Propylene oxide is a highly toxic flammable chemical compound. It is an epoxide having a molecular formula C₃H₆O. Solubility is a chemical property referring to the ability for a given substance, the solute, to dissolve in a solvent. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... NFPA 704 is a standard maintained by the U.S. National Fire Protection Association. ... Image File history File links NFPA_704. ... For other uses, see Flash point (disambiguation). ... The autoignition temperature, or the ignition temperature of a substance is the lowest temperature at which a chemical will spontaneously ignite in a normal atmosphere, without an external source of ignition, such as a flame or spark. ... The explosive limit of a gas or a vapour, is the limiting concentration (in air) that is needed for the gas to ignite and explode. ... The plimsoll symbol as used in shipping In chemistry, the standard state of a material is its state at 1 bar (100 kilopascals exactly). ... Look up chemical compound in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An epoxide is a cyclic ether with only three ring atoms. ...

Propylene oxide has a single chiral center, and thus exists as a pair of enantiomers. The material commonly available is a racemic mixture of the two enantiomers. The term chiral (pronounced ) is used to describe an object which is non-superimposable on its mirror image. ... In chemistry two stereoisomers are said to be enantiomers if one can be superimposed on the mirror image of the other, and vice versa. ... In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecules. ...

Its major industrial application is as a monomer for the production of polyether polyols for use in making polyurethane plastics. A monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer [1]. // Examples of monomers are hydrocarbons such as the alkene and arene homologous series. ... The name polyols refers to chemical compounds containing multiple hydroxyl groups. ... A polyurethane is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane links. ...

Production

Industrial production of propylene oxide is mainly from co-oxidation of propylene with other chemicals.

• Propylene + Chlorine + Lime (chlorine absorber) → Propylene oxide + Calcium Chloride
• Propylene + isobutene → Propylene oxide + t-butyl alcohol
• Propylene + ethylbenzene → Propylene oxide + styrene

On 2005, about half of the world production is through chlorohydrin technology (the first one of the above), one third from PO/SM technology (the third one), and the other from PO/TBA technology (the second one). The above technologies create additional side products. Propylene, also known by its IUPAC name propene, is an organic compound having the chemical formula C3H6. ... General Name, symbol, number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series nonmetals Group, period, block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Standard atomic weight 35. ... Lime has several meanings: Look up Lime in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Lime (mineral) - a group of calcium compounds and minerals in which they predominate, including: Limestone Agricultural lime - a mineral soil additive Calcium oxide (also quicklime) - a chemical compound Calcium hydroxide (also slaked lime) - a chemical compound Lime (fruit... R-phrases S-phrases , , Related Compounds Other anions calcium fluoride calcium bromide calcium iodide Other cations magnesium chloride strontium chloride Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... but-1-ene cis-but-2-ene trans-but-2-ene methylpropene There are four isomers of alkenes which have the chemical formula C4H8. ... tert-Butanol, or 2-methyl-2-propanol, is a tertiary alcohol. ... Chemical Structure of Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic chemical compound which is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C8H10. ... C8H8 redirects here. ...

In April 2003, Sumitomo Chemical commercialised the first PO-only plant in Japan, which produces propylene oxide from oxidation of cumene without significant production of other products.^[1] This is a variant of the POSM process (third above) that uses cumene instead of ethylbenzene and recycles the coproducts via dehydration and hydrogenation back to cumene. Cumene is the trivial name for isopropylbenzene, an organic chemical compound that is an aromatic hydrocarbon. ... Chemical Structure of Ethylbenzene Ethylbenzene is an organic chemical compound which is an aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C8H10. ... In chemistry, a dehydration reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water from the reacting molecule. ... Hydrogenation is a class of chemical reactions which result an addition of hydrogen (H2) usually to unsaturated organic compounds. ...

In the new HPPO-Process recently developed by BASF and Dow Chemical propylene is oxidized with hydrogen peroxide: This article is about the German chemical company. ... The Dow Chemical Company (NYSE: DOW) is a multinational corporation headquartered in Midland, Michigan, USA. In terms of market capitalization, it is the second-largest chemical company in the world, smaller than only DuPont. ... R-phrases , , , , S-phrases , , , , , , , , Flash point Non-flammable Related Compounds Related compounds Water Ozone Hydrazine Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a very pale blue liquid which appears colorless in...

C₃H₆ + H₂O₂ → C₃H₆O + H₂O

In this process no side products other than water are created. The first technical plant is currently being built in Antwerp and due to begin production in 2008. For other uses, see Antwerp (disambiguation). ...

Properties

Propylene oxide degrades into propylene glycol in the presence of water, a process which is accelerated by the presence of acid or base. Propylene oxide is a probable human carcinogen.^[2] Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. ...

Propylene oxide was accidently found to be a very strong oxidizer. The discovery was made accidently at SUNY Stony Brook when propylene oxide accidently leaked onto a PVC pipe under pressure and caused the PVC piping to liquify. More research is being done in this area.

Chirality

Propylene oxide is a chiral compound due to the presence of an asymmetrical carbon atom in the oxirane cycle. Industrial propylene oxide is a racemic mixture.[1] Chirality refers to several phenomena, all having to do with objects that differ from their mirror image. ... The chemical compound ethylene oxide is an important industrial chemical used as an intermediate in the production of ethylene glycol and other chemicals, and as a sterilant for foodstuffs and medical supplies. ... In chemistry, a racemate is a mixture of equal amounts of left- and right-handed stereoisomers of a chiral molecules. ...

Uses

Between 60 and 70% of all propylene oxide is consumed making polyether polyols for use in making polyurethane plastics. ^[3] Propylene oxide is also used in the production of propylene glycol (using about 20% of propylene oxide), polypropylene glycol, propylene glycols ethers and propylene carbonate.
The name polyols refers to chemical compounds containing multiple hydroxyl groups. ... A polyurethane is any polymer consisting of a chain of organic units joined by urethane links. ... Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. ... Polypropylene glycol or polypropylene oxide is the polymer of propylene glycol. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The United States Food & Drug Administration has approved its use to pasteurize raw almonds beginning on September 1, 2007 in response to several incidences of contamination by salmonella in commercial orchards.^[4]

It was once used as a racing fuel, but that usage is now prohibited under the US NHRA rules for safety reasons. It is also used in thermobaric weapons, and microbial fumigation. For other uses of terms redirecting here, see US (disambiguation), USA (disambiguation), and United States (disambiguation) Motto In God We Trust(since 1956) (From Many, One; Latin, traditional) Anthem The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington, D.C. Largest city New York City National language English (de facto)1 Demonym American... The National Hot Rod Association (NHRA) is a drag racing governing body, which sets rules in drag racing and host events all over the United States and Canada. ... Thermobaric weapons distinguish themselves from conventional explosive weapons by using atmospheric oxygen, instead of carrying an oxidizer in their explosives. ... A microorganism or microbe is an organism that is so small that it is microscopic (invisible to the naked eye). ... Fumigation is a method of pest control that completely fills an area with gaseous pesticides to suffocate or poison the pests within. ...

References

Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 261st day of the year (262nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 253rd day of the year (254th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... USDA redirects here. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 234th day of the year (235th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Propylene oxide Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
• Propylene oxide at the United States Environmental Protection Agency
• Propylene oxide - chemical product info: properties, production, applications.
• Propylene oxide at the Technology Transfer Network Air Toxics Web Site