Official language(s) English (de facto) Government Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Queen Elizabeth II  - Prime Minister Tony Blair MP Unification    - by Athelstan AD 927  Area    - Total 130,395 km² (1st in UK)   50,346 sq... View of Rikers Island Rikers Island is the name of New York Citys largest jail facility, as well as the name of the 415 acre (1. ... Nickname: Big Apple Location in the state of New York Coordinates: Country United States State New York Boroughs Bronx (The Bronx) New York (Manhattan) Queens (Queens) Kings (Brooklyn) Richmond (Staten Island) Mayor Michael Bloomberg (R) Area    - City 1,214. ... Prison buildings on Robben Island. ... Alternative meaning: Sing Sing (band) Sing Sing Correctional Facility is a prison in Ossining, New York. ... For other uses, see United States (disambiguation) and US (disambiguation). ... Spandau Prison from the air Spandau Prison was a prison situated in the borough of Spandau in western Berlin, constructed in 1876. ... Boroughs of West Berlin West Berlin was the name given to the western part of Berlin between 1949 and 1990. ... The Tower of London, seen from the river, with a view of the water gate called Traitors Gate. ... London — containing the City of London — is the capital of the United Kingdom and of England and a major world city. With over seven million inhabitants (Londoners) in Greater London area, it is amongst the most densely populated areas in Western Europe. ...

Cultural references to prisons and prison life

There are many famous work of literature describing or discussing prisons. Examples include:

• The Count of Monte Cristo, classic adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas, père.
• The Ballad of Reading Gaol, famous poem by Oscar Wilde.

There have been several films produced that depict prison life, including: This article is about the novel. ... Alexandre Dumas, père. ... The Ballad of Reading Gaol is a famous poem by Oscar Wilde, written after his release from Reading prison on 19 May 1897. ... It has been suggested that Wildes Manuscripts be merged into this article or section. ...

• Le Trou (1960) Directed by Jacques Becker
• Cool Hand Luke (1967) Directed by Stuart Rosenberg
• Stir Crazy (1975) Directed by Sidney Poitier
• Escape from Alcatraz (1979) Directed by Don Siegel
• The Chamber (1996) Directed by James Foley
• The Rock (1996) Directed by Michael Bay
• The Shawshank Redemption (1994) Directed by Frank Darabont
• The Green Mile (1999) Directed by Frank Darabont
• The Last Castle (2001) Directed by Rod Lurie
• Papillon (1973) Directed by Franklin J.schaffer
• Half Past Dead (2002) Directed by Don Michael

There have also been a number of television programs, including: Le Trou is a 1960 film directed by Jacques Becker. ... Jacques Becker (September 15, 1906 - February 21, 1960) was a French screenwriter and film director. ... Cool Hand Luke is a 1967 American film starring Paul Newman and directed by Stuart Rosenberg. ... Stuart Rosenberg is a film director. ... Stir crazy may mean: Stir Crazy (movie) Stir crazy (condition) Stir Crazy (restaurant) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Sidney Poitier Sir Sidney Poitier, KBE (born February 20, 1927) is a Bahamian-American actor. ... Escape from Alcatraz is a 1979 film, directed by Don Siegel and starring Clint Eastwood. ... Don Siegel (October 26, 1912 - April 20, 1991) was an influential American film director. ... The Chamber (1994) is a legal/suspense novel by noted American author John Grisham. ... James Foley (born December 23, 1957 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American film director and screenwriter. ... The Rock is an action movie released on Friday, June 7, 1996 that primarily takes place on Alcatraz Island, and in the San Francisco Bay area. ... Michael Bay Michael Benjamin Bay (born February 17, 1965) is an American film director and producer. ... The Shawshank Redemption is a 1994 movie, written and directed by Frank Darabont, based on the Stephen King novella Rita Hayworth and Shawshank Redemption. ... Frank Darabont (born on January 28, 1959) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. ... The Green Mile is a 1999 movie, directed by Frank Darabont, based on the Stephen King novel The Green Mile. ... Frank Darabont (born on January 28, 1959) is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. ... The Last Castle is a 2001 movie starring Robert Redford and James Gandolfini. ... Rod Lurie (born 1962) is an American director, screenwriter and former film critic. ... Papillon is a French word for butterfly. The term may also refer to Papillon (autobiography), a memoir written by Henri Charrière about his imprisonment at a penal colony in French Guiana. ... Half Past Dead is a 2002 action movie in which a criminal infiltrates a prison to interrogate a prisoner about the location of a fortune in gold and an FBI agent has to stop him. ...

• Porridge (TV) (1974-1977)
• Prisoner (TV series) (1979-1986)
• Oz (TV series) (1997-2003) HBO
• Bad Girls (TV series) (1999-present)
• Prison Break (TV series) (2005-present)

Porridge is a British BBC television sitcom (1974–1977), written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais and starring Ronnie Barker. ... Prisoner (known in the UK and USA as Prisoner: Cell Block H) is an Australian television soap opera set in Wentworth Detention Centre, a fictional womens prison. ... Oz was the first one-hour dramatic television series to be produced by HBO. The show, which aired for six seasons (1997-2003), is set in a maximum-security prison. ... Bad Girls is a British television drama series shown on ITV1 and produced by Shed productions, the company which later produced Footballers Wives. ... Prison Break is an American television series that premiered on The Fox Network on August 29, 2005. ...

See also

Anton Praetorius (Lippstadt 1560 – 6 December 1613 near Heidelberg in Laudenbach/Bergstrasse), Protestant pastor and fighter against the persecution of witches (witchhunts, witchcraft trials) and against torture. ... // Definition Boot camps have been part of the correctional and penal system of the United States for the last 25 years. ... In the United Kingdom, a Borstal was a juvenile detention centre or reformatory, an institution of the criminal justice system, intended to reform delinquent male youths aged between about 16 and 21. ... The Bridewell Palace was rebuilt for Henry VIII in 1515-1520 on the site of an earlier palace. ... Community service refers to service that a person performs for the benefit of his or her local community. ... False Imprisonment is a common law tort, and possibly a misdemeanor crime, wherein a person is intentionally confined without legal authority. ... The Department of Corrections is a U.S. department responsible for the nations prison and reform system. ... It has been suggested that Adjudication be merged into this article or section. ... In justice and law, house arrest is the situation where a person is confined (by the authorities) to his or her residence. ... A jailhouse lawyer is a colloquial term in North American English to refer to an inmate in a jail or other prison who, though usually never having practised law nor having any formal legal training, informally assists other inmates in legal matters relating to their sentence (e. ... Life imprisonment is a term used for a particular kind of sentence of imprisonment. ... This page provides a list of prisons by country. ... Panopticon blueprint by Jeremy Bentham, 1791 The Panopticon is a type of prison building designed by English philosopher Jeremy Bentham. ... A Penal Colony is a colony used to detain prisoners and generally use them for penal labor in an economically underdeveloped part of the states (usually colonial) territories, and on a far larger scale than the prison farm. ... Penal labour or penal servitude is a form of unfree labour. ... Penology (from the Latin poena, punishment) comprises penitentiary science: that concerned with the processes devised and adopted for the punishment, repression, and prevention of crime, and the treatment of prisoners. ... The aim of the prison abolition movement is to eliminate prisons, jails, immigration detention centers, and prisoner of war camps by alternatives which they argue are more useful and more humane. ... Prison education involves vocational training or academic education supplied to prisoners as part of their rehabilitation and preparation for life outside prison. ... A prison escape is an action by a criminal to escape from prison. ... A prison officer is a person charged with the responsibility of the supervision of prisoners in a prison. ... Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system. ... Prison sexuality deals with sexual relationships between confined individuals. ... The movement for Prisoners rights is based on the principle that prisoners, even though they are deprived of liberty, are still entitled to basic human rights. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Most prisons are operated by government agencies. ... Punishment is the practice of imposing something unpleasant on a subject as a response to some unwanted behavior or disobedience that the subject has displayed. ... Sleepers has several meanings: for the 1996 film, see Sleepers (film) for railway sleepers, see railroad tie Sleepers is also a solo album by rapper Big Pooh from the group Little Brother. ... A prisoner who is denied, refused or unable to meet the conditions of bail, or who is unable to post bail, may be held in a prison on remand until their criminal trial. ... Village lock-ups were temporary holding places for detaining people in rural parts of England and Wales. ... Village lock-ups were temporary holding places for detaining people in rural parts of the United Kingdom and Ireland. ...

