Professional fraternities, in the North American fraternity system, are organizations whose membership is restricted to students and faculty members in a particular field of professional education. Within that field, their membership is exclusive; however, they may initiate members who belong to other types of fraternities. The terms fraternity and sorority (from the Latin words and , meaning brother and sister respectively) may be used to describe many social and charitable organizations, for example the Lions Club, Epsilon Sigma Alpha, Rotary International, Optimist International, or the Shriners. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

Professional fraternities are often confused with honor societies because of their focus on a specific disciple. Professional fraternities are actually significantly different from honor societies in that honor societies are associations designed to provide recognition of the past achievement of those who are invited to membership. Honor society membership, in most cases, requires no period of pledging, and new members can be immediately inducted into membership after meeting predetermined academic criteria and paying a one time membership fee. Because of their purpose of recognition, most honor societies will have much higher academic achievement requirements for membership. Professional fraternities, on the other hand, work to build brotherhood among members and cultivate the strengths of members in order to serve the community and provide assistance to one another in their mutual areas of professional study. Membership in a professional fraternity is generally the result of lengthy pledge process, much like any other social fraternity; and members are expected to remain loyal and active in the organization for life. A few groups, such as Phi Sigma Pi, are considered to be both a fraternity and an honors organization. These organizations require higher GPAs, like an honor society, but operate as a brotherhood like a traditional professional fraternity. In the USA, an honor society (or honour society) is an organization of rank, the induction into which recognizes excellence among ones peers. ... While the terms fraternity and sorority may be used to describe any number of social and charitable organizations, including the Lions Club, Epsilon Sigma Alpha, International and the Shriners, fraternities and sororities are most commonly known as social organizations of higher education students in the United States and Canada, though... Phi Sigma Pi (ΦΣΠ) is a national coeducational honor fraternity. ...

History

The first professional fraternity was founded at Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky in 1819: the Kappa Lambda Society of Aesculapius, established for the purpose of bringing together students of the medical profession. The fraternity lasted until about 1858. Transylvania University is a private liberal arts college related by covenant to the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) located in Lexington, Kentucky, with approximately 1,100 students. ... Nickname: Location in the Commonwealth of Kentucky Coordinates: , Country United States State Kentucky Counties Fayette Government  - Mayor Jim Newberry (D) Area  - City  285. ... 1819 common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Of the professional fraternities still in existence, the oldest is Phi Delta Phi law fraternity, founded at the University of Michigan in 1869. There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (U of M, U-M or simply Michigan) is a coeducational public research university in the state of Michigan, and one of the foremost universities in the United States. ... 1869 (MDCCCLXIX) is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar. ...

Title IX Applied to Professional Fraternities

While nearly all professional fraternities are now required by federal law (commonly referred to as "Title IX," enacted in 1972) to be co-ed, several still restrict membership to only men or only women. Because the primary goal of professional fraternities is to prepare students to be leaders in specific professions, and to advance the interests of those professions, under Title IX, it would be considered discrimination to limit such opportunities to one sex, and federal funding could be withheld from any institution that discriminates on the basis of sex. The few professional fraternities that have remained single sex have been allowed to do so because they have defined themselves primarily as general social fraternities, while still retaining their focus on a specific professional discipline. Department of Education regulations adopted pursuant to Title IX allow such an exception for "the membership practices of social fraternities and sororities." (34 C.F.R. Sec. 106.14(a)).^[1] Examples of professional groups that have been granted exception to remain single sex because of their social focus include Alpha Gamma Rho, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia, and Sigma Alpha Iota. Alpha Gamma Rho (ΑΓΡ) is a social-professional fraternity in the United States, with over 65 university chapters. ... Phi Mu Alpha (ΦΜΑ) Sinfonia is a collegiate social fraternity for men of musicianly character. ... Sigma Alpha Iota (ΣΑΙ) is a music fraternity for women. ...

Umbrella Organizations

Most major professional fraternities are members of the Professional Fraternity Association. This group resulted in 1978 from a merger of the Professional Interfraternity Conference (PIC) (for men's groups) and the Professional Panhellenic Association (PPA) (for women's groups). PFA The Professional Fraternity Association (or PFA), is an association of collegiate professional fraternities that was formed 1978. ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ...

