NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Procaine

Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. It is used primarily to reduce the pain of intramuscular injection of penicillin, and is also used in dentistry. Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain, procaine is sometimes referred to generically as novocaine or novacaine. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... A local anesthetic is a drug that reversibly inhibits the propagation of signals along nerves. ... In chemistry, especially in organic chemistry and biochemistry, an amino group is an ammonia-like functional group. ... General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Intramuscular injection is the injection of a substance directly into a muscle. ... Penicillin nucleus Penicillin (sometimes abbreviated PCN) refers to a group of Î²-lactam antibiotics used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... A trade name, also known as a trading name or a business name, is the legal name of a business, or the name which a business trades under for commercial purposes. ...

Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, and was the first injectable man-made local anesthetic used. It was created by the German chemist Albert Einhorn (1857–1917) who gave the chemical the trade name Novocaine, from the Latin Novus (meaning New) and caine, a common ending for alkaloids used as anesthetics. It was introduced into medical use by surgeon Heinrich Braun (1862–1934). Alfred Einhorn (1856 â€“ 1917) was a German chemist most notable for first synthesizing procaine in 1905 which he patented under the name Novocain. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Procaine is used less frequently today since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (xylocaine) exist. Prior to the discovery of procaine, cocaine was the most commonly used local anesthetic. Procaine (like cocaine) has the advantage of constricting blood vessels, which reduces bleeding, unlike other local anesthetics like lidocaine, and without the euphoric and addictive qualities of cocaine. Look up hypoallergenic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Lidocaine (INN) (IPA: ) or lignocaine (former BAN) (IPA: ) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. ... Cocaine (see also: crack) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... Lidocaine (INN) (IPA: ) or lignocaine (former BAN) (IPA: ) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. ...

Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to PABA. About 1 in 3000 people have an atypical form of pseudocholinesterase, which doesn't hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine, resulting in a prolonged period of high levels of the anesthetic in the blood and increased toxicity. General formula of a carboxylate ester. ... Categories: Biochemistry stubs | EC 3. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical reaction or process in which a chemical compound reacts with water. ... 4-Aminobenzoic acid (also known as para-aminobenzoic acid or PABA) is an organic compound with the molecular formula C7H7NO2. ... It has been suggested that Renal anomalies and Renal plasma threshold be merged into this article or section. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ...

Procaine is the primary ingredient in the controversial preparation Gerovital H3, which is claimed by its advocates to remedy many effects of aging. The mainstream medical view is that these claims were seriously studied and discredited in the 1960s. Gerovital H3 is a controversial preparation, developed during the 1950s in Romania by Dr. Ana Aslan (1896?–May 20, 1988) It was and is promoted by its advocates as an effective anti-aging treatment. ...

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Local anesthetics (N01B)

Articaine, Benzocaine, Bupivacaine, Chloroprocaine, Cocaine, Etidocaine, Hexylcaine, Iontocaine, Lidocaine, Levobupivacaine, Lidocaine/prilocaine, Mepivacaine, Prilocaine, Procaine, Ropivacaine, Tetracaine A local anesthetic is a drug that reversibly inhibits the propagation of signals along nerves. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... SeptocaineÂ® is a branded dental local anesthetic manufactured and distributed by Septodont. ... Benzocaine is a local anesthetic commonly used as a topical pain reliever. ... Bupivacaine is a local anesthetic. ... Chloroprocaine hydrochloride (NesacaineÂ®, Nesacaine-MPFÂ®) is a local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery. ... Cocaine (see also: crack) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... Etidocaine, marketed under the trade name Duranest, is a local anesthetic given by injection during surgical procedures and labor and delivery. ... Hexylcaine hydrochloride, also called cyclaine (Merck) or osmocaine, is a short-acting local anesthetic. ... Iontocaine, known by the brand name Numby, is local anesthetic administered via iontophoresis through the skin. ... Lidocaine (INN) (IPA: ) or lignocaine (former BAN) (IPA: ) is a common local anesthetic and antiarrhythmic drug. ... Levobupivacaine (rINN) (IPA: ) is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. ... Lidocaine/prilocaine is a eutectic mixture of equal quantities (by weight) of lidocaine and prilocaine. ... Mepivacaine (IPA: ) is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. ... Chemical structure of prilocaine Prilocaine (IPA: ) is a local anesthetic of the amino amide type. ... Ropivacaine (1-propyl-2â€™,6â€™-pipecoloxylidide; NaropinÂ®) is a long-acting local anesthetic given by injection to reduce the sensation of pain. ... A topical eye anesthetic is a topical anesthetic that is used to numb the surface of the eye. ...