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The Progressive Party of Canada was a political party in Canada in the 1920s and 1930s. It was linked with the provincial United Farmers parties in several provinces and, in Manitoba, ran candidates and formed governments as the Progressive Party of Manitoba. The United Farmers movement in Canada rose to prominence after World War I with the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. ...
The Progressive Party of Manitoba was a political party that developed from the United Farmers of Manitoba, an agrarian movement that became politically active following World War I. A successor to the provinces Grain Growers Association, the UFM represented the interests of farmers frustrated with traditional political parties. ...
History
Origins The origins of the Progressive Party can, in many ways, be traced to the politics of compromise under Prime Minister Sir Wilfrid Laurier. The most important issue to farmers in western Canada at the time was free trade with the United States. The National Policy implemented by Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald in the 1890s forced farmers to pay higher prices for equipment, and to sell their produce for less. After World War I, however, neither of the major political parties supported free trade. The Prime Ministers of Canada While there is a long standard tradition of considering John A. Macdonald Canadas first Prime Minister, since he was prime minister after Canadian Confederation, a number of modern scholars, foremost amongst them John Ralston Saul, argue that Robert Baldwin and Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine are...
Jump to: navigation, search Laurier re-directs here. ...
Free trade is an economic concept referring to the selling of products between countries without tariffs or other trade barriers. ...
The National Policy was a Canadian economic program introduced by John A. Macdonalds Conservative Party in 1879 after it returned to power. ...
The Right Honourable Sir John Alexander Macdonald, KCMG, GCB, QC, PC (January 11, 1815 – June 6, 1891) was the first Prime Minister of Canada from July 1, 1867 – November 5, 1873 and October 17, 1878 – June 6, 1891. ...
Jump to: navigation, search World War I was primarily a European conflict with many facets: immense human sacrifice, stalemate trench warfare, and the use of new, devastating weapons - tanks, aircraft, machineguns, and poison gas. ...
Western Canada at the turn of the century began to receive an influx of radical political ideas. From the United States, came Progressivism and the Non-Partisan League. From Britain, the new immigrants brought Fabian socialism. This mix of ideology and discontent led to much discussion of forming an independent party, especially in the "Grain Growers Guide", a magazine of the day. The first organizations of agricultural protest were the farmers’ organizations such as the Manitoba Grain Growers Association and the United Farmers of Alberta. Progressivism or political progressivism is any of several historically related political philosophies or political ideologies. ...
The Non-Partisan League was a political organization that was founded in 1915 in the United States by socialist A. C. Townley. ...
The Fabian Society is a British socialist intellectual movement best known for its initial ground-breaking work beginning in the late 19th century and then up to World War I. Similar societies exist in Australia and New Zealand. ...
The United Farmers of Alberta was founded in 1909 as a lobby organization representing the interests of farmers. ...
The Progressive Party was founded in 1920 by Thomas Crerar, a former Minister of Agriculture in the Unionist government of Robert Borden. Crerar quit the Borden cabinet in 1919 because Minister of Finance Thomas White introduced a budget that did not pay sufficient attention to farmers' issues. Crerar became the first leader of the Progressive Party, and led it to win 65 seats in the 1921 general election. Thomas Alexander Crerar (June 17, 1876-April 11, 1975) was a western Canadian politician and a leader of the short lived Progressive Party of Canada. ...
In the Cabinet of Canada, The Minister of Agriculture is responsible for overseeing the federal governments agriculture department, currently known as Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. ...
The Unionist Party was formed in 1917 by Members of Parliament (MPs) in Canada who supported the Union government formed by Sir Robert Borden during World War I. In May 1917, Conservative Prime Minister Borden proposed the formation of a national unity government or coalition government to Liberal leader Sir...
Sir Robert Laird Borden (June 26, 1854–June 10, 1937) was the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920. ...
In the 1921 Canadian federal election, the Canada through the First World War was defeated and replaced by a Liberal government under the young leader William Lyon Mackenzie King. ...
