The Voting series:
|
 This series is part of the
Politics and the Election series Voting is a method of decision making where in a group such as a meeting or an electorate attempts to gauge its opinion—usually as a final step following discussions or debates. ...
Image File history File links Vote_icon. ...
Politics is the process by which groups make decisions. ...
An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ...
| | | | | Politics Portal · edit | Proportional approval voting (PAV) is a theoretical voting system for multiple-winner elections, in which each voter can vote for as many or as few candidates as the voter chooses. It was developed by Forest Simmons in 2001. Voting is a method of decision making where in a group such as a meeting or an electorate attempts to gauge its opinion—usually as a final step following discussions or debates. ...
A voting system is a means of choosing between a number of options, based on the input of a number of voters. ...
For the town in France, see Ballots, Mayenne. ...
There exist various methods through which the ballots cast at an election may be counted, prior to applying a voting system to obtain one or more winners. ...
On an approval ballot, the voter can vote for any number of candidates. ...
Bloc voting (or block voting) (also called Plurality-at-large) refers to a class of voting systems which can be used to elect several representatives from a single constituency. ...
The Borda count is a single winner election method in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. ...
Any election method conforming to the Condorcet criterion is known as a Condorcet method. ...
The Coombs method, created by Clyde Coombs, is a voting system used for single-winner elections in which each voter rank-orders the candidates. ...
Copelands method is a Condorcet method in which the winner is determined by finding the candidate with the most pairwise victories. ...
A points method ballot design like this one is the most common for governmental elections using cumulative voting. ...
The DHondt method (equivalent to Jeffersons method) is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. ...
The Droop quota is the quota most commonly used in elections held under the Single Transferable Vote (STV) system. ...
Dynamically Distributed Democracy (DDD) uses a social network data structure as a means of a creating a holographic model of the voting behavior of the whole group within any subset of the population that is actively participating in the groups voting process. ...
In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to get any seats in the parliament. ...
The Hare quota is a formula used to calculate the minimum number, or quota, of votes required to capture a seat in some forms of single transferable vote or largest remainder method party-list proportional representation voting systems. ...
The highest averages method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. ...
Example ballot Instant runoff voting (IRV) is a voting system used for single winner elections in which voters rank candidates in order of preference. ...
The Kemeny-Young method is a voting system that uses preferential ballots, a tally table, and sequence scores to identify the most popular choice, and also identify the second-most popular choice, the third-most popular choice, and so on down to the least-popular choice. ...
The largest remainder method is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. ...
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems used in multiple-winner elections (e. ...
An example of a plurality ballot. ...
Preferential voting (or preference voting) is a type of ballot structure used in several electoral systems in which voters rank a list or group of candidates in order of preference. ...
Range voting (also called ratings summation, average voting, cardinal ratings, 0–99 voting, or the score system or point system) is a voting system for one-seat elections under which voters score each candidate, the scores are added up, and the candidate with the highest score wins. ...
It has been suggested that Maximize Affirmed Majorities be merged into this article or section. ...
The Sainte-Laguë method of the highest average (sometimes identified with Websters method or divisor method with standard rounding) is one way of allocating seats proportionally for representative assemblies with party list voting systems. ...
The Schulze method is a voting system developed in 1997 by Markus Schulze that selects a single winner using votes that express preferences. ...
This STV ballot for the Australian Senate illustrates group voting tickets. ...
In voting, a ballot paper is considered to be spoilt, void, or null if it is regarded by the election authorities to contain irregularities during vote counting, and hence cannot be recorded as a valid vote. ...
A voting system is a means of choosing between a number of options, based on the input of a number of voters. ...
An election is a decision making process where people choose people to hold official offices. ...
2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
In a case where there were only one winner, then proportional approval voting would become simple approval voting. On an approval ballot, the voter can vote for any number of candidates. ...
Counting votes The first thing that happens in PAV is that a list of all potential outcomes of an election is compiled by a computer. For instance, if there were 3 candidates A, B, and C, then the potential outcomes of that election if two candidates were to be elected would be AB, CA, and BC (of course, to insure proportionality more candidates would usually be elected). Then the system compares each of the voters ballots to each outcome. Each voter is given a "satisfaction" score with each potential outcome based on how many candidates that they voted for that are in the given outcome. They are given one satisfaction point for having one candidate in the outcome, and an extra half of a point for having another, and so on, according to this formula:  (This is in essence the D'Hondt quota, but the webster quota could also be used to give more advantages to smaller parties)
Then the satisfaction of all voters is added up, and that gives the potential outcome its satisfaction score. The potential result with the highest total satisfaction is chosen as the actual result.
Example Here is an example using the candidates mentioned above. Let's suppose voters cast their ballots in the following way: - 10 voters: A, B
- 20 voters: B, C
- 20 voters: A
- 30 voters: B
- 10 voters: C
The satisfaction with the election of just A and B is calculated like so: - 15=10*1.5 is given from the first set of ballot, as both candidates will be elected in this outcome.
- 20=20*1 is given from the second set, as only one candidate is elected out of that outcome.
- 20=20*1 is given from the third, as only their only candidate would be elected in that outcome.
- 30=30*1 is given from the fourth, as only their only candidate would be elected in that outcome.
- 0=10*0 is given from the fifth, as none of their candidate would be elected in such an outcome.
Therefore, the satisfaction with A and B getting elected is taken as 15 + 20 + 20 + 30 + 0, or 85.
The election of B and C would get a total satisfaction score of 70 by the same method, and the election of A and C would get a total satsifaction score of 60.
So A and B are elected. This system would obviously need a computer to process, but other than making the voters understand the basic math it would create very few technical problems.
Proportionality It is easy to see why this system is proportional, as a large block of people voting can easily get a single candidate elected, but their voting power is reduced as they get more and more seats filled. By the same token, a small bloc would be unlikely to get a large amount of people in, but they would be able to get their first choice in. Unlike some PR systems, a party cannot alter its outcome by running more candidates. Having fewer candidates than the number of seats does not make that candidate more likely to become elected. Adding a new candidate to the field should have little effect in the overall outcome as long as it doesn't get elected.
If almost all voters only voted for all the candidates of a single party then the results would essentially be the same as the D'Hondt method of party-list proportional representation. The DHondt method (equivalent to Jeffersons method) is a highest averages method for allocating seats in party-list proportional representation. ...
Party-list proportional representation systems are a family of voting systems used in multiple-winner elections (e. ...
Tactical voting The system disadvantages minority groups who share some preferences with the majority. In terms of tactical voting, it is therefore highly desirable to withhold approval from candidates who are likely to be elected in any case, as with cumulative voting. In voting systems, tactical voting (or strategic voting) occurs when a voter misrepresents his or her sincere preferences in order to gain a more favorable outcome. ...
A points method ballot design like this one is the most common for governmental elections using cumulative voting. ...
Complexity Proportional approval voting is a computationally complex method of vote counting. If there were c candidates and w winners, then there would be  potential results to compare with each vote. If there were 20 candidates for 5 seats then there would be more than 15,000 potential results. Such elections could only reasonably be counted by computer.
Variants A somewhat simpler counting method is sequential proportional approval voting where candidates are elected one-by-one to the winners' circle by approval voting, but in each round the value of the votes of each voter who already has m candidates in the winners' circle is reduced to  This was developed by the Danish polymath Thorvald N. Thiele, and used (with adaptations) in Sweden for a short period after 1909. Thorvald Nicolai Thiele (December 24, 1838 – September 26, 1910) was a Danish astronomer, actuary, and mathematician, most notable for his work in statistics, interpolation, and the three-body problem. ...
1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Without the weighting of satisfaction, i.e. if the numbers of votes for each candidate are simply added up and those with the highest numbers elected, equivalent to satisfaction being n, then this would amount to block approval voting which could have a similar chance of landslide results as block voting. If you limited the people to as many votes as there were seats instead of allowing them to cast for as many as they wanted, it would simply become the proportional form of plurarity voting. This article or section should include material from Majority Choice Approval Approval voting is a voting system used for elections, in which each voter can vote for as many or as few candidates as the voter chooses. ...
Bloc voting (or block voting) (also called Plurality-at-large) refers to a class of voting systems which can be used to elect several representatives from a single constituency. ...
See main article Sequential proportional approval voting This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ...
See also - List of democracy and elections-related topics
|
Feeds |
Contact