List of professional fraternities

Agriculture

• ΑΖ - Alpha Zeta - Agriculture
• ΑΓΡ - Alpha Gamma Rho - Agriculture, exclusively male
• ΣΑ - Sigma Alpha - Agriculture, exclusively female

Alpha Zeta is a professional fraternity for students and industry professionals in the agriculture and natural resources fields. ... Alpha Gamma Rho (ΑΓΡ) is a social-professional fraternity in the United States, with over 65 university chapters. ... Sigma Alpha is a professional agricultural sorority that promotes scholarship, leadership, service and fellowship among its members. ...

Architecture

• ΑΡΧ - Alpha Rho Chi - Architecture
• Scarab - Architecture

Alpha Rho Chi (ΑΡΧ) is a professional fraternity for students studying architecture. ... Section of the dome of Florence Cathedral. ... Section of the dome of Florence Cathedral. ...

Business

• ΑΚΨ - Alpha Kappa Psi - Business
• ΓΙΣ - Gamma Iota Sigma - Insurance, Risk Management, Actuary Science
• ΔΣΠ - Delta Sigma Pi - Business
• ΠΣΕ - Pi Sigma Epsilon - Sales and Marketing
• ΡΕ - Rho Epsilon - Real Estate
• ΣΙΕ - Sigma Iota Epsilon- National Honorary and Professional Management Fraternity
• ΦΓΝ - Phi Gamma Nu - Business
• ΦΧΘ - Phi Chi Theta - Business

ΑΚΨ (Alpha Kappa Psi) is a co-ed professional business fraternity. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... Gamma Iota Sigma (GIS) is a college academic fraternity, founded on April 16, 1966 at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. ... Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. ... For non-business risks, see risk or the disambiguation page risk analysis. ... Damage from Hurricane Katrina. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... Real estate is a legal term that encompasses land along with anything permanently affixed to the land, such as buildings. ... Sigma Iota Epsilon is a National Honorary and Professional Management Fraternity. ... Phi Gamma Nu is a national professional fraternity with the intent to prepare its members for professional endeavors in a business workplace. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ... ΦΧΘ (Phi Chi Theta) is a co-ed professional business and economics fraternity. ... Wall Street, Manhattan is the location of the New York Stock Exchange and is often used as a symbol for the world of business. ...

Engineering

• ΑΩΕ - Alpha Omega Epsilon - Engineering
• ΘΤ - Theta Tau - Engineering
• ΣΦΔ - Sigma Phi Delta - Computer Science and Engineering
• ΦΛ - Phi Lambda - Computer Science and Engineering

Alpha Omega Epsilon is a professional and social sorority composed of female engineering students and alumnae. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... ΘΤ (Theta Tau) Fraternity was founded in 1904 by four engineering students at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... ΣΦΔ (Sigma Phi Delta) is an international social-professional engineering fraternity. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ...

Law

• ΔΘΦ - Delta Theta Phi - Law
• ΦΑΔ - Phi Alpha Delta — Law
• ΦΔΦ - Phi Delta Phi - Law

Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... ΦAΔ (Phi Alpha Delta), or PAD, is the largest co-ed professional law fraternity in the United States of America. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... Lady Justice or Justitia is a personification of the moral force that underlies the legal system (particularly in Western art). ...

Medicine

• AΓK - Alpha Gamma Kappa - Podiatry
• ΑΤΔ - Alpha Tau Delta - Nursing
• ΑΩ - Alpha Omega - Dentistry
• BΣ - Beta Sigma - Medicine
• ΔΕΜ - Delta Epsilon Mu - Health
• ΔΣΔ - Delta Sigma Delta - Dentistry
• ΚΓΔ - Kappa Gamma Delta - Medicine
• ΚΕ - Kappa Epsilon - Pharmacy
• KTE - Kappa Tau Epsilon - Podiatry
• ΚΨ - Kappa Psi - Pharmacy
• ΜΣΦ - Mu Sigma Phi - University of the Philippines Medicine
• ΣΜΔ - Sigma Mu Delta - Medicine
• ΣфХ -Sigma Phi Chi- Chiropractic womens professional sorority
• ΦΑΣ - Phi Alpha Sigma - Medicine
• ΦΔΕ - Phi Delta Epsilon - Medicine
• ΦΔΧ - Phi Delta Chi - Pharmacy
• ΦKM - Phi Kappa Mu - Medicine - University of the Philippines
• ΦΡΣ - Phi Rho Sigma - Medicine
• ΦΧ - Phi Chi - Medicine
• ΩΤΣ - Omega Tau Sigma - Veterinary Medicine