Elected to Office Traditionally, the Progressive Party has been viewed as a western protest party, but some now contest this. It is certain that its core of support was western. But as the 1921 election shows, the Progressives began life as a truly national movement. The Progressives won 24 of the 81 House of Commons seats in Ontario. At the time, the party viewed this as a disappointing result. The Progressives received significant support in the Maritimes provinces as well, but only one seat in New Brunswick. At the provincial level, farmers' parties became significant presences in both Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. Jump to: navigation, search The House of Commons (French: Chambre des communes) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, which also includes the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the Senate. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Motto: Spem reduxit (Hope was restored) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Fredericton Largest city Saint John Lieutenant Governor Herménégilde Chiasson Premier Bernard Lord (PC) Area 72 908 km² (8th) • Land 71 450 km² • Water 1 458 km² (2. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant Governor Myra Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Area 55,283 km² (12th) • Land 53,338 km² • Water 1,946 km² (3. ...
By taking a very decentralized approach, the Progressive Party copied the method used in the United States to build a national party in the U.S. Congress. Crerar was not the national leader of the party, but only the parliamentary leader. The media regarded him as the leading spokesman of the party, although he had no official position outside of parliament. The party also had no national organization relying instead on the Canadian Council of Agriculture to provide some degree of national structure. Each candidate was free to promote any policies they desired. Support for reforming the National Policy was a common denominator, but even this was not universal within the party. The Progressives can barely even be called a party, and many have argued that the term "Progressive Movement" is perhaps more apt.
In the 1921 election, the Liberal Party of Canada won the largest number of seats, and formed a minority government. The Progressives were divided over what to do, however. A significant group of ex-Liberals, including Crerar, supported forming a coalition government with the Liberals. This was resisted both by Montreal interests in the Liberal Party and the radical Progressives. The radical Progressives, who were followers of Henry Wise Wood of the UFA, supported a very different strategy. They wished to remain a decentralized party with each member simply representing his constituents. The two groups agreed to refuse the position of Official Opposition, normally accorded to the party with the second largest number of seats , and this was passed on to the third-largest party, the Conservative Party. Jump to: navigation, search The Liberal Party of Canada (French: Parti libéral du Canada) is Canadas current governing political party. ...
For minority régime, see Apartheid. ...
A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a cabinet in parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate. ...
Jump to: navigation, search City motto: Concordia Salus (Latin: Well-being through harmony) Province Quebec Mayor Gérald Tremblay Area - % water 500. ...
Henry Wise Wood (May 31, 1860-June 10, 1941) was born in Missouri but in 1905 moved to Alberta and became president of the United Farmers of Alberta. ...
Her Majestys Loyal Opposition in Canada is usually the largest parliamentary opposition party in the Canadian House of Commons. ...
Demise Crerar attempted to introduce certain attributes of a standard party to the Progressives, including Parliamentary Whips and a national party organization. These efforts were resisted, however, and in 1922, Crerar resigned as leader. He was replaced by Robert Forke, another ex-Liberal who agreed with Crerar on most issues. The Progressives proved unsuccessful in Parliament, and lost much of their moderate support in eastern Canada. While in the 1921 election Crerar had toured the entire nation, Forke abandoned everything east of Manitoba. In the 1925 election, the Progressives lost almost all of their Ontario members, but were still moderately successful in the west. In politics, a whip is a member of a political party in a legislature whose task is to ensure that members of the party attend and vote as the party leadership desires. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Jump to: navigation, search Robert Forke Robert Forke (April 6, 1860 – February 2, 1934) was a Canadian politican. ...
In the 1925 Canadian federal election, William Lyon Mackenzie Kings Liberal Party formed a minority government. ...
This left the party dominated by the radical Alberta wing. Moderates like Forke returned to the Liberal party (as Liberal-Progressives), and the remaining Progressives reconstituted themselves as parliamentary representatives of the United Farmers of Alberta. Some of them continued to sit in Parliament until they were routed by the Social Credit Party of Canada in the election of 1935. Motto: Fortis et Liber (Strong and free) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Edmonton Largest city Calgary Lieutenant Governor Norman Kwong Premier Ralph Klein (PC) Area 661,848 km² (6th) Land 642,317 km² Water 19,531 km² (2. ...
Liberal-Progressive was a label used by a number of candidates in Canadian elections between 1926 and 1953. ...
The Social Credit Party of Canada was a conservative - populist political party in Canada that promoted social credit theories of monetary reform. ...
