Criminology and Penology Theories Anomie Differential Association Theory Deviance Labeling Theory Rational Choice Theory Social Control Theory Social Disorganization Theory Social Learning Theory Strain Theory Subcultural Theory Symbolic Interactionism · Victimology Types of crimes Blue-collar crime · Corporate crime Juvenile crime Organized crime Political crime · Public order crime Public order case law in the U.S. State crime · State-corporate crime White-collar crime · Victimless crime Plaid-collar crime Penology Deterrence · Prison Prison reform · Prisoner abuse Prisoners' rights · Rehabilitation Recidivism · Retribution Utilitarianism Criminal justice portal See also: Wikibooks:Social Deviance This box: view • talk • edit

Prisoner abuse is the mistreatment of persons while they are under arrest or incarcerated. Abuse falling into this category includes: Image File history File links Scale_of_justice. ... Criminology is the scientific study of crime as an individual and social phenomenon. ... Penology (from the Latin poena, punishment) comprises penitentiary science: that concerned with the processes devised and adopted for the punishment, repression, and prevention of crime, and the treatment of prisoners. ... Anomie, in contemporary English, means a condition or malaise in individuals, characterized by an absence or diminution of standards or values. ... In criminology, Differential Association is a theory developed by Edwin Sutherland proposing that through interaction with others, individuals learn the values, attitudes, techniques, and motives for criminal behavior. ... Deviant redirects here. ... It has been suggested that Labelling be merged into this article or section. ... In criminology, the Rational Choice Theory adopts a Utilitarian belief that man is a reasoning actor who weighs means and ends, costs and benefits, and makes a rational choice. ... In criminology, Social Control Theory as represented in the work of Travis Hirschi fits into the Positivist School, Neo-Classical School, and, later, Right Realism. ... In criminology, the Social Disorganization Theory was one of the most important theories developed by the Chicago School, related to ecological theories. ... For the article on social learning theory in psychology and education see social cognitivism. ... In criminology, the Strain Theories state that social structures within society may encourage citizens to commit crime. ... In criminology, Subcultural Theory emerged from the work of the Chicago School on gangs and developed into a set of theories arguing that certain groups or subcultures in society have values and attitudes that are conducive to crime and violence. ... Symbolic interactionism is a sociological perspective which examines how individuals and groups interact, focusing on the creation of personal identity through interaction with others. ... Victimology is the study of why certain people are victims of crime and how lifestyles affect the chances that a certain person will fall victim to a crime. ... In criminology, blue-collar crime is any crime committed by an individual from a lower social class as opposed to white-collar crime which is associated with crime committed by individuals of a higher social class. ... In criminology, corporate crime refers to crimes either committed by a corporation, i. ... Juvenile delinquency refers to criminal acts performed by juveniles. ... Organized crime or criminal organizations are groups or operations run by criminals, most commonly for the purpose of generating a monetary profit. ... In the standard sense of the phrase, a political crime is an action deemed illegal by a government in order to control real or imagined threats to its survival, at the expense of a range of human rights and freedoms. ... In criminology public order crime is defined by Siegel (2004) as ...crime which involves acts that interfere with the operations of society and the ability of people to function efficiently, i. ... In criminology, public order crime case law in the United States is essential to understanding how the courts interpret the policy of laws where the moral and social order of the state appears to be threatened by clearly identified behavior. ... In criminology, state crime is activity or failures to act that break the states own criminal law or public international law. ... In criminology, the concept of state-corporate crime refers to crimes that result from the relationship between the policies of the state and the policies and practices of commercial corporations. ... Within the field of criminology, white-collar crime or incorporated governance has been defined by Edwin Sutherland ...as a crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation. ... Victimless crime has the following applications: A victimless crime is one in which the victim is the accused. ... Although plaid-collar crime (Rural Commodity Theft) isnt a recognised criminal exercise, it has become increasingly evident in the farming communities of the United States. ... Deterrence is a theory of justice whereby the aim of punishment is to prevent or deter future mischief. ... Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system. ... The movement for Prisoners rights is based on the principle that prisoners, even though they are deprived of liberty, are still entitled to basic human rights. ... This theory of punishment is based on the notion that punishment is to be inflicted on a offender so as to reform him, or rehabilitate him so as to make his re-integration into society easier. ... This article is about recidivism in criminology and penology. ... Retributive justice maintains that proportionate punishment is a morally acceptable response to crime, regardless of whether the punishment causes any tangible benefits. ... This article discusses utilitarian ethical theory. ...

• Physical abuse: Needless beating, hitting, or other Corporal punishment.
• Psychological abuse: Taunting, sleep deprivation, or other forms of psychological abuse, occasionally white noise
• Sexual abuse: Forced intercourse, genital mutilation, or other forms of Sexual abuse.
• Other abuse: Refusal of essential medication, humiliation, etc.
• Torture: any act by which severe pain, whether physical or psychological, is intentionally inflicted

Corporal punishment is forced pain intended to change a persons behaviour or to punish them. ... Sleep deprivation is a general lack of the necessary amount of sleep. ... Psychological abuse refers to the humiliation or intimidation of another person, but is also used to refer to the long-term effects of emotional shock. ... Calculated spectrum of a generated approximation of white noise White noise is a random signal (or process) with a flat power spectral density. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Torture, according to international law, is any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has... Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhē, spirit, soul; λόγος, logos, knowledge) is both an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior. ...

Psychological abuse

White noise 

The endless playingw of random static (similar to that of unused TV frequencies) with no pattern; this can cause insanity and mental disorders.

Taunting 

Needless insults and profanity to prisoners to gain a feeling of superiority by any figure of authority.

Enablement of Sexual Predators 

Prisoner are sometimes purposefully housed with known rapists of other prisoners by prison guards-or protection from known rapists is purposefuly withheld. These practices create a very high incidence of rape in US prisons. This was the topic of the 2001 report No Escape from Human Right Watch.