References

1. ^ ^a b World Prison Population List. Home Office, UK (2003).
2. ^ Harrison, Paige M., Allen J. Beck (June 2006). Prison and Jail Inmates at Midyear 2005. Bureau of Justice Statistics.
3. ^ Entire World - Prison Population Totals. Retrieved on 2006-06-13.

2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... June 13 is the 164th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (165th in leap years), with 201 days remaining. ...

Further reading

• Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison, New York: Random House 1975
• Peter Kropotkin, "In Russian and French Prisons". Online book. This is a criticism of the existence of prisons.
• James (Jim) Bruton, Big House: Life Inside a Supermax Security Prison, Voyageur Press (July, 2004), hardcover, 192 pages, ISBN 0-89658-039-3
• George Jackson, George Jackson: Soledad brother.
• Paula C. Johnson, Inner Lives: Voices of African American Women in Prison, New York University Press 2004
• Marek M. Kaminski (2004) Games Prisoners Play. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-11721-7 http://webfiles.uci.edu/mkaminsk/www/book.html
• Ted Conover. Newjack: Guarding Sing Sing. Knopf, 2001. Trade paperback, 352 pages, ISBN 0-375-72662-4.
• Mark L. Taylor. The Executed God: The Way of the Cross in Lockdown America. Augsburg Fortress Publishers, 2001. ISBN 0-8006-3283-4.
• Wil S. Hylton. "Sick on the Inside: Correctional HMOs and the coming prison plague". Harper's Magazine, August 2003.
• World Prison Population List (fourth edition) UK Home Office, 2003. ISSN 1473-8406
• Dillon, Read & Co. Inc. and the Aristocracy of Prison Profits

Michel Foucault (October 15, 1926 – June 25, 1984) was a French philosopher who held a chair at the Collège de France, which he gave the title The History of Systems of Thought. ... Discipline and Punish (subtitled The Birth of the Prison) is a book written by the philosopher Michel Foucault. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian Пётр Алексе́евич Кропо́ткин) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Cover of Soledad Brother George Jackson (September 23, 1941 – August 21, 1971) was a Black American militant who became a member of the Black Panther Party while in prison, where he spent the last 12 years of his life. ... The modern concept of Small Office and Home Office or SoHo , or Small or Home Office deals with the category of business which can be from 1 to 10 workers. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Prisons

• About Corrections Officers
• International Centre for Prison Studies at King's College London
• Marshalsea Prison and Charles Dickens
• The 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica entry for "prison"
• Prison Literacy Programs
• Correctional Education and the Community College
• Prison Talk Online (Live Community dealing with everything relating to prison in the United States & Other countries. Very Active!)
• Pictures and Stories from an Iowa Prison
• Prison Scene
• Innocent In Prison Project
• International PEN - Writers in Prison Committee
• Foreignprisoners.com, for those imprisoned out-of-country
• Yahoo article on women imprisonment
• Waiting for Mommy A study of the effects of a mother's incarceration on her children

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Wikimedia Commons logo by Reid Beels The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Kings College London was founded in 1829 and received its royal charter that same year, making it Englands third oldest university institution (predated only by the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge). ...

Prisoner pen-pal services

(As of 2005, there were more than 36 such services for U.S. prisoners alone.) 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ...

• Americuz Lost Angelz - Prison Thug Pen Pals
• BlackTrump4life.com - Extensive list of Prison Pen Pals. Free to write and send money. Also, free addresses.
• Rules for writing to prisoners
• Death row penpals
• Tips on writing to Prisoner Penpals
• Inmate Connection -penpal service for prisoners
• More do's/don'ts for writing to prisoners
• Prisonmail: E-mail to mail service for families & friends of prisoners
• Meet-An-Inmate.Com US penpal service
• PrisonerLife US penpal service
• WriteAPrisoner.com US penpal service
• Writeaprisoner.com