In the 1935 Canadian federal election, the Liberal Party of William Lyon Mackenzie King won a majority government, defeating R.B. Bennetts Conservative Party. ...
Ontario In Ontario, the United Farmers of Ontario formed government as a result of the 1919 provincial election with E.C. Drury as Premier. After the government's defeat in 1923 and the formal decision of the UFO to withdraw from electoral politics, most remaining UFO MPPs took to calling themselves "Progressives". In the 1934 provincial election the remaining Progressive MPPs under Harry Nixon ran as Liberal-Progressives in an alliance with the Ontario Liberal Party led by former UFO member Mitch Hepburn. The Liberal-Progressives subsequently joined the Liberal Party. Jump to: navigation, search Motto: Ut Incepit Fidelis Sic Permanet (Loyal she began, loyal she remains) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Toronto Largest city Toronto Lieutenant-Governor James K. Bartleman Premier Dalton McGuinty (Liberal) Area 1,076,395 km² (4th) • Land 917,741 km² • Water 158,654 km² (14. ...
The United Farmers of Ontario (UFO) were the Ontario section of the nation-wide United Farmers movement that arose in Canada in the early part of the 20th century. ...
The Ontario general election, 1919 was the fifteenth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. ...
Ernest Charles Drury (January 22, 1878-February 17, 1968) was a farmer, politician and writer who served as Premier of Ontario, Canada, from 1919 to 1923 as the head of a United Farmers of Ontario - Labour coalition government. ...
Dalton McGuinty The Premier of Ontario is the first minister for the Canadian province of Ontario. ...
The Ontario general election, 1923 was the sixteenth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. ...
The Ontario general election, 1934 was the nineteenth general election held in the Province of Ontario, Canada. ...
Harry Corwin Nixon (April 1, 1891-October 22, 1961) was a Canadian politician and briefly Premier of Ontario. ...
Liberal-Progressive was a label used by a number of candidates in Canadian elections between 1926 and 1953. ...
The Ontario Liberal Party is a centrist provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. ...
Mitchell Frederick Hepburn (August 12, 1896 - January 5, 1953) was Premier of Ontario from 1934 to 1942. ...
Manitoba The Progressive Party of Manitoba had merged with the Manitoba Liberal Party in the 1920s to form a Liberal-Progressive party there. Despite this, in 1942, Manitoba Premier John Bracken, a Progressive, was persuaded to become the leader of the national Conservative Party. As a condition of his accepting the leadership, the party's name was changed to Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. The Progressive Party of Canada, however, refused to disband, and ran its own candidates in the subsequent federal election against Bracken's Tories. The party's electoral fortunes continued to decline, and most Progressives ended up joining either the Liberal Party or the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF), rather than the renamed Progressive Conservatives. The Progressive Party of Manitoba was a political party that developed from the United Farmers of Manitoba, an agrarian movement that became politically active following World War I. A successor to the provinces Grain Growers Association, the UFM represented the interests of farmers frustrated with traditional political parties. ...
The Manitoba Liberal Party is a political party in Manitoba, Canada. ...
Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year. ...
The Honourable Professor John Bracken, PC (June 22, 1883-March 18, 1969) was an agronomist, Premier of Manitoba (1922-1943) and leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (1942-1948). ...
The name which emphasised a revitalised National Policy and links to Britain. ...
The Progressive Conservative Party of Canada (PC) was a Canadian centre-right conservative political party that existed from 1867 to 2003. ...
The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups as well as the League for Social Reconstruction. ...
Legacy After the collapse of the party, most Progressive voters returned to the Liberal Party. The Liberals had always viewed the Progressives as simply 'Liberals in a hurry', and for a large group of the party's supporters, this was true. The most important example of this return to the Liberals is T.A. Crerar, who served with the Liberals for decades, first as a cabinet minister and then as a Senator. The Senate (French: Sénat) is a component of the Parliament of Canada, which also includes the Sovereign (represented by the Governor General) and the House of Commons. ...
The more radical of the progressives split two ways. The Ginger Group split off in Parliament, and joined with the two sitting Labour MPs, eventually forming the CCF (the fore-runner of the modern New Democratic Party). A ginger group is a formal or informal grouping of people within a larger organisation that actively works for more radical change to the policies, practices or office-holders of the organisation, while still supporting the goals of the organisation. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The New Democratic Party (French: Nouveau Parti démocratique) is a left wing political party in Canada that advocates varying forms of socialism . ...
Other Progressives, especially the radical populists, would later turn towards Social Credit ideology, forming a definite line of western protest that continued to run through the Reform Party of Canada and the Canadian Alliance party. Both the CCF and Social Credit had its roots in the United Farmers movement, from which a large number of MLAs were elected in New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Manitoba, and which formed governments in Alberta, Ontario and Manitoba. in Manitoba, the United Farmers of Manitoba changed their name to the Progressive Party of Manitoba after coming to power in 1922. The Canadian social credit movement was a Canadian political movement originally based on the Social Credit theory of Major C. H. Douglas. ...
The Reform Party of Canada was a Canadian federal political party in the 1980s and 1990s. ...
The Canadian Alliance (in full, the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance) was a Canadian right_of_centre conservative political party that existed from 2000 to 2003. ...
The United Farmers movement in Canada rose to prominence after World War I with the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (One defends and the other conquers) Other Canadian provinces and territories Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant Governor Myra Freeman Premier John Hamm (PC) Area 55,283 km² (12th) • Land 53,338 km² • Water 1,946 km² (3. ...
The Progressive Party of Manitoba was a political party that developed from the United Farmers of Manitoba, an agrarian movement that became politically active following World War I. A successor to the provinces Grain Growers Association, the UFM represented the interests of farmers frustrated with traditional political parties. ...
It could be argued that the United Farmers parties were provincial wings of the federal Progressive Party. The Conservative Party received the least of the Progressive's spoils, inheriting only the name. More important than these effects on individual parties, the Progressive Party also had a great effect on Canada's governmental system -- it was the first successful example of a third party in Canada. Despite the Duverger's Law of political science, the Canadian Parliament has always had a third party present ever since. The Progressives served as both a model and a cautionary tale for those that followed after. Duvergers Law is a principle which asserts that a first-past-the-post election system naturally leads to a two-party system. ...
A cautionary tale is a traditional story told in folklore, to warn its hearer of a danger. ...
Party leaders Thomas Alexander Crerar (June 17, 1876-April 11, 1975) was a western Canadian politician and a leader of the short lived Progressive Party of Canada. ...
Jump to: navigation, search Robert Forke Robert Forke (April 6, 1860 – February 2, 1934) was a Canadian politican. ...
Historiography The study of the Progressive Party is almost wholly dominated by one author, W.L. Morton, whose 1950 book The Progressive Party in Canada won a Governor General's Award, and had been the principal text on the Progressive Party ever since. A great number of more recently published works on western politics cite only Morton’s book in their discussion of the Progressive Party. Morton, a Red Tory, wrote in the context of a seemingly spreading Social Credit movement. Morton’s book was the first in a series exploring the origins of the Social Credit movement. William Lewis Morton (December 13, 1908-December 7, 1980) was a noted Canadian historian who specialized in the development of the Canadian west. ...
Jump to: navigation, search 1950 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...
Since their creation in 1937, the Governor Generals Literary Awards have become one of Canadas most prestigious prizes, awarded in both French and English in seven categories: Fiction, Non-fiction, Poetry, Drama, Childrens Literature-Text, Childrens Literature-Illustration, and Translation. ...
Red Tory is a nickname given to a political tradition in Canadas conservative political parties. ...
See also The United Farmers movement in Canada rose to prominence after World War I with the failure of the wartime Union government to alter a tariff structure that hurt farmers, various farmers movements across Canada became more radical and entered the political arena. ...
There have been various groups in Canada who have nominated candidates under the label Labour Party or Independent Labour Party or other variations from the 1870s until the 1960s. ...
The Cooperative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) was a Canadian political party founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, farm, co-operative and labour groups as well as the League for Social Reconstruction. ...
Jump to: navigation, search The New Democratic Party (French: Nouveau Parti démocratique) is a left wing political party in Canada that advocates varying forms of socialism . ...
This article lists political parties in Canada. ...
External link - The Prairie Roots of Canada's Political 'Third Parties'
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