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The Progressive party is a right-wing Brazilian party embracing liberal-conservatism.
Though renamed several times, it is one of Brazil's oldest parties with a continuous history. The Party of the Brazilian Democratic Movement (PMDB) is the only other party with such a long continuous history (though it has also been renamed since its formation).
The Progressive Party was founded in 1965 by the newly-inaugurated military regime, to gather the supporters of the government. The party was then called ARENA (Aliança Renovadora Nacional; 'National Renewing Alliance'), and so was until 1979, when the pro-democratic reforms changed it to PDS (Partido Democrático Social; 'Social Democratic Party'). In the first free elections since the military dictatorship, in 1986, the Party was seriously defeated in the parliament and state governorships. Then it was renamed PP (Partido Progressista; 'Progressive Party') and soon later PPR (Partido Progressista Republicano; 'Republican Progressive Party') in 1991. Again the name was changed to PPB (Partido Progressista Brasileiro; 'Brazilian Progressive Party') and finally back to PP (Progressive Party) in 2003.
Its most well-known politicians are Paulo Maluf, mayor and governor of São Paulo for several terms; Esperidião Amin, former governor of Santa Catarina and senator; and Francisco Dornelles, former minister of Labor.
The party has from its very beginning shown a tendency for regional division, with the sections from Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states often threatening with secession, in part due to what is viewed by them as condescendence of the party's national direction towards members involved in corruption scandals, including Paulo Maluf (who has recently been discharged from his post as de facto leader of PP). The national orientation of the party has been one of close alliance with Lula's Workers' Party government (except on issues sensitive to the right wing core of PP, such as taxes), while the sections of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina once more show a defiant stance in aligning themselves more often with the opposition.
This law imposed stiffer criteria for the registration of new parties, stated that party switchers might lose their mandate, and established a "weak" threshold of 3 percent for proportional elections (parties with less than 3 percent of the valid vote would not be allowed to operate in Congress, but those elected would be seated).
The PRN (Party of National Reconstruction) was hastily organized by a questionable takeover of the Youth Party (Partido da Juventude--PJ) to launch the candidacy of Alagoas governor Fernando Collor de Mello, who had been elected by the PMDB in 1986, and had a brief flirtation with the PSDB in late 1988.
Parties nominally aligned with Collor had elected close to an absolute majority (252) of federal deputies, but because of low party loyalty and cohesion, the president had great difficulty passing his legislative agenda in 1991 (see table 24, Appendix).
The Progressive Renewal Party (Partido Progressista Renovador--PPR) was organized by the fusion of the PDS (Democratic Social Party) and the Christian Democratic Party (Partido Democrático Cristão--PDC) in April 1993.
The party was less successful in the congressional and gubernatorial elections in 1988 and 1990, but made a slight comeback in the 1992 municipal elections.
The Brazilian Labor Party (Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro--PTB), a pre-1964 leftist party, was resurrected as center-rightist in 1980.
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