Jon Comer, professional skateboarder with a prosthetic leg. In medicine, a prosthesis is an artificial extension that replaces a missing body part. It is part of the field of biomechatronics, the science of fusing mechanical devices with human muscle, skeleton, and nervous systems to assist or enchance motor control lost by trauma, disease, or defect. Prostheses are typically used to replace parts lost by injury (traumatic) or missing from birth (congenital) or to supplement defective body parts. In addition to the standard artificial limb for every-day use, many amputees have special limbs and devices to aid in the participation of sports and recreational activities. Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 671 KB)A soldier plays Foosball with two prosthetic limbs. ...
Download high resolution version (2400x1800, 671 KB)A soldier plays Foosball with two prosthetic limbs. ...
The United States Army is the largest branch of the armed forces of the United States. ...
Table football (Bonzini style table). ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2397x1590, 3194 KB)Jon Comer, Professional skateboarder with a prosthetic leg. ...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2397x1590, 3194 KB)Jon Comer, Professional skateboarder with a prosthetic leg. ...
Jon Comer, Professional skateboarder, gets air with a prosthetic leg. ...
medicines, see Medication. ...
Look up artificial in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...
Biomechatronics is an applied interdisciplinary science which aims to integrate mechanical elements in the human body, both for therapeutic (artificial hearts) and augmentation (mainly military uses for the moment) reasons. ...
In medicine, a trauma patient has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death. ...
A congenital disorder is a medical condition or defect that is present at or before birth (for example, congenital heart disease). ...
Components
In order for a prosthetic limb to work, it must have several components to integrate it into the body's function:
Biosensors detect signals from the users nervous or muscular systems. It then relays this information to a controller located inside the device, and processes feedback from the limb and actuator (e.g., position, force) and sends it to the controller. Examples include wires that detect electrical activity on the skin, needle electrodes implanted in muscle, or solid-state electrode arrays with nerves growing through them. A biosensor is a device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component. ...
Mechanical sensors process aspects affecting the device (e.g., limb position, applied force, load) and relay this information to the biosensor or controller. Examples: force meters and accelerometers.
The controller is connected to the user's nerve and muscular systems and the device itself. It sends intention commands from the user to the actuators of the device, and interprets feedback from the mechanical and biosensors to the user. The controller is also responsible for the monitoring and control of the movements of the device. A controller is a person or device that exercises or attempts to exercise control or influence. ...
An actuator mimics the actions of a muscle in producing force and movement. Examples include a motor that aids or replaces original muscle tissue. A three-dimensional actuator modelled using elastica theory. ...
Cosmesis Though many prosthetics are clearly made of artificial materials, the practice of cosmesis, the creation of life-like limbs made from silicone or PVC, has grown in popularity. Such prosthetics, such as artificial hands, can now be made to mimic the appearance of real hands, complete with freckles, veins, hair, fingerprints and even tattoos. Custom-made cosmeses are generally more expensive (generally costing several thousand dollars, depending on the level of detail), while standard cosmeses come ready-made in various sizes, though they are often not as realistic as their custom-made counterparts. Another option is the custom-made silicone cover, which can be made to match a person's skin tone but not details such as freckles or wrinkles. Cosmeses are attached to the body in any number of ways, using an adhesive, suction, form-fitting, stretchable skin, or a skin sleeve. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Plastic Surgery. ...
Silicones (more accurately called polymerized siloxanes or polysiloxanes) are inorganic-organic polymers with the chemical formula [R2SiO]n, where R = organic groups such as methyl, ethyl, and phenyl. ...
PVC may refer to the following: Polyvinyl chloride, a plastic Premature ventricular contraction, irregular heartbeat Permanent virtual circuit, a term used in telecommunications and computer networks Param Vir Chakra, Indias highest military honor. ...
Prosthetic Enhancement Within science fiction, and, more recently, within the scientific community, there has been consideration given to using advanced prostheses to replace healthy body parts with artificial mechanisms and systems to improve function. Although no such "enhancement prosthetics" have yet been created and demonstrated to work for healthy individuals, the morality and desirability of such technologies is debated. Body parts such as legs, arms, hands, feet, and most other body parts can be replaced.
Types Some types of prosthetics include: Categories: Medicine stubs ...
A breast prosthesis is a silicone breast form intended to replace a lost breast. ...
In medicine, mastectomy is the medical term for the surgical removal of one or both breasts, partially or completely. ...
Illustration of the internal parts of a cochlear implant. ...
A bifocal corrective eyeglasses lens A corrective lens is a lens worn on or before the eye, used to treat myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. ...
Craniofacial Prostheses are made by individuals trained in anaplastology who medically help rehabilitate those suffering from facial defects caused by disease (mostly progressed forms of skin cancer, and head and neck cancer), trauma (outer ear trauma, eye trauma) or birth defects (link to microtia, anophthalmia). ...
Prosthodontics is one of the nine dental specialties recognized by the American Dental Association (ADA) and requires 3-4 years of additional formal training in an ADA approved program. ...
A maxillary denture. ...
A dental restoration or dental filling is a dental restorative material used to artificially restore the function, integrity and morphology of missing tooth structure. ...
A facial prosthetic or facial prosthesis is an artificial device used to change or adapt a persons outward appearance. ...
Hair prostheses (or cranial prosthesis) is analogous in construction and use to a wig. ...
Neuroprosthetics is an area of neuroscience concerned with neural prostheses, developing artificial devices to replace or improve the function of an impaired nervous system. ...
An ocular prosthetic or artificial eye replaces a missing natural eye following an enucleation or envisceration that was lost due to disease or injury. ...
In medicine, a stoma is a surgically created opening into the body. ...
A colostomy is a surgical procedure that involves connecting a part of the colon onto the anterior abdominal wall, leaving the patient with an opening on the abdomen called a stoma. ...
An ileostomy is a stoma that has been constructed by bringing the end of the small intestine (the ileum) out onto the surface of the skin. ...
A urostomy is a stoma (artificial opening) for the urinary system. ...
To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
In this X-ray, the patient’s right hip (on the left in the photograph) has been replaced, with the “ball†of this ball-and-socket joint replaced by a metal head that is set in the thighbone or femur and the socket replaced by a white plastic cup (clear...
A transtibial amputation (sometimes one sees transtibal amputation) is an amputation above the foot but below the knee. ...
External links Look up Prosthesis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. - Board for Orthotist/Prosthetist Certification, Inc is the National certifying and accrediting body also for orthotic and prosthetic professions.
- American Board for Certification in Orthotics and Prosthetics, Inc is the national certifying and accrediting body for the orthotic and prosthetic professions.
- Amputee Coalition of America has many articles on prosthetics and choosing an O&P provider
- Knee Replacement Surgery
- Never Been Done — Documentary about an athlete with a prosthetic leg
- National Amputee Centre — Information about artificial limbs
- The UMC St Radboud Amputee Team Website - Information for lower limb amputees including prosthesis alignment, tuning and socket design
- O&PCare has a complete glossary relating to the field of prosthetics
- The Open Prosthetics Project - an open-source collaboration between users, designers and funders to make prosthetic design available and affordable
- How Stuff Works : Biomechatronics - an overview of the field of biomechatronics, of which prosthetics is a part
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