Podiatry, a field of healthcare, is devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and sometimes knee, leg, and hip (collectively known as the lower extremity). ... Nursing is a profession focused on assisting individuals, families, and communities in attaining, re-attaining, and maintaining optimal health and functioning. ... Alpha Omega (ΑΩ) is a professional Jewish dental fraternity and the oldest international dental organization. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... The Beta Sigma Fraternity, formed in 1922 by nine men, is a college fraternity located exclusively at Grove City College. ... medicines, see Medication. ... ΔΕΜ (Delta Epsilon Mu), commonly nicknamed DEM, is a Professional fraternity for male and Female college students in the United States who are interested or currently studying in the pre-health field . ... Delta Sigma Delta is the oldest international professional dental fraternity. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... Kappa Gamma Delta (ΚΓΔ) is a professional college sorority for women studying medicine and related professions. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Kappa Epsilon (KΕ) is a professional pharmacy fraternity founded by Zada M. Cooper on May 13, 1921. ... For other uses, see Pharmacy (disambiguation). ... Podiatry, a field of healthcare, is devoted to the study and treatment of disorders of the foot, ankle, and sometimes knee, leg, and hip (collectively known as the lower extremity). ... The Coat-of-Arms of Kappa Psi Kappa Psi (ΚΨ) is the largest and oldest professional pharmaceutical college fraternity in the world. ... For other uses, see Pharmacy (disambiguation). ... Mu Sigma Phi (founded October, 1933) is the first medical fraternity in the Philippines and in Asia. ... Sigma Mu Delta (ΣΜΔ) is a premedical fraternity founded at University of California, Davis, in 1994 and has over 125 initiated members between both chapters. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Chiropractic (from Greek cheira and praktikos meaning manipulate by hand) is a health care profession whose purpose is to diagnose and treat mechanical disorders of the spine and musculoskeletal system with the intention of affecting the nervous system and improving health. ... medicines, see Medication. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Phi Delta Chi (ΦΔΧ) Pharmacy Fraternity was founded on 2 November 1883 at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor by 11 men, led by Dean Albert B. Prescott. ... For other uses, see Pharmacy (disambiguation). ... The Phi Kappa Mu Seal: A seven-cornered golden sunburst with the name of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine, the Cadeuseus, its founding year-1933 are above and below the greek letters ΦKM The Phi Kappa Mu Fraternity is a medical fraternity founded in August 1933 in... medicines, see Medication. ... medicines, see Medication. ... Veterinary medicine is the application of medical, diagnostic, and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. ...

Military, Government, & Foreign Service

• ΔΟΣ - Delta Omicron Sigma - Military veterans
• ΔΦΕ - Delta Phi Epsilon - Foreign Service
• Scabbard and Blade - Military

Delta Omicron Sigma is a national veterans fraternity based in the US. Membership is open to all honorably discharged military veterans, current and discharged reservists, National Guard, and Coast Guard. ... Former crewmembers of the battleship Missouri pose for photos shortly after the Anniversary of the End of World War II ceremony, held aboard the famous ship. ... Delta Phi Epsilon (ΔΦΕ) is the name given to several college fraternities and sororities. ... The United States Foreign Service is a personnel system established under the Foreign Service Act. ...

Music

• ΔΟ - Delta Omicron - Music
• ΚΚΨ - Kappa Kappa Psi - Band
• ΜΦΕ - Mu Phi Epsilon - Music
• ΣΑΙ - Sigma Alpha Iota - Music, exclusively female
• ΤΒΣ - Tau Beta Sigma - Band
• ΦΜΑ - Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia - Music, exclusively male

