In mathematics: The Proper (Latin proprium) is that part of the Christian liturgy that varies according to the date, either representing an observance within the Liturgical Year, or of a particular saint or significant event. ... // Partial list of Christian liturgies (past and present) Roman Catholic church (churches in communion with the Holy See of the Bishop of Rome) Latin Rite Novus Ordo Missae Tridentine Mass Anglican Use Mozarabic Rite Ambrosian Rite Gallican Rite Eastern Rite, e. ... The liturgical year, also known as the Christian year, consists of the cycle of liturgical seasons in some Christian churches which determines when Feasts, Memorials, Commemorations, and Solemnities are to be observed and which portions of Scripture are to be read. ... Euclid, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
it is also used to indicate a subspace or a subset is strictly smaller than its parent.
In physics: In mathematics, a continuous function between topological spaces is called proper if inverse images of compact subsets are compact. ... Topology (Greek topos, place and logos, study) is a branch of mathematics concerned with spatial properties preserved under bicontinuous deformation (stretching without tearing or gluing); these are the topological invariants. ... Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which, as the name suggests, combines abstract algebra, especially commutative algebra, with geometry. ... Proper in control theory Proper denotes a transfer function where the degree of the numerator does not exceed the degree of the denominator. ... For the application to living systems, see perceptual control theory. ... A Superconductor demonstrating the Meissner Effect. ...
a proper frame is such system of reference in which object is stationary (non moving). Sometimes also called a co-moving frame.
In conversation: Proper frame is the reference frame co-moving with an object. ...
a suffix-like designation indicating a more specific or strictly limited class of something (e.g., the town proper.)
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proper motion, in astronomy, apparent movement of a star on the celestial sphere, usually measured as seconds of arc per year; it is due both to the actual relative motions of the sun and the star through space.
Proper motion reflects only transverse motion, i.e., the component of motion across the line of sight to the star; it does not include the component of motion toward or away from the sun.
Proper motion was discovered in 1718 by Edmund Halley, who noticed that Sirius, Arcturus and Aldebaran were over half a degree away from the positions charted by the ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus roughly 1850 years earlier.
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