Delta Omicron was founded to create and foster fellowship, to develop character and to arouse and encourage the appreciation of good music and performance among musicians during their student days so that the highest degree of musicianship might be attained individually. ... // Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. ... Kappa Kappa Psi is a national honorary band fraternity dedicated to serving college and university bands. ... Band may mean: A musical band A band (electronics) is a range of frequencies or wavelengths between two given limits In anthropology, a band society A Rubber band In solid-state physics, an energy band The Band, a particular musical band See also: bandana This is a disambiguation page — a... Mu Phi Epsilon (ΜΦΕ) is a co-ed international professional music fraternity and honor society. ... // Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. ... Sigma Alpha Iota (ΣΑΙ) is a music fraternity for women. ... // Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. ... Tau Beta Sigma is a co-educational national honorary band sorority dedicated to serving college and university bands. ... Band may mean: A musical band A band (electronics) is a range of frequencies or wavelengths between two given limits In anthropology, a band society A Rubber band In solid-state physics, an energy band The Band, a particular musical band See also: bandana This is a disambiguation page — a... Phi Mu Alpha (ΦΜΑ) Sinfonia is a collegiate social fraternity for men of musicianly character. ... // Music is an art form consisting of sound and silence expressed through time. ...

Service

• AIO - Alpha Iota Omicron - Networking/Community Service
• ΑΦΩ - Alpha Phi Omega - Community Service

Alpha Iota Omicron National Fraternity, Inc. ... Alpha Phi Omega (commonly known as APO, but also ΑΦΩ, A-Phi-O, and A-Phi-Q) is a co-ed service fraternity organized to provide community service, leadership development, [1] and social opportunities to college students. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Other

• ΑEΖ - Alpha Epsilon Zeta - South Asian Professional
• ΑΕΡ - Alpha Epsilon Rho - Broadcasting
• ΑΗΡ - Alpha Eta Rho - Aviation
• ΑΧΣ - Alpha Chi Sigma - Chemistry
• ΓΕΤ - Gamma Epsilon Tau - Printing and Digital Media
• ΖΦΗ - Zeta Phi Eta - Communication arts & sciences
• ΛΑ - Lambda Alpha - Anthropology
• ΛΚΣ - Lambda Kappa Sigma - Pharmacology for women
• ΡΠΦ - Rho Pi Phi - Pharmacology
• ΦΑΤ - Phi Alpha Tau - Communicative Arts
• ΦΑΘ - Phi Alpha Theta - History
• ΦΒ - Phi Beta - Creative and Performing Arts
• ΦΣΠ - Phi Sigma Pi - National Honor Fraternity

Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ... Alpha Eta Rho (ΑΗΡ) is an international professional college aviation fraternity that serves as a contact between the aviation industry and educational institutions to foster, promote, and mentor todays college students towards successful careers in any aviation field. ... Aviation refers to flying using aircraft, machines designed by humans for atmospheric flight. ... Alpha Chi Sigma (ΑΧΣ) is a professional fraternity specializing in the field of chemistry. ... Chemistry - the study of interactions of chemical substances with one another and energy based on the structure of atoms, molecules and other kinds of aggregrates Chemistry (from Egyptian kēme (chem), meaning earth[1]) is the science concerned with the reactions, transformations and aggregations of matter, as well as accompanying... Communication is a process that allows beings - in particular humans - to exchange information by several methods. ... Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθρωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the study of humanity. ... ΛKΣ (Lambda Kappa Sigma) headquartered in Muskego, Wisconsin is an international pharmacy fraternity founded in 1913 by Ethel J. Heath and eight other female students at Massachusetts College of Pharmacy. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and lego (λέγω) to tell (about)) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... Rho Pi Phi International Fraternity(ΡΠΦ) is a co-ed professional fraternity that dedicates itself to the profession of pharmacy. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmakon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and lego (λέγω) to tell (about)) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... This article or section contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Phi Alpha Theta is an American honor society for undergraduate students, graduate students, and professors of history. ... The title page to The Historians History of the World. ... Phi Beta Fraternity: National Professional Association for the Creative and Performing Arts is an American national professional college fraternity for the creative and performing arts. ... The performing arts are those forms of art which differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artists own body, face and presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some... Phi Sigma Pi (ΦΣΠ) is a national coeducational honor fraternity. ...

External links

• Greekopedia: A wiki for Fraternities and Sororities
• Professional Fraternity Association webpage

References

1. ^ "[1] Code of Federal Regulations, PART 106: NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF SEX IN EDUCATION PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE